steelmakingandkeyqualitypointsofsteelmaterial2014Jan

1、Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGSteel making and key quality points of steel material SMS Siemag ChinaTrainingConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGTighten the source quality controll Aiming to tighten the source quality control of steel material, the speech shows: steel making

2、 and key quality points of steel material.Introduce how clean steel are melt and refined by modern metallurgy equipment.Focus on key quality points through cases.The better steel, the better machines.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGContentu 1. steel making1.1 Metallurgy workflow 1.2 Me

3、tallurgy function1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD1.3.2 refining furnace1.3.3 Caster1.3.4 EAF deviceu 2. Key quality points of steel material2.1 Chemical composition2.2 Mechanical properties2.3 Further requirements to steelConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGMain steel factories in ChinaCon

4、fidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowTechnology of metallurgy workflow guide the project and programming of steel factory.It relates to billions of investment and countless labor in tens of years.Mr. Yin Ruiyu teaches us the technology.Confidential All rights reserved SM

5、S Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow In order to build a modern steel factory in 2007, 220 items of technology were put into use, including 21 items for coke, 68 items for (iron) puddling, 53 items for steelmaking, 22 items for hot rolling, 46 items for cold rolling, 10 items for accessory equipment.

6、Not easy!Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowFrom molten iron pretreatment to CC in this speechConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowuTime flow In large-scale mechaniz

7、ed industry, BF, LD, refining equipment and CCM, rolling machines should have the same flow and meter in time. uMatter flow Interface between equipment is just like interference fit in mechanics. uTemperature flow In the whole steelmaking line, heating liquid steel in furnaces struggles with cooling

8、. Therefore people must keep the temperature in control.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowLong work flow steel making; output=6 Mt/yShort work flow steel making; output=2 Mt/yConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow EAF factoryConfident

9、ial All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowSettings: EAF *1 LF *1 (VD*1) CCM*1 Hot roll line*1-Call it “short work flow” steel makingConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow LD factoryConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow

10、LD workshopConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowSettings:MiningMineral separationSinteringCokeBF*2Converter*3LF*3 + RH *2CCM*3Hot roll lineCold roll lineProcessing line-Call it “Long work flow steel making” steel makingConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1

11、 Metallurgy workflow 鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的目的目的就是用化學(xué)和物理的方法就是用化學(xué)和物理的方法把氧化鐵中的鐵元素置換出來，然后按照把氧化鐵中的鐵元素置換出來，然后按照人們的需要再次進(jìn)行合金化，并進(jìn)行深加人們的需要再次進(jìn)行合金化，并進(jìn)行深加工從而得到我們需要的材料；工從而得到我們需要的材料； 所有鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的設(shè)備都是圍繞此目的設(shè)計(jì)所有鋼鐵生產(chǎn)的設(shè)備都是圍繞此目的設(shè)計(jì)并制造出來的。并制造出來的。Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowRequirement to liquid iro

12、n:Temperature: higher than 1400Chemical component:C=3.54.5Si=0.30Mn=0.200.80p0.20S0.05 (for clean steel, S0.005)Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowu煉鋼的煉鋼的目的目的，將通過煉鐵生產(chǎn)得到的生鐵進(jìn)一步提純凈化，去掉，將通過煉鐵生產(chǎn)得到的生鐵進(jìn)一步提純凈化，去掉有害雜質(zhì)并按照需要進(jìn)行合金化；有害雜質(zhì)并按照需要進(jìn)行合金化；u轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼的基本原理是轉(zhuǎn)爐煉鋼的基本原理是化學(xué)反應(yīng)化學(xué)反應(yīng)，即通

13、過向轉(zhuǎn)爐內(nèi)吹入高壓純氧，即通過向轉(zhuǎn)爐內(nèi)吹入高壓純氧，利用碳氧反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的高溫創(chuàng)造一個(gè)強(qiáng)氧化氣氛，將生鐵中的碳，利用碳氧反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生的高溫創(chuàng)造一個(gè)強(qiáng)氧化氣氛，將生鐵中的碳，硅，磷，硅，磷， 硫等雜質(zhì)氧化并適時(shí)加入各種造渣原料，使之發(fā)生硫等雜質(zhì)氧化并適時(shí)加入各種造渣原料，使之發(fā)生反應(yīng)形成爐渣與鐵元素分離，從而得到純度更高的鐵碳合金。反應(yīng)形成爐渣與鐵元素分離，從而得到純度更高的鐵碳合金。u電爐生產(chǎn)電爐生產(chǎn)初期初期是物理反應(yīng)，即通過電極加熱廢鋼，使之熔融，從是物理反應(yīng)，即通過電極加熱廢鋼，使之熔融，從而得到鋼水而得到鋼水；然后造渣，通過化學(xué)反應(yīng)除去磷；然后造渣，通過化學(xué)反應(yīng)除去磷。Confidential

14、All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowClean steel in the whole workflow:Desulfurization, dephosphorization and dislodging silicon in liquid iron is executed.Converter or EAF works together with refining equipment to provide pure liquid steel to CCMConfidential All rights reserved S

15、MS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflowu Metallurgy is a complex process and operation.u Steelmaking equipment and their function should be optimized for profit of the whole metallurgy workflow.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AGEquipment, devices should provide profit to customersJust like C

16、SP: SMS Siemagu58% investment of traditional hot rolling line;u50% energy consumption of traditional hot rolling line;u78% production cost of traditional hot rolling line;u101.8% yield rate of traditional hot rolling line;u39% maintaining charge of traditional hot rolling line.Confidential All right

17、s reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow CSP IntroduceExample:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow Steel mills want suitable and modern devices.For EAF, I think that its most suitable and modern development is usage of eccentric bottom pouring device since EAF

18、 was invented in 1899.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow Green factoryuSteel factory will not only make steel but also exchange energy and absorb wastage for more contribution to human life. uSteel factory output water team and electric power besides consumption it

19、self. uOnly doing that, the citizen will confirm steel factory! The population, waste of energy and iron ore, limestone, coal should not be behaviors of steel factory! Therefore, what should we do as a supplier of steel factory?Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.1 Metallurgy workflow St

20、eel plant in the eveningConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionKnowledge of steel making base on:lChemistrylPhysicslMetallurgy physics chemistryConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionMaterials Used For Steelmaking iron ore Metallurgical Coa

21、l O2 limestone waste steelConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionBut, those materials includetoo much sulfur;too much phosphorus;too much Carbon;too much Si;too much H, N and so on.We must remove the harmful component through function of steel making.Confidential All ri

22、ghts reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionwhat steel making processes do:deoxidization and augment Carbondecarbonizationdesulfurizationdephosphorizationdislodge silicontemperature risedeoxidationdislodge gas from steel bathdislodge inclusionalloyinghomogenizationConfidential All rights reser

23、ved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function DeoxidizationWhy? Before deoxidization, can not cast; Pore and loose, inclusion in steel; Increase red shortness;How? Deposit deoxidization Diffusion deoxidization Vacuum deoxidizationConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Decar

24、bonizationWhy? Decrease ductility of steel.How?COOC221)( ,274.411393940molJTGCOOC)( ,386.38221860molJTGCOFeFeOC)(Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function DesulfurizationWhy? Red shortness. Decrease corrosion resistance Crack, pore and loose in welding seamHow? S+(CaO)=(C

25、aS)+O S+(CaO)=(CaS)+O G G0 0=98474-22.82T=98474-22.82T S+(MnO)=(MnS)+O S+(MnO)=(MnS)+O G G0 0=133224-33.49T=133224-33.49T S+(MgO)=(MgS)+O S+(MgO)=(MgS)+O G G0 0=191462-32.70T =191462-32.70T Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function DephosphorizationWhy? Cold shortness Dec

26、rease crack-resistant propertyHow? 2P+5(FeO)+4(CaO)=(4CaO2P+5(FeO)+4(CaO)=(4CaOP P2 2O O5 5)+5Fe)+5Fe 2P+5(FeO)+3(CaO)=(3CaO2P+5(FeO)+3(CaO)=(3CaOP P2 2O O5 5)+5Fe)+5FeConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Dislodge inclusionWhy? Crack Decrease ductility of steel Block

27、 casting flowHow? Pour out it with slag Change inclusion formConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Purity steel requires dislodging inclusion Deoxidation by Al should be limited! Especially in module casting process, this deoxidation method provides a lot of (AL2O3) i

28、nclusion in steel and result of rejection of rotor (a casting / forging part). It had made great loss of money and reputation of THI Company. Deoxidation by Al wastes the function of vacuum refining since THI have used vacuum furnace to refine rotor steel! It should use carbon to dioxide in vacuum c

29、ondition instead of Al. Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy function Purity steel requires dislodging inclusion In steel making operation, an important thing is melting slag to dislodge inclusion and for desulfurization, dephosphorization. So, there is an idiom as “steel mak

30、ing is slag melting”.An idiom:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.2 Metallurgy functionMetallurgy function for steel quality:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipmentEquipment list:1.3.1 LD1.3.2 refining equipment LF/DH/RH/VD1.3.3 Caster1.3.4 EAF deviceConfid

31、ential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD Workshop轉(zhuǎn)爐車間轉(zhuǎn)爐車間的主要設(shè)備分為的主要設(shè)備分為4大系統(tǒng)大系統(tǒng)： 原料系統(tǒng)原料系統(tǒng)：如運(yùn)輸存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備混鐵爐，魚雷罐車，鐵水罐，鋼水罐：如運(yùn)輸存儲(chǔ)設(shè)備混鐵爐，魚雷罐車，鐵水罐，鋼水罐；鐵水預(yù)處理設(shè)備，廢鋼篩選及裝爐設(shè)備；散裝物料設(shè)備如皮帶；鐵水預(yù)處理設(shè)備，廢鋼篩選及裝爐設(shè)備；散裝物料設(shè)備如皮帶機(jī)，料倉料斗以及轉(zhuǎn)爐爐渣的清理和運(yùn)輸設(shè)備機(jī)，料倉料斗以及轉(zhuǎn)爐爐渣的清理和運(yùn)輸設(shè)備； 爐體系統(tǒng)爐體系統(tǒng)：轉(zhuǎn)爐爐殼，轉(zhuǎn)爐托圈及爐體傾動(dòng)設(shè)備：轉(zhuǎn)爐爐殼，轉(zhuǎn)爐托

32、圈及爐體傾動(dòng)設(shè)備； 供氧系統(tǒng)供氧系統(tǒng)：氧槍：氧槍，供氧管道及閥門，測溫取樣槍供氧管道及閥門，測溫取樣槍； 除塵系統(tǒng)除塵系統(tǒng)：供水，蒸汽，煙道，燃燒室，集塵室，風(fēng)機(jī)，除塵器：供水，蒸汽，煙道，燃燒室，集塵室，風(fēng)機(jī)，除塵器Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopTorpedo car transports liquid iron to LDConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equ

33、ipment1.3.1 LD Workshopumolten iron pretreatment are actively used in all of modern steel factories for the benefit of quality and high productivity.umolten iron pretreatment could be taken place in Torpedo car.uDesulfurization, dephosphorization and dislodging silicon are function of molten iron pr

34、etreatment.Molten iron pretreatment Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopLD ProcessConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD W

35、orkshopConverter (LD-Q-BOP)Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3 Metallurgy equipment1.3.1 LD WorkshopNow, function of converter has changed:The number one LD focuses on dephosphorization;The next LD focuses on decarbonization.It is the result of optimized Unit Operation and equipment in

36、 metallurgy industry.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment Deoxidization and augment Carbon O Decarbonization Desulfurization Dephosphorization O/X Dislodge silicon X Temperature rise /O Deoxidation Dislodge gas from steel bath Dislodge inclusion Alloying Homogenizat

37、ion How useful LF/VD/RH are! let us appraise them! What function LF/VD/RH can do?Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment 目的功能攪拌噴粉添加合金氣氛調(diào)整（密閉）減壓或真空 加熱1，均勻溫度成分OOOXO2，成分調(diào)整OOO3，脫碳XX4，脫氣（H， N， CO）OX5，脫氧OO6，脫硫X7，脫磷 X8，溫度調(diào)整XXXXX9，夾雜物的形態(tài)控制XXGoal and working actions in refining

38、Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment Development of refiningConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnace:Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnaceConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag

39、 AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnace:出鋼出鋼鋼包車吹氬鋼包車吹氬鋼包到等待位置鋼包到等待位置處理渣處理渣吹 氬 攪吹 氬 攪拌拌出 鋼 過出 鋼 過多多出 鋼 帶出 鋼 帶渣渣正常正常顏色顏色流動(dòng)性流動(dòng)性初 煉 爐初 煉 爐渣渣正常正常ABCDEF鋼包取樣鋼包取樣加入合金，均勻化及調(diào)加入合金，均勻化及調(diào)節(jié)溫度節(jié)溫度喂入喂入Ca-Si絲絲鋼 包 取樣停氬停氬吊往連鑄吊往連鑄臺(tái)臺(tái)鋼液成鋼液成分未按分未按規(guī)定改規(guī)定改變變正正常常GHIJKLM加合金與喂加合金與喂CaSi線間時(shí)間不線間時(shí)間不足；喂足；喂CaSi線后吹氬時(shí)間不線后吹氬時(shí)間不足；加入足；加入CaS

40、i不正確；成分不正確；成分不合；溫度不合適不合；溫度不合適NConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnaceu According to wt% of Als, add Al into LFu For desulfurization and dislodging inclusion, melt white slag and blow Argon in LF;u Electric arc heats liquid steel to target temperature;u Blow

41、argon to make temperature uniform;u According to target chemical component, add alloy into LF.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment LF furnace LF is a revolutionary improvement for refining steel. LF builds the production system of “rough meltingrefining” various ste

42、el grand with high quality. LF makes the difference of LD and EAF disappear.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment DHDoetmund Hoerder Huetten union (named by a German company)Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment RH(by a developing Ger

43、man company named) Ruhrstahl Rheinstahl ATH CompanyConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment RHConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment uDo you want face plate of Benz car? Please use RH to produce IF steel.uDo you want DI steel for ring-pul

44、l can to drink bear? Please use RH.uDo you want electrics steel for watching TV? ? Please use RH .Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 refining equipment VD Vacuum Degas equipment provides a cheaper degassing way than RH and has a good result of degassing. Therefore VD is wildly used.

45、Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.2 Refining equipment p SMS Group is developing those steel refining devices today! SMS MevacConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Caster But, which device is the core segment in steel industry today?CCM is the core segment for steel qua

46、lity.CCM is the core segment for economical production of steel.CCM is the core segment of product types.So, LD, EAF and refining furnace have to serve CCM.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights rese

47、rved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Casteru連續(xù)鑄鋼簡稱連鑄，是把液態(tài)鋼水用連鑄機(jī)澆連續(xù)鑄鋼簡稱連鑄，是把液態(tài)鋼水用連鑄機(jī)澆注、冷凝、切割而直接得到鑄坯的工藝。它是注、冷凝、切割而直接得到鑄坯的工藝。它是連接煉鋼和軋鋼的中間環(huán)節(jié)，是煉鋼廠的重要連接煉鋼和軋鋼的中間環(huán)節(jié)，是煉鋼廠的重要組成部分。組成部分。凡是具有獨(dú)立的拉矯和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，可以單獨(dú)運(yùn)凡是具有獨(dú)立的拉矯和傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，可以單獨(dú)運(yùn)行的一組連鑄設(shè)備，稱作為連鑄機(jī)的一機(jī)。行的一組連鑄設(shè)備，稱作為連鑄機(jī)的一機(jī)。中間包

48、內(nèi)的鋼水可以同時(shí)澆注的鑄坯根數(shù)（結(jié)中間包內(nèi)的鋼水可以同時(shí)澆注的鑄坯根數(shù)（結(jié)晶器數(shù)）稱作連鑄機(jī)的流數(shù)晶器數(shù)）稱作連鑄機(jī)的流數(shù)Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Casteru連鑄的原理是將液態(tài)鋼水連續(xù)注入通水冷卻的結(jié)晶器，并在結(jié)晶連鑄的原理是將液態(tài)鋼水連續(xù)注入通水冷卻的結(jié)晶器，并在結(jié)晶器內(nèi)冷卻凝固而形成坯殼；結(jié)晶器安裝在振動(dòng)臺(tái)上，通過不間斷器內(nèi)冷卻凝固而形成坯殼；結(jié)晶器安裝在振動(dòng)臺(tái)上，通過不間斷的振動(dòng)使坯殼與結(jié)晶器銅板分離，并在結(jié)晶器下端連續(xù)不斷的拉的振動(dòng)使坯殼與結(jié)晶器銅板分離，并在結(jié)晶器下端連續(xù)不斷的拉出，液芯坯殼再經(jīng)過在扇形

49、段內(nèi)的二次冷卻，最終凝固成我們需出，液芯坯殼再經(jīng)過在扇形段內(nèi)的二次冷卻，最終凝固成我們需要的最終形狀要的最終形狀。現(xiàn)在世界各國使用的連鑄機(jī)有立式、立彎式、弧形、旋轉(zhuǎn)式、輪現(xiàn)在世界各國使用的連鑄機(jī)有立式、立彎式、弧形、旋轉(zhuǎn)式、輪帶式和水平式等帶式和水平式等6種類型。種類型。其中應(yīng)用最廣泛的是其中應(yīng)用最廣泛的是弧形弧形和和立彎立彎式式。Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Caster連鑄機(jī)的主體設(shè)備連鑄機(jī)的主體設(shè)備 回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)。回轉(zhuǎn)臺(tái)。 中間包。中間包。 中包車。中包車。 結(jié)晶器：結(jié)晶器： 結(jié)晶器的振動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。結(jié)晶器的振動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)。負(fù)滑脫（

50、或稱負(fù)滑動(dòng)）負(fù)滑脫（或稱負(fù)滑動(dòng)）:當(dāng)結(jié)晶器下振的速度大于當(dāng)結(jié)晶器下振的速度大于拉坯速度時(shí)，鑄坯對(duì)結(jié)晶器的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)為向上，拉坯速度時(shí)，鑄坯對(duì)結(jié)晶器的相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)為向上，即逆拉坯方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)稱負(fù)滑脫或稱負(fù)即逆拉坯方向的運(yùn)動(dòng)，這種運(yùn)動(dòng)稱負(fù)滑脫或稱負(fù)滑動(dòng)?；瑒?dòng)。 二次冷卻系統(tǒng)。二次冷卻系統(tǒng)。 拉坯矯直機(jī)。如果采用多輥拉矯機(jī)時(shí)，二冷區(qū)拉坯矯直機(jī)。如果采用多輥拉矯機(jī)時(shí)，二冷區(qū)的部分夾輥本身又是驅(qū)動(dòng)輥，起到拉坯的作用。的部分夾輥本身又是驅(qū)動(dòng)輥，起到拉坯的作用。 切割機(jī)，切割方法有火焰切割和機(jī)械剪切切割機(jī)，切割方法有火焰切割和機(jī)械剪切Confidential All rights reserved SMS

51、 Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 Caster連鑄的主要工藝參數(shù)連鑄的主要工藝參數(shù) 鑄坯斷面：主要根據(jù)連鑄機(jī)澆注的實(shí)際可能和軋機(jī)對(duì)坯料斷面的要求。我廠鑄坯斷面：主要根據(jù)連鑄機(jī)澆注的實(shí)際可能和軋機(jī)對(duì)坯料斷面的要求。我廠現(xiàn)有斷面：方坯：現(xiàn)有斷面：方坯：130130173mm173mm；板坯：；板坯：150150、180180、200200350350710mm710mm。冶金長度：鑄機(jī)的冶金長度是指從結(jié)晶器內(nèi)鋼液面到拉矯機(jī)最后一對(duì)輥?zhàn)又幸苯痖L度：鑄機(jī)的冶金長度是指從結(jié)晶器內(nèi)鋼液面到拉矯

52、機(jī)最后一對(duì)輥?zhàn)又行木€的實(shí)際長度，即鑄機(jī)長度。心線的實(shí)際長度，即鑄機(jī)長度。拉坯速度：指連鑄機(jī)每一流單位時(shí)間拉出鑄坯的長度（拉坯速度：指連鑄機(jī)每一流單位時(shí)間拉出鑄坯的長度（m/minm/min），或每一流單），或每一流單位時(shí)間拉出鑄坯的重量（位時(shí)間拉出鑄坯的重量（t/mint/min），后者也有稱為澆注速度的。拉速主要受鋼），后者也有稱為澆注速度的。拉速主要受鋼種、斷面形狀和尺寸、注溫及鋼中硫磷含量的影響。種、斷面形狀和尺寸、注溫及鋼中硫磷含量的影響。圓弧半徑：指鑄坯彎曲時(shí)的外弧半徑（圓弧半徑：指鑄坯彎曲時(shí)的外弧半徑（m m）。）。比給水量：二次冷卻強(qiáng)度可用比給水量：二次冷卻強(qiáng)度可用“比給水量比給

53、水量”來表示，其含義是單位時(shí)間冷卻來表示，其含義是單位時(shí)間冷卻水耗量（升）和通過二冷區(qū)鑄坯質(zhì)量（水耗量（升）和通過二冷區(qū)鑄坯質(zhì)量（kgkg）的比值，其單位為）的比值，其單位為l/kgl/kg。結(jié)晶器倒錐度：是結(jié)晶器上下口尺寸差值與其長度之比值。過大坯殼脫模困結(jié)晶器倒錐度：是結(jié)晶器上下口尺寸差值與其長度之比值。過大坯殼脫模困難；過小可使坯殼過早脫離銅壁產(chǎn)生氣隙，使坯殼較早失去結(jié)晶器支撐，并難；過小可使坯殼過早脫離銅壁產(chǎn)生氣隙，使坯殼較早失去結(jié)晶器支撐，并不利于傳熱不利于傳熱Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterInte

54、rmediate ladleConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterIntermediate ladleIt is a refractory matter vessel. It receives liquid steelfrom ladle, and then distributes liquid steel tocasting molds through its water gaps.We should not only take it as a distribution vessel.We must use int

55、ermediate ladle to get clean steel.So, there is a new idiom named intermediate ladlemetallurgy. There is a patent of new type intermediate ladle.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterIntermediate ladleexplanation in the next pagesConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.

56、3 CasterIntermediate ladleNotice the walls in the Intermediate ladle in Page 70.The walls prevent inclusion to flow in caster and are very, very important for quality of steel!Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.3 CasterIntermediate ladleKey quality point: prevent immixture slag into m

57、old.waving of liquid height in Intermediate ladle must be less than 5mm.For IF steel as face plate of Benz Car, waving of liquid height in Intermediate ladle 95% slag in furnace is good for the next steel bath. Save power.Decrease temperature of melting steel to save power.Decrease oxide in steel wh

58、en pouring steel.Increase life of steel ladles.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF deviceSMS Siemag is working on X-MeltX-Melt technology includes LD, (DC or AC) EAF and CONARC (LD with electric arc heating steel). Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF deviceLet

59、 us see the ARCCESS S/EAFConfidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF deviceSMS:ARCCESS Steady EAFARCCESS Steady EAF（S/EAF）can continuouslyrun one week (148 hours), 30% capacity increased.The newest SIS（SMS Injection System）Electrode slide device.Used in PT. Gunung Company in Bekasi, Indo

60、nesia,recently.Confidential All rights reserved SMS Siemag AG1.3.4 EAF device List of ARCCESS Steady EAFStart CustomerCapacity /t2010Peiner Trager GmbH, Germany1252010OKO Kemz(Maxi Group), Russia1202009OKO Taganrog Metallurgical Works, Russia1352009Forpost Energu, Russia1202009Fervouralsky New Pipe Works(PNTZ), Ru