船員GMDSS簡(jiǎn)介

1、GMDSSCommunication Equipment and ServicesCommunication office, Navigation College2022年年3月月23日日Chapter 1 GMDSS Overview 1.1 GMDSS basic concept and function 1.2 Sea Area 1.3 Composition of GMDSS 1.4 The devices for alarm 1.5 Equipment carriage requirements 1.6 Maintenance Methods 1.7 CertificateChapt

2、er 1 GMDSS OverviewGeneral The basic concept of the GMDSS is that search and rescue authorities ashore, as well as shipping in the immediate vicinity of the ship in distress, will be rapidly alerted to a distress incident so that they can assist in a co-ordinated SAR operation with the minimum delay

3、. General The system also provides for urgency and safety communications and the promulgation of maritime safety information (MSI)- navigational and meteorological warnings and forecasts and other urgent information to ships. In other words, every ship is able, irrespective of the area in which it o

4、perates, to perform those communication functions which are essential for the safety of the ship itself and of other ships operating in the same area. 1.1 GMDSS basic concept and function 1.1.1 Emergence and development of the GMDSS1）History review2）Main work of distress communi-cation prior to GMDS

5、S3） limitations of original system1.1.2 GMDSS Functions The concept of GMDSS lays down /制定制定(to declare or state firmly or officially; define; prescribe) seven specific functions which all ships need to be able to perform irrespective/不顧、不考慮不顧、不考慮 of which sea area they will be operating in. These f

6、unctions are:1.1.2 GMDSS Functions 1. Distress alert 2. Search and rescue coordination communication 3. On-scene communications 4. Locating 5. Promulgation of Maritime Safety Information (MSI) 6. Fast and efficient general radio-communication 7. Bridge to bridge communication(1) Distress alerts Defi

7、nition a ship in distress issued a distress alert info. to RCC and ships in the vicinity promptly and effectively Content Identification, location, timing, nature, other info. Directions ship to shore, ship to ship, shore to ship distress alerts is one-way communication.Rescue Coordination Center(2)

8、 Search and rescue coordination comu. Definition In general, these are the communication necessary for the co-ordination of ships and aircraft participating in a search and rescue operation following a distress alert; and include communications between RCCs and any on-scene coordinator (OSC) in the

9、area of the distress incident. Techniques Radiotelephony direct-printing telegraphy (2) Search and rescue coordination Comm. implement Terrestrial means Satellite means Dependent upon the equipment fitted on the ship and the sea area in which the incident occurs. Directions Both directions (two-way

10、communication) Remote communication(3) On scene communication Definition These communications between the ship in distress and assisting units relate to the provision of assistance to the ship or the rescue of survivors. Implement Radiotelephony or direct-printing telegrahy. Frequency MF and VHF Ban

11、d1.1 GMDSS OverviewMedium FrequencyVery High Frequency (3) On scene communication Frequency 3023kHz,4125kHz,5680kHz 2182kHz 156.8MHz Direction Two-way communication short range communication1.1 GMDSS Overview(4) Locating Definition Locating is the finding of a ship/aircraft in distress or its surviv

12、al craft or survivors. Performed by A search and rescues locating device Operating either in the 9 GHz band (SART) Operating on frequencies dedicated for AIS (AIS-SART) The position is indicated when the SART is interrogated by the searching units 9GHz radar or is displayed by the searching units AI

13、S installation1.1 GMDSS OverviewSearch and Rescue Radar TransponderAutomatic Identification System(5) Promulgation of MSI Content navigational and meteorological warnings meteorological forecasts, and other urgent info. about the safety of navigation system (1) NAVTEX (Navigational Telex) system; (2

14、) EGC (enhanced group call) system; (3) HF NBDP (High Frequency Narrow Band Direct Printing) auxiliary system, high frequency radio telex systems.1.1 GMDSS Overview(6) General radio-communication Definition communications between ship stations and shore-base communication networks concerning the man

15、agement and operation of the ship have an impact on its safety. Examples Orders for pilot and tug services Chart replacement Repairs1.1 GMDSS Overview(7) Bridge to bridge communication Definition Inter-ship safety communications conducted from the position from which the ship is normally navigated.

16、Performed by VHF radiotelephony Example narrow waterway and busy waterways navigation collision avoidance when pass in and out of port1.1 GMDSS OverviewFig. General Concept of GMDSS1.2 GMDSS Areas GMDSS determines/確定確定; 限定限定, 規(guī)定規(guī)定 the way in which radio equipment is fitted to a ship, under the 1974

17、SOLAS Convention this is based on tonnage while the new system switches (change) the emphasis/強(qiáng)強(qiáng)調(diào)調(diào), 加強(qiáng)加強(qiáng)重重 (special force or attention given to something to show that is particular important) on to the vessels trading貿(mào)易的貿(mào)易的, 商業(yè)的商業(yè)的; 從事商業(yè)的從事商業(yè)的pattern (model; type) to determine the type of equipment

18、fitted. Four distinct獨(dú)特的獨(dú)特的; 性質(zhì)或種類不同的性質(zhì)或種類不同的sea areas have been designated (to choose for particular purpose). 1.1 GMDSS Overview1.1.3 GMDSS Sea Areas Ships radio equipment has been considered in terms of (according to) the range of the communications system in use and the areas in which the ship w

19、ill trade, thus four areas have been specified. A1 A2 A3 A41.1 GMDSS Overview1.2 GMDSS Sea Areas A1 An area within the radiotelephone coverage range of at least one VHF coast station in which continuous digital selective calling (DSC) alerting is available. This is approximately (about) 20-30 miles,

20、 i.e. line of sight (view). A2 an area, excluding sea area A1, within the radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast station in which continuous DSC alerting is available, as may be defined by a Contracting Government.1.1 GMDSS Overview1.2 GMDSS Sea Areas A3 an area, excluding sea areas A1 and

21、 A2, within the coverage of an Inmarsat geostationary satellite in which continuous alerting is available Generally refers to the sea area between 76S76N, but not including A1 and A2 sea area. A4 an area outside sea areas A1, A2, A3 that is, polar waters outside south and north latitude 76 .1.1 GMDS

22、S OverviewConsideringGMDSS的四個(gè)海區(qū)是互不重疊的，的四個(gè)海區(qū)是互不重疊的，并且以岸基為參照，以電波覆蓋的并且以岸基為參照，以電波覆蓋的有效范圍為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此海區(qū)的概念有效范圍為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，因此海區(qū)的概念是相對(duì)的。是相對(duì)的。 1.3 GMDSS Composition Satellite communications system Inter. mobile satellite commu. system (Inmarsat) Global search and rescue satellite system (COSPAS-SARSAT). Terrestrial commu

23、nications system MF/HF radiotelephon system VHF radiotelephon system Digital selective calling system, Narrow-band direct-printing Telegraph (NBDP) systems NAVTEX system Locating system;1.3 GMDSS CompositionMF/HF communication equipment including single sideband radiotelephone, DSC, NBDP, DSC watch-

24、keeping receiver1.3 GMDSS EquipmentVHF communications equipment including VHF radiotelephone, DSC, DSC watch-keeping receiver1.3 GMDSS EquipmentNAVTEX receiver NAVTEX receiver 1.3 GMDSS EquipmentSNX-200SART1.3 GMDSS Equipment1.3 GMDSS EquipmentVHF EPIRB and Portable VHF two-way radiotelephone1.3 GMD

25、SS EquipmentInmarsat-C station, with EGC receiver1.3 GMDSS EquipmentInmarsat B/F StationInmarsat B SESInmarsat F SES1.3 GMDSS Equipment406MHz EPIRB1.4 The devices for alarm Every ship, while at sea, should be capable of transmitting ship-to-shore distress alerts by at least two separate and independ

26、ent means each using a different radio communication service. A1: ship to ship: VHF CH70 DSC / VHF EPIRB Ship to shore : VHF CH70 DSC / VHF EPIRB A2: ship to ship: VHF CH70 DSC / MF 2187.5kHz DSC Ship to shore : MF 2187.5kHz DSCemergency position indicating radio beacon1.4 The devices for alarm A3:

27、ship to ship: VHF CH70 DSC / MF 2187.5kHz DSC Ship to shore : Inmarsat SES / HF DSC (8414.5kHz) A4: ship to ship: VHF CH70 DSC / MF 2187.5kHz DSC Ship to shore : HF DSC (8414.5kHz) Another Mean for ship to shore alarm: 406 MHz EPIRBShip Earth StationThe relation between Sea Area and Alarm Means Radi

28、o Equipment for General VHF radio installation 1 set. 1 set NAVTEX receiver 518kHz. Satellite EPIRB 1 set. 9GHz SART. Portable VHF two-way radio equipment. 1.5 Equipment Carriage Requirementpassenger ships and cargo ships of 500 gross tons and upwards : at least 2 sets cargo ships of less than 500 g

29、ross tons may be equipped with 1 set all passenger ships and cargo ships of 500 gross tons and upwards: at least 3 sets, cargo ships of less than 500 gross tons may be equipped with 2 sets. The device should work on CH16 and at least one other channel. Radio Equipment for A1 FM VHF radiotelephone wi

30、th DSC VHF EPIRB replace Satellite Radio Equipment for A1, A2 MF radiotelephone, MF DSC, NBDP Or Inmarsat SES Radio Equipment for A1, A2, A3 Inmarsat SES with EGC and MF DSC or MF/HF radiotelephone, MF/HF DSC, MF/HF NBDP1.5 Equipment Carriage Requirement Radio Equipment for A1, A2, A3, A4 MF/HF radi

31、otelephone equipment MF/HF DSC, MF/HF NBDP Summary Inmarsat SES: B/C/F 406 MHz EPIRB MF/HF radiotelephone equipment: RT/ NBDP/ DSC VHF radiotelephone FM RT/ DSC NAVTEX, SART Portable VHF two-way radio equipment 1.5 Equipment Carriage Requirement1.6 Maintenance Methods A ship should not depart from a

32、ny port unless and until the ship is able to perform all distress and safety communications. In addition, ships shall ensure the availability of their GMDSS equipment. Duplication /成倍成倍, 成雙成雙(dual; copy) of equipment (DOE) Shore-based maintenance (SBM), and AtSea Maintenance (ASM). 1.6 Maintenance M

33、ethods Ships trading in areas A1 and A2 shall ensure this availability by using at least one of the following methods: Duplication /成倍成倍, 成雙成雙(dual; copy) of equipment (DOE) Shore-based maintenance (SBM), and AtSea Maintenance (ASM). 1.6 Maintenance Methods On ships trading in areas A3 and A4, This

34、availability shall be ensured by using a combination of at least two of the following methods: DOE; SBM; ASM. Duplication of equipment may be used as a means of contributing to (help to) the inability/無能力無能力of equipment in the GMDSS.1.6 Maintenance Methods In order to satisfy the Convention requirem

35、ents where there is no onboard maintainer/維護(hù)人員維護(hù)人員vessels will be required to carry duplicate equipment as follows: A1 DSC VHF Radio; A2 DSC VHF Radio and either MF or HF Radio, or SES; A3 DSC VHF Radio and either HF Radio or SES; A4 DSC VHF Radio, HF Radio. Separate antenna are required for duplica

36、ted radio installations.Summary Notes of GMDSS Equipment (1) VHF radiotelephone must be capable of transmitting and receiving DSC on channel 70 and RT on channel 16, channel 13 and channel 6. (2) The DSC channel 70 VHF watchkeeping equipment may be separate or combined with item (1) above. (3) Ships

37、 sailing exclusively/ 專有地專有地in area A1 may carry in lieu of/代替代替 a 406 MHz satellite EPIRB an EPIRB which is capable of transmitting a DSC distress alert on channel 70 VHF and providing location by means of /依靠依靠a 9 GHz transponder. Summary Notes of GMDSS Equipment 4. MF radio installation must be c

38、apable of transmitting and receiving DSC on 2187.5 kHz and RT on 2182 kHz for distress purposes. 5. The dedicated/致力于致力于 專用于專用于 2187.5 kHz DSC watchkeeping receiver may be separate or combined with DSC equipment in item 4 above. 6. MF/HF installations must be capable of transmitting and receiving on

39、 all distress and safety frequencies in the 1605-27,500 kHz using DSC, RT, NBDP. 7. MF/HF DSC watchkeeping receiver, must be capable of receiving the frequencies of 2187.5 kHz and 8414.5 kHz and at least one of the other HF DSC frequencies (4207.5, 6312,12577 or 16804.5 kHz). The receiver shall be s

40、eparate or combined with DSC equipment in item 6 above. 8. Ships constructed before 1 February 1997 and exclusively engaged on voyages within areas A2, A3, and A4 may be granted exemptions /免除免除, 豁免豁免 from carrying DSC channel 70 VHF, Provided such ships maintain where practicable a continuous liste

41、ning watch on channel 16 VHF. This watch shall be kept from the position at which the ship is normally navigated. 1.7 Certificates Every ship shall carry personnel qualified for distress and safety radio-communication p u r p o s e s t o t h e s a t i s f a c t i o n o f t h e Administration. The personnel shall be holders of cert