限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別概要課件

1、The Differences between the Restrictive and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause定語從句和非限制性定語從句區(qū)別定語從句和非限制性定語從句區(qū)別 區(qū)別一：形式上不同區(qū)別一：形式上不同限定性定語從句主句和從句之間不限定性定語從句主句和從句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開，口語中使用時(shí)也不停用逗號(hào)隔開，口語中使用時(shí)也不停頓；而非限定性定語從句與主句之頓；而非限定性定語從句與主句之間通常有逗號(hào)隔開，口語中使用時(shí)間通常有逗號(hào)隔開，口語中使用時(shí)有停頓。有停頓。 區(qū)別二：功能不同（最重要的區(qū)別）區(qū)別二：功能不同（最重要的區(qū)別） 限定性定語從句用于對(duì)先

2、行詞的意義進(jìn)行限制和識(shí)別，限定性定語從句用于對(duì)先行詞的意義進(jìn)行限制和識(shí)別，如果去掉，就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清；如果去掉，就會(huì)造成句意不完整或概念不清； 而非限定性定語從句用于對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如而非限定性定語從句用于對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。 People who take physical exercise live longer. 進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長(zhǎng)些。進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人活得長(zhǎng)些。(若把若把從句去掉句子就失去意義從句去掉句子就失去意義) His daughter, who is in Boston now, is comi

3、ng home next week. 他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士他女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓，下星期回來。頓，下星期回來。(若把從句去句子意義仍若把從句去句子意義仍然完整然完整)Discuss the difference His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. His brother who is eighteen years old is a PLA man. 區(qū)別區(qū)別：A句：他的哥哥是個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士，現(xiàn)句：他的哥哥是個(gè)解放軍戰(zhàn)士，現(xiàn)今十八歲。今十八歲。(說明他只有一個(gè)哥哥說明他只有一個(gè)哥哥) B句：他那個(gè)十八歲的哥哥是位解放句：他那個(gè)十八歲的

4、哥哥是位解放軍。軍。(說明他還有別的哥哥說明他還有別的哥哥) All the books there, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.那里所有的書都是他寫的那里所有的書都是他寫的, 書里附有漂亮的書里附有漂亮的插圖。插圖。(說明那里沒有除他以外的人寫的書說明那里沒有除他以外的人寫的書) All the books there which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. 那里所有附插圖的書都是他寫的。那里所有附插圖的書都是他寫的。(暗示

5、沒暗示沒有附插圖的書不是他寫的有附插圖的書不是他寫的) 區(qū)別三：翻譯不同區(qū)別三：翻譯不同 在翻譯定語從句時(shí)，一般把限定性定語從在翻譯定語從句時(shí)，一般把限定性定語從句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非句翻譯在它所修飾的先行詞之前，而把非限定性定語從句與主句分開。如：限定性定語從句與主句分開。如： He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是他就是汽車被竊的那個(gè)人。汽車被竊的那個(gè)人。 Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀請(qǐng)了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。我邀請(qǐng)了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。 區(qū)別四：先行詞不同區(qū)別四：先行詞不

6、同限定性定語從句限定性定語從句的先行詞的先行詞只能是名詞或代只能是名詞或代詞詞， 而而非限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句的先行詞則的先行詞則可以是名可以是名詞或代詞，也可以是短語或句子詞或代詞，也可以是短語或句子；如：；如： I know nothing that happened last night. 昨天晚上所發(fā)生的事情，我一點(diǎn)也不知道。昨天晚上所發(fā)生的事情，我一點(diǎn)也不知道。(修飾前面的修飾前面的nothing) He has made great progress, which made us happy. 他進(jìn)步了，這使我們大家都很高他進(jìn)步了，這使我們大家都很高興。興。(說明前面句子的

7、整個(gè)內(nèi)容說明前面句子的整個(gè)內(nèi)容) 另外，當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或另外，當(dāng)先行詞為專有名詞或其他具有獨(dú)一無二性的普通名其他具有獨(dú)一無二性的普通名詞時(shí)，通常要用非限制性定語詞時(shí)，通常要用非限制性定語從句，而不用限制性定語從句。從句，而不用限制性定語從句。區(qū)別五：關(guān)系詞不同區(qū)別五：關(guān)系詞不同關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞thatthat和和whywhy可用于限制性定語從可用于限制性定語從句中，通常不用于非限制性定語從句；句中，通常不用于非限制性定語從句；另外，在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞另外，在限制性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞有時(shí)可以省略有時(shí)可以省略( (如引導(dǎo)詞作賓語，如引導(dǎo)詞作賓語，the the wayway做先行詞做先行詞

8、) )，而在非限制性定語從，而在非限制性定語從句中關(guān)系詞一律不省略。句中關(guān)系詞一律不省略。限制性定語從句限制性定語從句 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句 形式上形式上 不用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。 用逗號(hào)“，”與主句隔開。 意義上意義上 是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。只是對(duì)先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。 譯法上譯法上 譯成先行詞的定語：“的” 通常譯成主句的并列句。 關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞的使用的使用上上 A作賓語時(shí)可省略B可用thatC可用who 代替whom A不可省略B不用thatC不可用who 代替whom Practice A請(qǐng)區(qū)分出下列句子

9、哪些是限制性定語從句，請(qǐng)區(qū)分出下列句子哪些是限制性定語從句，那些是非限制性定語從句那些是非限制性定語從句：1. The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on. 2. His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. 3. China is a country which has a long history. 4. China, which was founded in 1949, is becoming more and more

10、powerful. Exercises A1、All_ is useful to us is good.A、whichB、whatC、thatD、whetherC2、Is this factory _ we visited last week.A、whereB、thatC、whichD、the oneD3、She will never forget the day_ she spent in Beijing.A、whenB、whatC、whichD、whyC4、This is the school _ my father worked 20 years ago.A、thatB、whenC、wh

11、ichD、whereDB5、This is the factory_we visited last year.A、thatB、 in whichC、whatD、the oneA6、The text is one of the most interesting stories_learnt in the past three days.A、that haveB、that have beenC、which hasD、which has beenB1、The college wont take anyone _ eyesight is weak.A、whoB、whoseC、of whomD、whic

12、hBExercises B2、Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used.A、whereB、thatC、of whomD、whichA3、The man _ you are talking is in the next room.A、to whomB、about whomC、about whoD、whomB4、I dont like the way _ he spoke to me.A、by thatB、whatC、by whichD、/D4、I，_ you good friend, will try my be

13、st to help you out.A、who is B、what is C、what am D、who am D5、This is the only thing _ I can do now.A、whatB、whichC、thatD、allC6、Those _ to take part in the game write down your names.A、whoB、who wantC、what wantsD、wantB7、His walking stick, _ he cant walk, was lost yesterday.A、thatB、with whichC、whichD、wit

14、hout whichD8、They have decided to finish their work, _, I think is a wise choice.A、thatB、whatC、whichD、whetherC9、This is the reason _ he told me.A、thatB、whyC、on whichD、for thatA10、This is the last factory _ he used to work at, many workers of _ still have a good relationship with him.A、that; itB、whic

15、h; whomC、that; whichD、which; thatC 1.(限限) Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month. 2.(非非) Hangzhou is a famous city, where many people come to buy tea./ Hangzhou,where many people come to buy tea, is a famous city. 3.(限限) I dont know the reason why she got angry. 4.(限限) The old man to whom you are talking saw some Germans 5.(限限) The woman remembered the day when she saw 6.(非非) St.Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leninggrad. 7.(限限) I remember the soldier who tol