國(guó)際貨代英語(yǔ)完整講義_Unit_10_Ocean_Freight_Ra

1、.國(guó)際貨運(yùn)代理專業(yè)英語(yǔ) Unit 10 Ocean Freight Rates一、海運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)率的類型 (考試重點(diǎn))1-1 課文： Ocean freight rates may be broadly divided into tramp rates and liner freight rates.注釋：freight rate: 海運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)率 broadly: 廣泛，寬廣地，大致上地 divide into: 分為，分成 tramp rate: 不定期船運(yùn)費(fèi)率 liner freight rate: 班輪運(yùn)輸費(fèi)率課文意思：海運(yùn)運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)率可大致上分成不定期船運(yùn)費(fèi)率和班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)率。1. 不定期船費(fèi)率課文：

2、Tramp rates fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demand. In a boom period, the tramp rates rise; in a period of recession, they decline.不定期船費(fèi)率隨航運(yùn)市場(chǎng)的供求關(guān)系而波動(dòng)。在市場(chǎng)繁榮時(shí)期，不定期船費(fèi)率上升，在市場(chǎng)蕭條時(shí)期，費(fèi)率下降(注釋：fluctuate:變動(dòng)，波動(dòng)，漲落 boom: 繁榮 recession: 不景氣，2.班輪運(yùn)輸費(fèi)率課文：Liner freight rates are fixed by shipping confe

3、rences and other liner operators; they are related more to the costs of operation and remain comparatively steady over a period of time. 班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)率由班輪公會(huì)和其他的班輪營(yíng)運(yùn)人確定;他們多與營(yíng)運(yùn)成本密切相關(guān)，在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)保持相對(duì)穩(wěn)定。(注釋：fixed: 固定的，確定的 shipping conference: 班輪公會(huì) liner operator: 班輪營(yíng)運(yùn)人 comparatively: 比較地，相當(dāng)?shù)?steady: 穩(wěn)定的，穩(wěn)固的，堅(jiān)定的 over

4、a period of time: 在一定時(shí)期內(nèi) )二、班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)費(fèi)用的范圍 (考試重點(diǎn))2-1 課文：Freight forwarders are mainly concerned with liner freight rates.注釋：mainly: 大體上，主要地 be concerned with: 和有關(guān)課文意思： 貨運(yùn)代理主要涉及班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)率。2-2 課文：Although the principles on which the liner freight rates are fixed have not been clarified by shipping conferences o

5、r operators, it is evident that the cost of providing such services will cover actual costs and a margin of profit.注釋：although: 盡管，雖然 principle: 原則，法則，原理 clarify: 澄清，闡明 evident: 明顯的，顯然的 actual: 實(shí)際的，真實(shí)的，現(xiàn)行的，目前的 margin: 利潤(rùn)，(時(shí)間、金額的)富余 profit: 利潤(rùn)，益處，得益課文意思：盡管班輪公會(huì)或班輪經(jīng)營(yíng)人對(duì)班輪費(fèi)率的確定原則并不公開(kāi)，但是很顯然，提供班輪服務(wù)的運(yùn)輸成本應(yīng)包括

6、實(shí)際運(yùn)輸成本和利潤(rùn)額度。2-3 課文：The total costs of providing the services consist of fixed costs and variable costs.注釋：total: 總的，全部的，整個(gè)的 consist of: 由組成 fixed cost: 固定成本 variable cost: 可變成本 (variable: 可變的，不定的，易變的)課文意思：這些服務(wù)的全部費(fèi)用由固定成本和可變成本兩個(gè)部分組成。1. 固定成本包含的費(fèi)用1) cost of officers and crew 船員的工資 (officer: 船長(zhǎng) crew: 全體船

7、員)2) insurance 保險(xiǎn)3) repairs and maintenance 維修和保養(yǎng)費(fèi)(repair: 維修，修理 maintenance: 維護(hù)，保養(yǎng))4) stores 物料費(fèi) (stores: 物料)5) administrative costs 管理費(fèi)用 (administrative: 管理的，行政的)6) interests and depreciation 利息以及折舊 (interest: 利息，利益 depreciation: 折舊，貶值，減價(jià)，跌落)2.可變成本包含的費(fèi)用1) cost of fuel 燃料費(fèi) (fuel: 燃料)2) loading and

8、unloading expenses 裝卸費(fèi) (loading: 裝載 unloading: 卸載 = discharge)3) port costs 港口費(fèi)三、決定運(yùn)費(fèi)的因素 (考試重點(diǎn))3-1 課文：When determining the freight rate, the carrier will also consider stowage factor, distance and the age-old principle of “What the traffic can bear”.注釋：determine: 決定，確定，測(cè)定 consider: 考慮，照顧 stowage fac

9、tor: 積載因數(shù)(stowage: 裝載，裝載量 factor: 因素，要素，因數(shù)) distance:距離，在這里引申為“航程” age-old: 古老的 traffic: 運(yùn)輸量，交通量 bear: 負(fù)擔(dān)，承受課文意思：在確定運(yùn)費(fèi)率時(shí)，承運(yùn)人還將考慮積載因數(shù)，航程以及一個(gè)很古老的原則，即“運(yùn)輸所能承受”的原則。3-2 課文：In fact, the principle of “what the traffic can bear” in effect means that commodities which are highly rated subsidize those which ar

10、e rated lower.注釋：in fact: 實(shí)際上 in effect: 有效 commodities: 商品 highly: 高地，非常 rated: 定價(jià)的，額定的 subsidize: 補(bǔ)償，資助課文意思：實(shí)際上，“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則是指高費(fèi)率的商品可以補(bǔ)償較低費(fèi)率的商品。3-3 課文：This principle was more commonly adopted in the past than the “cost of service” principle because of the problems involved in the computation of the

11、actual unit costs.注釋：commonly: 普通地，一般地 adopt: 采用 in the past: 在過(guò)去 cost of service: 服務(wù)成本computation: 計(jì)算，估計(jì) unit: 個(gè)體，(計(jì)量)單位:課文意思：“運(yùn)輸所能承受”原則在過(guò)去比“服務(wù)成本”原則更為普遍的采用，這是由于實(shí)際單位成本計(jì)算時(shí)所涉及到的問(wèn)題。3-4 課文：However, containerization with standardized cargo units has made the calculation of the service cost per unit easie

12、r than heterogeneous break bulk cargoes.注釋：however: 可是，無(wú)論如何，仍然 containerization: 貨柜運(yùn)輸，貨柜裝貨 standardized: 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，定型的 calculation: 計(jì)算，考慮 per unit: 每個(gè)單位 heterogeneous: 不同種類的 break bulk cargo：雜貨，普通貨物課文意思：可是，計(jì)算貨柜運(yùn)輸?shù)臉?biāo)準(zhǔn)貨物單位的服務(wù)成本要比不同種類的普通貨物的服務(wù)成本容易得多。3-5 課文：The carriers are therefore increasingly adopting the “

13、service cost” principle nowadays, particularly with a view to fighting competition.注釋：therefore: 因此，所以 increasingly: 日益，愈加 nowadays: 現(xiàn)今，現(xiàn)在 particularly: 獨(dú)特地，顯著地 with a view to: 著眼于，以為目的，考慮到 fighting: 挑戰(zhàn)性的，適于戰(zhàn)斗的 competition: 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)課文意思：特別考慮到競(jìng)爭(zhēng)因素，因此如今承運(yùn)人日益采用“服務(wù)成本”原則。3-6 課文：The open market rates are also t

14、aken into account. When commodities move in large quantities and are susceptible to charter competition, the rates may be left “open” so that a liner has the option of charging whatever is considered appropriate in the competitive situation.注釋：open market rate:公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)費(fèi)率take into account: 重視，考慮 suscepti

15、ble:易受影響的so that : 所以option: 選擇權(quán) charge: 收費(fèi)，要價(jià) appropriate: 適當(dāng)?shù)?competitive: 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的課文意思：公開(kāi)市場(chǎng)費(fèi)率同樣受到關(guān)注。當(dāng)貨物運(yùn)輸?shù)臄?shù)量大且易受到租船競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的影響時(shí)，為了適合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境，因此費(fèi)率可能會(huì)公開(kāi)，所以班輪運(yùn)輸在運(yùn)費(fèi)價(jià)格方面有了可供選擇的權(quán)利。3-7 課文：The liner rates are also subject to surcharges or adjustment factors which may be levied from time to time in order to enable the s

16、hipping lines to meet certain price variations in their inputs such as currency adjustment factor (CAF), the bunker adjustment factor (BAF) and port congestion surcharges.注釋：be subject to: 受影響的 surcharge:附加費(fèi)用adjustment factor: 調(diào)整因素 levy: 征收 from time to time: 有時(shí) in order to: 為了 enable: 使能夠 shipping

17、line: 航運(yùn)公司 variation: 變化，變更 input: 投入 currency adjustment factor:貨幣貶值調(diào)整因素，貨幣貶值附加費(fèi)bunker adjustment factor: 燃油價(jià)格調(diào)整因素，燃油附加費(fèi) port congestion surcharge: 港口擁擠附加費(fèi)(congestion: 擁塞)課文意思：班輪費(fèi)率也受附加費(fèi)和其他調(diào)節(jié)因素的影響而變化，這些費(fèi)用可能會(huì)被不時(shí)征收以使航運(yùn)公司應(yīng)付投入中的價(jià)格變化，比如貨幣貶值的影響，燃油價(jià)格變化的調(diào)整因素和港口擁擠附加費(fèi)。1.The total costs of providing the service of transportation consist of fixed costs and ( ) -2004年單選題 A. variable costsB. administrative costsC. costs of repairsD. costs of crew答案：A分析：班輪運(yùn)費(fèi)總的費(fèi)用包括固定成本和可變