英語在線課堂---動詞時態(tài)

1、圣泉中學(xué)在線課堂圣泉中學(xué)在線課堂-初中英語初中英語動詞時態(tài)動詞時態(tài)Lecturer: zhangliLecturer: zhangli導(dǎo)言導(dǎo)言 動詞的時態(tài)是安徽中考單項填空的必考點，每年涉及動詞的時態(tài)是安徽中考單項填空的必考點，每年涉及1212道，共考查道，共考查1212次。六大時態(tài)均有涉及，其中一般次。六大時態(tài)均有涉及，其中一般過去時過去時考查考查3 3次、次、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時考查考查3 3次、一般次、一般將來時考將來時考查查2 2次、現(xiàn)在次、現(xiàn)在完成時完成時考查考查2 2次、次、一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時考查考查1 1次、次、過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時考查考查1 1次。語境設(shè)置一般會有時間提示詞，

2、次。語境設(shè)置一般會有時間提示詞，但也會少量設(shè)置根據(jù)語境理解判斷時態(tài)的試題。但也會少量設(shè)置根據(jù)語境理解判斷時態(tài)的試題。判斷下面句子的時態(tài)判斷下面句子的時態(tài)1. My mother always cooks delicious food for me.2. Mrs Zhang is having an English class for the students online.3. I met my best friend in Yonghui Supermarketyesterday.4. It is going to rain next week.5. Over 300 students ha

3、ve already joined in our online class.如何確定句子時態(tài)？如何確定句子時態(tài)？上面上面6 6個句子所涉及的時態(tài)分別是：個句子所涉及的時態(tài)分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，一般過去時一般過去時，一般將來時一般將來時和和現(xiàn)在完成時?，F(xiàn)在完成時。確定時態(tài)的依據(jù)：確定時態(tài)的依據(jù)：1. 1. 時間狀語時間狀語2. 謂語動詞的形式謂語動詞的形式 六大基本時態(tài)六大基本時態(tài) 時態(tài)類型時態(tài)類型 謂語動詞的形式謂語動詞的形式 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時 am/is/are； do/does 一般過去時一般過去時 was/were; did 一般將來時一般將來時 am/

4、is/are going to +be/do will +be/do 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 am/is/are+doing 過去進(jìn)行時過去進(jìn)行時 was/were+doing 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 have/has+done判斷下面句子的時態(tài)判斷下面句子的時態(tài)1. Mary seldom go outside in such hot weather.2. They went on a trip to Guizhou last week.3. The housing price in He fei will keep rising.4. Mr Wang has worked here for 1

5、0 years.5. The students were listening to class carefully at this time yesterday.6. The workers are repairing the building in the sun. 一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時1.1.構(gòu)成：構(gòu)成：動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)形式（當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時）。形式（當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時）。2.2.用法：用法：（1 1）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。）表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。I usually get up at six in the mornin

6、g. (2) 表示客觀和真理表示客觀和真理The earth goes around the sun.(3) 在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，如果主句在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，如果主句用一般將來時，從句就用一般現(xiàn)在時（主將從現(xiàn)）用一般將來時，從句就用一般現(xiàn)在時（主將從現(xiàn)）I will be happy if you _(listen) to English class carefully.3.3.時間標(biāo)志詞時間標(biāo)志詞（1 1）表示頻率的副詞或短語：）表示頻率的副詞或短語：always, sometimes.usually, often, hardly, never, seldom, on

7、ce a week, twice a month, three times a year等。等。（2）表示現(xiàn)在時間的副詞或短語：）表示現(xiàn)在時間的副詞或短語：now, today, on Mondays, in the morning, every day等。等。4. 基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)基本句式結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句肯定句 否定句否定句 一般疑問句一般疑問句am/is/aream/is/are+notbe動詞提到句動詞提到句首首行為動詞行為動詞(do/does)dont/doesnt+動詞原形動詞原形助動詞助動詞do/does放句首放句首Tom is a student. (肯定肯定)Tom isnt a st

8、udent. (否定否定)Is Tom a student? (一般疑問一般疑問)Mary likes playing the piano. (肯定肯定)Mary doesnt like playing the piano. (否定否定)Does Mary like playing the piano? (一般疑問一般疑問)實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練1. John _(clean) his bedroom once a week. 2. My father always_(work) late into the night. 3. I _(do) my homework for three hours

9、every day. 實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練4. -What do you often do at weekends? -I often_ my grandparents. A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. will visit5. Kevin will give less homework to his studentsif he_ a teacher.A. becomes B. become C. become D. becoming實戰(zhàn)演練實戰(zhàn)演練6. There are some flowers in the garden.(改為否改為否定句和一般

10、疑問句定句和一般疑問句)否定：否定：_.疑問：疑問：_.7. Fred plans to work in a charity hospital.(同上同上)否定：否定：_.疑問：疑問：_.一般過去時一般過去時1.1.謂語動詞的形式：謂語動詞的形式：was/were; was/were; 實義動詞的過去式實義動詞的過去式（規(guī)則動詞（規(guī)則動詞+ed; +ed; 不規(guī)則動詞要背誦）不規(guī)則動詞要背誦）2.2.用法：用法：表示過去某個時間或某一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的表示過去某個時間或某一段時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He invited his friends to his birthday

11、 party last Sunday.3. 時間狀語：時間狀語：yesterday, last week, three days ago, in1990, just now, at the age of.等等4. 基本句式結(jié)構(gòu)基本句式結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句肯定句 否定句否定句 一般疑問句一般疑問句was/werewas/were+notbe動詞提到句首動詞提到句首行為動詞行為動詞(did) didnt+動詞原形動詞原形 Did+主語主語+do(動詞原形動詞原形)1. I was at home yesterday. 否：否： 疑：疑：2. He worked in a car factory five

12、years ago. 否：否： 疑：疑：1. I was at home yesterday. 否：否： I wasnt at home yesterday. 疑：疑：Were you at home yesterday?2. He worked in a car factory five years ago. 否否: He didnt work in a car factory five years ago. 疑疑: Did he work in a car factory five years ago?中考再現(xiàn)中考再現(xiàn)1.You_(promise) me to go shopping wi

13、th meyesterday, so you cant break it. 2. -When did you come?-I _(come) here two days ago.3. Mary_ the door and put down her school things. A. opens B. opened C. has opened D. is opening4. The teacher is already standing here. Do you knwo whenshe_.A. comes B. came C. is coming D. was coming中考再現(xiàn)中考再現(xiàn)1.

14、You promised me to go shopping with meyesterday, so you cant break it. 2. -When did you come?-I came here two days ago.3. Mary B the door and put down her school things. A. opens B. opened C. has opened D. is opening4. The teacher is already standing here. Do you knwo whenshe BA. comes B. came C. is

15、 coming D. was coming短文填空短文填空 Last summer vocation, my family_(have) a trip to Inner Mongolia. We_(take) the plane there. My son_(be) very excited because it wasthe first time for him to take a plane. We_(do)a lot of interesting activities there. On the first, we _(enjoy)the blue sky and the green g

16、rass. Then we_(visit) the science museum. After that, we _(eat) the traditional food of Inner Mongolia-roast mutton.The next day, we_(ride) horses and _(play)with the sand at the Ringing Sand. We_(spend) the night in a Mongolian yurt. We had a wonderful time there.短文填空短文填空 Last summer vocation, my f

17、amily had (have) a trip to Inner Mongolia. We took (take) the plane there. My son was (be) very excited because it wasthe first time for him to take a plane. We did (do)a lot of interesting activities there. On the first, we enjoyed (enjoy)the blue sky and the green grass. Then we visited (visit) th

18、e science museum. After that, we ate (eat) the traditional food of Inner Mongolia-roast mutton.The next day, we rode (ride) horses and played (play)with the sand at the Ringing Sand. We spent(spend) the night in a Mongolian yurt. We had a wonderful time there.一般將來時一般將來時1.謂語動詞的形式：謂語動詞的形式：will（shall用于

19、第一人稱）用于第一人稱）+動詞原形動詞原形; be going to+動詞原形動詞原形2.用法用法: (1)表示表示將要將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般用發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，一般用will+動詞原形動詞原形.(2)表示計劃，打算做某事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的表示計劃，打算做某事，或有某種跡象表明要發(fā)生的事，一般用事，一般用be going to.I am going to work hard next term.Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.(3) 表示位移的動詞如：表示位移的動詞如：go, come, lea

20、ve, start, arrive,等等用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示即將發(fā)生的事。用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示即將發(fā)生的事。 Sam is leaving for Shanghai tomorrow.(4) 在以在以if, as soon as, unless等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時（主句用一般將來時，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時（主將從現(xiàn)主將從現(xiàn)）I will go jogging in the park if it doesnt rain tomorrow.3. 時間狀語：時間狀語：tomorrow, next month, soon, in 10 minutes,

21、in 2050等等 What will you be like in 20 years?4. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)基本結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句肯定句 否定句否定句 一般疑問句一般疑問句be going to dobe not going to dobe動詞提到句動詞提到句首首will/shall dowont/shant dowill/shall提到提到句首句首1. He is going to play tennis with Kate this afternoon.否定：否定：_.疑問：疑問：_.2. President Obama will visit China next Monday.否定：否定：_.疑問：

22、疑問：_.實戰(zhàn)演練：實戰(zhàn)演練：將下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵话阋蓡柧鋵⑾铝芯渥幼優(yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵话阋蓡柧?. He is going to play tennis with Kate this afternoon. 否否:He isnt going to play tennis with Kate this afternoon 疑疑:Is he going to play tennis with Kate this .2. President Obama will visit China next Monday.否否:President Obama wont visit China next Monda

23、y疑疑:Will President Obama visit China next Monday實戰(zhàn)演練：實戰(zhàn)演練：將下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵话阋蓡柧鋵⑾铝芯渥幼優(yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵话阋蓡柧?. 特別拓展：特別拓展：There be 句型的一般將來時句型的一般將來時There will be.There is going to be.There_ a football match in our school next week.A. is going to have B. will have C. is going D. will be實戰(zhàn)演練：實戰(zhàn)演練： I think, in the future,

24、 our life_(be) different from now. People _(not do) any hard jobs, because robots can help us. I_(have) at least two robots. One will help me do some cooking. The other one_(do) all the housework. Then I_(have) enough time to enjoy myself. Students_(not study) at school but at home. They _(have) les

25、sons at 10:00 in the morning. There_(not be) money, because everything _(be) free. I _(travel) all over the world and _(fly) to the moon by rocket. We never know what will happen in the future, but I strongly believe it_(become) better and better. 實戰(zhàn)演練：實戰(zhàn)演練： I think, in the future, our life will be

26、(be) different from now. People wont do (not do) any hard jobs, because robots can help us. I will have (have) at least two robots. One will help me do some cooking. The other one will do (do) all the housework. Then I will have (have) enough time to enjoy myself. Students wont study (not study) at

27、school but at home. They will have (have) lessons at 10:00 in the morning. There wont be (not be) money, because everything will be (be) free. I will travel (travel) all over the world and fly (fly) to the moon by rocket. We never know what will happen in the future, but I strongly believe it will b

28、ecome (become) better and better. 進(jìn)行時態(tài)進(jìn)行時態(tài)1. 1. 謂語動詞的構(gòu)成形式：謂語動詞的構(gòu)成形式：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：am/is/are + doing(動詞的現(xiàn)動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在分詞)過去進(jìn)行時：過去進(jìn)行時：was/were+doing2. 用法：用法：（1） 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：a. 表示現(xiàn)在（即說話瞬間）表示現(xiàn)在（即說話瞬間）正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作。或發(fā)生的動作。 Jack is watching TV now.b. 表示表示當(dāng)前一段時間當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)或內(nèi)或現(xiàn)階段現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作或持正在進(jìn)行的動作或持續(xù)的狀態(tài)。續(xù)的狀態(tài)。Were st

29、udying hard this summer vocation.c. 有些動詞如表示感覺的有些動詞如表示感覺的感官動詞感官動詞（如（如: see, hear, notice.）和表示）和表示態(tài)度、情感、心理狀態(tài)態(tài)度、情感、心理狀態(tài)的詞（如：的詞（如：like, want, hope, know, agree, believe.）無進(jìn)行時。無進(jìn)行時。（2）過去進(jìn)行時：）過去進(jìn)行時：a. 表示過去某一時刻或某一時間段表示過去某一時刻或某一時間段正在進(jìn)行的動作。正在進(jìn)行的動作。 What were you doing at eight oclock last night?b. 在含有在含有when

30、或或while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中。 What were you doing when the teacher came in?3. 3. 時間狀語：時間狀語：（1）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時的時間狀語：now, at present, these days 或暗示詞或暗示詞：look,listen, can you hear.eg:Look! The twins are helping their mother doing housework.(2) 過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語過去進(jìn)行時的時間狀語：at this time yesterday, at th

31、at time, at 7 oclock;以以when和和while 引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。eg:-What were you doing at 7 yesterday evening?- I was preparing the class.4. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句肯定句 否定句否定句 一般疑問句一般疑問句am/is/are+doingam/is/are+not+doingbe動詞提到句首動詞提到句首was/were+doingwas/were+not+doingbe動詞提到句首動詞提到句首實戰(zhàn)演練：實戰(zhàn)演練：將下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵话阋蓡柧鋵⑾铝芯渥幼優(yōu)榉穸ň浜鸵?/p>

32、般疑問句1. We are having an English class now. 否定：否定：_.疑問：疑問：_.2. They were cleaning the classroom at this time yesterday.否定：否定：_.疑問：疑問：_.中考在線：中考在線：1. Look! The passenger in front of you _(play) his computer.2. Be quiet, please. The baby _(sleep) now.3. She _(chat) with her friends online at five yester

33、day afternoon.4. I _(watch) TV when my aunt reached my home.5. -Hello! Is that Emily speaking? - Sorry, this is Jack, Emilys son. My mother_ in the kitchen.A. cooks B. cooked C. is cooking D. has cooked 6. -I called you this morning, but nobody answered it. -Oh, we_ some running in the park.A. are d

34、oing B. were doing C. have done D. did7. While the girl_, the alien got out.A. is shopping B. was shopping C. shopped D. went shopping中考在線：中考在線：現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時1. 1. 謂語動詞的構(gòu)成形式：謂語動詞的構(gòu)成形式：have/has + done(動詞的過去分詞動詞的過去分詞)2. 用法：用法：（1） 表示過去發(fā)生的事或已經(jīng)完成的動作對表示過去發(fā)生的事或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果?，F(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。-Have you had your l

35、unch yet?-Yes, I have. Ive just had it.(現(xiàn)在不餓了現(xiàn)在不餓了)（2）表示在過去某一時間開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，）表示在過去某一時間開始的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常和表示一段時間的狀語連并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常和表示一段時間的狀語連用（用（since, for），）， I have been at this school for over ten years. How long have you studied in this school?注意：常見的短暫性動詞在與注意：常見的短暫性動詞在與for/since等表示段時間連等表示段

36、時間連用時，要轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞用時，要轉(zhuǎn)化為相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞 He has become a CEO for 5 years. He has been a CEO for 5 years. 常用的非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化常用的非延續(xù)性動詞與延續(xù)性動詞的轉(zhuǎn)化borrowkeep buyhave beginbe on diebe dead come/arrivebe in/hereleavebe away closebe closedopenbe open joinbe in/ be a member offall asleepbe asleep marrybe married1.Th

37、e film_(begin) ten minutes ago.The film_(begin) for ten minutes.2.The famous writer _(die) in 2015.The famous writer_(die) for one year.3. 3. 時間狀語：時間狀語：already, just, yet, before, so far, in the past/last ten years, for three days, since 1998, since+一般過去時一般過去時4. 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 肯定句肯定句 否定句否定句 一般疑問句一般疑問句ha

38、ve/has +been/donehave/has not+been/done助動詞助動詞have/has提到句首提到句首 現(xiàn)在完成時要注意的兩點現(xiàn)在完成時要注意的兩點1. have been to, have gone to, have been in的區(qū)別的區(qū)別have been to 去過某地（說話時已回來），后可接次去過某地（說話時已回來），后可接次數(shù)數(shù)once, twice等；等；have gone to 去了某地（說話時還沒回來）去了某地（說話時還沒回來）have been in 在某地呆多久，常與時間狀語連用在某地呆多久，常與時間狀語連用 用用have been to, have

39、 gone to, have been in填空填空(1) My father has_ Beijing twice.(2) Mr Wang isnt here. He has_ Qingdao.(3) I have _ Hefei for ten years.現(xiàn)在完成時要注意的兩點現(xiàn)在完成時要注意的兩點2. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(1) He _(live) here in 1992.(2) He _(live) here since 1992.區(qū)別區(qū)別1：過去時需有過去時需有明確的明確的過去時間狀語，而完成時則沒有。過去時間狀語，而完成時則沒有。(3) I

40、 lost my pen yesterday. (我昨天把鋼筆丟了，只表示我昨天把鋼筆丟了，只表示“丟丟”這件事，這件事，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))(4) I have lost my pen. (我把鋼筆丟了，表示過去丟的，強(qiáng)調(diào)我把鋼筆丟了，表示過去丟的，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在還沒找到或還沒找到或現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在我沒鋼筆用了我沒鋼筆用了)區(qū)別區(qū)別2：過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間，而完成時則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間，而完成時則強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對生的動作對現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在造成的影響或后果造成的影響或后果現(xiàn)在完成時要注意的兩點現(xiàn)在完成時要注意的兩點2. 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(5) We _(learn) English two years ago. (6) We have _(learn) English for two years.區(qū)別區(qū)別3：完成時可以表示過去的動作持續(xù)到完成時可以表示過去的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在，而，而過去時只能表示過去發(fā)生的動作，過去