高中英語語法時態(tài)知識點與練習訓練

1、WORD格式時態(tài)一一般現(xiàn)在時的用法1) 經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作，常與表示頻腮度的時間狀語連用。時間狀語：every , sometimes,at , on SundayI leave home for school at 7 every morning.2) 客觀真理，客觀存在，科學事實。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.3) 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall.驕者必敗。注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語從句中，即使主句是過去時，從句謂語也要用一般現(xiàn)在時。例： Colum

2、bus proved that the earth is round.4) 現(xiàn)在時刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個性。I dont want so much.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.二一般過去時的用法1在確定的過去時間里所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。時間狀語有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。Where did you go just now2表示在過去一段時間內(nèi)，經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。When I was a child, I ofte

3、n played football in the street.Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3句型：It is time for sb. to do sth 到時間了 該 了 It is time sb. did sth. 時間已遲了 早該了 It is time for you to go to bed.你該睡覺了。It is time you went to bed.你早該睡覺了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示 寧愿某人做某事Id

4、rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope等用過去時，作試探性的詢問、請求、建議等。I thought you might have some.我以為你想要一些。注意：專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式5用過去時表示現(xiàn)在，表示委婉語氣。1動詞want, hope, wonder, think, intendDid you want anything elseI wondered if you could help me.2情態(tài)動詞could, would.Could you lend me your bike3 used to / be u

5、sed to等。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式used to + do： 過去常常 表示過去習慣性的動作或狀態(tài)，但如今已不存在。Mother used not to be so forgetful.Scarf used to take a walk.(過去常常散步 )be used to + doing ： 對 已感到習慣， 或 習慣于 ，to 是介詞，后需加名詞或動名詞。He is used to a vegetarian diet.Scarf is used to taking a walk.( 現(xiàn)在習慣于散步)典型例題- Your phone number again I _ quite ca

6、tch it.- Its 69568442.A. didntB. couldntC. dontD. cant答案 A. 本句雖沒有明確的時間狀語，但從語意上看出，在聽的時候沒有聽懂這個動作發(fā)生在過去，因此應(yīng)用過去時。三一般將來時1) shall 用于第一人稱，常被 will 所代替。will在陳述句中用于各人稱，在爭求意見時常用于第二人稱。Which paragraph shall I read first.Will you be at home at seven this evening2) be going to + 不定式，表示將來。 a. 主語的意圖，即將做某事。What are yo

7、u going to do tomorrowb. 方案，安排要發(fā)生的事。The play is going to be produced next month 。c. 有跡象要發(fā)生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be +不定式表將來，按方案或正式安排將發(fā)生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +不定式，意為馬上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意： be about to 不能與tom

8、orrow, next week等表示明確將來時的時間狀語連用。5 一般現(xiàn)在時表將來以下動詞： come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return 的一般現(xiàn)在時表將來。這主要用來表示在時間上已確定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes.倒裝句，表示動作正在進展，如：Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.There goes the bell. = The bell

9、 is ringing.在時間或條件句中。When Bill comes ( 不是 will come), ask him to wait for me.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there.在動詞hope, take care that, make sure that 等后。I hope they have a nice time next week.Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room.6 用現(xiàn)在進展時表示將來意為： 意圖 、 打

10、算 、 安排 、常用于人。常用詞為come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。Im leaving tomorrow.Are you staying here till next week四 .現(xiàn)在進展時現(xiàn)在進展時的根本用法：a. 表示現(xiàn)在 ( 指說話人說話時) 正在發(fā)生的事情。We are waiting for you.b. 習慣進展：表示長期的或重復(fù)性的動作，說話時動作未必正在進展。Mr. Green is writing another novel.(說話時并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。)She is learning piano under Mr. Sm

11、ith.c. 表示漸變的動詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.d. 與 always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。You are always changing your mind.典型例題My dictionary _, I have looked for it everywhere but still_ it.A. has lost, do

12、nt find B. is missing, dont find C. has lost, havent found D. is missing, havent found.答案 D. 前句是一個仍在持續(xù)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)用進展時，由于沒有找到，其影響仍然存在，應(yīng)用完成時，瞬間動詞用于否認式時可用于完成時。五過去進展時1 概念：表示過去某時正在進展的狀態(tài)或動作。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式2 過去進展時的主要用法是描述一件事發(fā)生的背景；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式作發(fā)生。3) 常用的時間狀語專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式this morning, the whole morning,

13、 all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. It was raining when they left the station.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式六 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動作或狀態(tài)， 其結(jié)果確實和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去，但它

14、的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；也可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。其構(gòu)成：have (has) +過去分詞。1. 比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時1過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純表達過去的事情，強調(diào)動作； 現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。2過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday, last week， ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till

15、 / until, up to now, in past years, always,3現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的， 如 live, teach, learn,work, study, know.過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等。舉例：I saw this film yesterday.強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。I have seen this film.強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。She has returned from Paris.她已從巴

16、黎回來了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回來了。比較一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時：一般過去時表示的動作或狀態(tài)都已成為過去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。Christine was an invalid all her life.(含義：她已不在人間。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含義：她現(xiàn)在還活著)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含義：達比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.( 含義：現(xiàn)

17、在還住在肯塔基州，有可能指剛離去)2.句子中如有過去時的時間副詞如yesterday, last, week, in 1960 時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式錯 Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.對 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.3. 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型1 It is the first / second time構(gòu)造中.的that從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。It is the first time that I have visited

18、the city.It was the third time that the boy had been late.2 This is the that構(gòu)造， that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時.This is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.這是我看過的最好的電影。This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1) -Do you know our town at all- No, this is the first time I _ here.A. wasB. have be

19、enC. cameD. am coming答案 B. This is the first time后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，應(yīng)選B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before-No, its the first time I _ here.A. even, comeB. even, have comeC. ever, comeD. ever, have come專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。This is the專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式largest fish I have ever

20、seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause的句型中，從句要用完成時。注意：非延續(xù)性動詞的否認形式可以與表示延續(xù)時間的狀語連用。即動作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。錯 I have received his letter for a month.對 I havent received his letter for almost a month.典型例題1. You dont need to describe her. I _ her several times.A. had metB. have metC. metD. meet專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式

21、答案B. 首先此題后句強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次，several專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式2.-Im sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I _ here only a few minutes.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式A. have beenB. had beenC. wasD. will be專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式答案 A. 等待的動作由過去開場，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時。七 過去完成時1 概念：表示過去的過去專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式-|-|-

22、|- 那時以前 那時其構(gòu)成是現(xiàn)在had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式2 用法專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式a. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等動詞后的賓語從句。She said (that) she had never been to Paris.b. 狀語從句在過去不同時間發(fā)生的兩個動作中，發(fā)生在先，用過去完成時；發(fā)生在后，用一般過去時。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.c. 表示意向的動詞，如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, s

23、uppose 等，用過去完成時表示 原本，未能We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt.3) 過去完成時的時間狀語 before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as 。He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests

24、 had left when he arrived at the party.典型例題The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, left B， were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left答案 D. 把書忘在辦公室發(fā)生在 去取書 這一過去的動作之前，因此忘了書 這一動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。句中when 表示的是時間的一點，表示在 同學們正忙

25、于這一背景下，when 所引導(dǎo)的動作發(fā)生。因此前一句應(yīng)用過去進展時。注意：had no when還沒等 就had no sooner than剛 就He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it.典型例題1) Mary _ a dress when she cut her finger.A. madeB. is makingC. was makingD. makes答案 C. 割傷手指是已發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用過去時。同時，when 表時間的同時性，瑪麗在做衣服時 提供事情發(fā)生的背景，因此用過去進展時。2) As she _ the newspaper

26、, Granny _ asleep.A. read ； was fallingB. was reading ； fellC. was reading； was fallingD. read； fell答案 B.句中的 as = when, while ，意為 當之時 。描述一件事發(fā)生的背景時，用過去進展；一個長動作發(fā)生的時候，另一個短動作發(fā)生。句意為 在她看報紙時，奶奶睡著了。 句中的fell (fall的過去時 )，是系動詞，后跟形容詞，如：fall sick 。八、現(xiàn)在完成進展時專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式1、現(xiàn)在完成進展時的定義專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式現(xiàn)在完成進展時表示某動作從過去某個時間開

27、場，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還有可能持續(xù)下去。如：Those cats have been screaming forhours. 那些貓叫了半天了。We have been waitingfor him fortwo hours. 我們等他等了兩個小時。The dollar has been climbingsteadily all week. 整個星期美元一直在穩(wěn)步增值。2、現(xiàn)在完成進展時的構(gòu)造現(xiàn)在完成進展時由“ have/ has been + 現(xiàn)在分詞 構(gòu)成。如：Sales have been droppingoff badly. 銷售量一直減少得很厲害。I have been waiti

28、ngforan hour and a half. 我一直等了一個半小時了。We ll have been livinghere for two years by next Sunday. 到下星期日，我們在這里就住了整兩年了。3、現(xiàn)在完成進展時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別（ 1.現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)動作的完成，而現(xiàn)在完成進展時強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)，因此，表示動作的完成，只能用現(xiàn)在完成時，而不能用現(xiàn)在完成進展時。如：He has changed his idea. 他改變了想法。(fromyygrammar)（ 2.在表示動作的延續(xù)時，雖然既可用現(xiàn)在完成時，也可用現(xiàn)在完成進展時，但現(xiàn)在完成進展時強調(diào)動作的進展。 因此

29、在需要明確表示動作還要持續(xù)下去時， 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進展時。如：We have been studying here for twoyears. 我們在這兒已經(jīng)學習了兩年了。1 (2021年*一中階段測試)The teacher told us that light _faster thansound.A traveled B had traveledCis traveling Dtravels解析：句意：教師告訴我們：光比聲音速度快。從句中陳述的是客觀真理，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。答案： D2 (2021年*東營勝利一中模擬) What were you doing when Lucy _inyest

30、erday專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式I had just finished my homework and _to take a shower.A dropping； start Bhad dropped； startedCdropped； have started D dropped； was starting解析：句意：昨天 Lucy來訪的時候你在干什么？ 我 ( 那時 ) 剛寫完作業(yè)正要開場洗澡。第一空后面有yesterday所以用一般過去時；第二空強調(diào)那時正要做某事。答案： D專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式3 (2021年高考預(yù)測卷)I _to go for a walk， but someo

31、ne called and I專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式couldnt get away.專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式A was planning B plannedChad planned Dwould plan解析：句意：我本打算去散步， 但是有人打， 所以我沒能去。 plan是在 called和 couldnt之前發(fā)生的動作，所以用過去完成時。答案： C4 (2021年高考預(yù)測卷 ) Thank God！ Its a fine day.The rain _！But I dont know how long it will stay fine.A is stopping B has stoppe

32、dCstopped D will stop解析：句意：感謝上帝！天氣很好，雨停了！ 但我不知道好天氣能持續(xù)多久。從Its afine day.可知，現(xiàn)在天氣很好，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時，表示對現(xiàn)在的影響。專業(yè)資料整理WORD格式答案： B5 (2021年東北四市聯(lián)考) Mom ， where is my lunch packJust where it _.A has been B had beenCwas D be解析：句意：媽媽，我的午飯盒在哪里？在老地方。 A 項的現(xiàn)在完成時表述的是現(xiàn)在的情況，而 B 項表述的是“過去的過去 ，這兩項都與題意不符；用一般過去時表述：原來的地方。答案： C6 (2

33、021年*二次調(diào)研) Will you be able to see Jennifers parents when thefirst class is overIm afraid not.I _a lecture on British literature in the hall.A will attend B am attendingCwill be attending D am going to attend解析：句意：第一節(jié)課后你能去見Jennifer的父母嗎？ 恐怕不行。我那時將正在大廳聽一場英國文學的講座。will be doing是將來進展時，表示將來某一時刻或某段時間內(nèi)正在進展的動作或