主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)記憶口訣

1、百度文庫-讓每個人平等地提升自我主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài)記憶口訣一般情況要熟記，“be過去分詞”常用起，過去現(xiàn)在只變be,將來時態(tài)更易記，前面用上will/would 即，情態(tài)動詞大家族，寫在其前就完畢，完成時態(tài)不難記，have/had been + 過去分詞，進行時態(tài)要留意，be being + 過去分詞，特殊情況要心細，感官、使役to提起，一般現(xiàn)、過用be done , be有人稱、時、數(shù)變。完成時態(tài)have done ,被動將 been加中間。一般將來 shall (will) do ,被動變 do 為 be done。將來進行無被動， shall (will) be doing,現(xiàn)在完成進行

2、同， have (has) been doing ?，F(xiàn)、過進行 be doing, 被動 be 力口 being done 。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。否定助后加not ,疑問一助置主前。主語恰是疑問詞，直陳語序主在前。一般情助加be done ,雙賓多將間賓變。復(fù)合賓語賓變主，賓補、主補相應(yīng)變。第二句"be有人稱、時、數(shù)變"即be有人稱、時態(tài)和單、復(fù)數(shù)的變化。 "情助”是指情態(tài)動 詞和助動詞 must, may can, shall , will等一律隨新主語（多是主動句中的賓語）來變化。 "疑問一助置主前"是說有兩個助動詞的話，

3、應(yīng)把主語放在第一助動詞之后或把第一助動詞置 于主語之前。下面詳細舉例說明之。一般現(xiàn)、過用be done, be 有人稱、時、數(shù)變例：1、主動： The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.被動： The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.孩子們熱烈地歡迎外賓。2、主動： People regard him as brilliant.被動： He is regarded as brilliant by people.人們認為他很有才華。以上兩例都是一般時態(tài)用

4、be done的例子，be有人稱、時、數(shù)變，第三人稱foreign friends是復(fù)數(shù)，時態(tài)一般過去時，所以 "be done"就是were given ,而People regard him as brilliant 一句，被動后的"be done"就變成單數(shù)第三人稱is regarded的形式了。被動：This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. （was delivered即般過去時的被動態(tài) ）這篇講演是王的發(fā)言。There was a serious train accident near the bor

5、der. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.邊境發(fā)生嚴(yán)重列車事故，二人死亡，十二人受傷。A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.直言不諱的人才是真正誠實的人。A note was passed up to the speaker.有人給講演者遞上來一張紙條。John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.喬治被選為班長而代替了亨利。Volcanoes are described as active,

6、 dormant or extinct.火山被描述為活的, 沉睡著的，或者死的。The soldier was killed, but the train was saved.這位戰(zhàn)士犧牲了，然而列車得救了。He was thought to be clever but dishonest.他被認為很聰明但不誠實。The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.美國的第一個動物園是1874年建立的。Families were often broken up; wives were taken aw

7、ay from their husbands and children from their parents.家庭被拆散，妻兒被奪走。The information is urgently needed.急需這個資料。Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past.多數(shù)環(huán)境污染問題的存在，是因為過去沒有采取適當(dāng)?shù)谋Ｗo措施。完成時態(tài)have done ,被動將 been加中間。（過去完成時 had done也包括在內(nèi)）。例：1、主動

8、： Wehave studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.被動： English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school. （have隨新主語變?yōu)?has）我們已經(jīng)在夜校里斷斷續(xù)續(xù)地學(xué)了三年英語了。2、主動：They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.被動：100 tractors had been produced by the end of last

9、 year.到去年年底我們已生產(chǎn)出一百臺拖拉機。3、主動： They have set up a power station in their home town.被動： A power station has been set up in their home town.他們的家鄉(xiāng)建立了一座發(fā)電站。4、主動： They have warned us to be careful of rats.被動： We have been warned to be careful of rats.他們已提醒我們要注意老鼠。5、主動： People have piled plastic bags full

10、of rubbish in streets.被動：Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.人們把裝滿垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。6、主動： We have used nuclear energy to produce electricity.被動： Nuclear energy has been used to produce electricity.核能已用來發(fā)電。7、主動： No one has ever beaten him at tennis.被動： He has never been beaten at tenni

11、s.就網(wǎng)球來說還沒有人是他的對手。（No one涉及到全否定和部分否定問題，見否定一講）The person who owns the gun may try to deny that he has used it. But anyone seeing the smoke knows the gun has just been fired.有槍的人會極力否認他開了槍。但是任何看到槍煙（槍冒白煙）的人都會知道剛才開了槍。Today is Cilia's wedding font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccf

12、fff"day/font, she has just been married to Danel.今天是西麗亞的新婚日，她剛剛和丹尼爾結(jié)婚。The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.演講委員會已宣布了這些講演的題目。過去完成時也是一樣：主動：Somebody had cleaned my shoes.被動：My shoes had been cleaned by somebody.有人早已把我的鞋子擦了。When I returned I found that they ha

13、d towed (toud) my car away, I asked why theyhad done this and they told me that id was because I had parked it under a "No Parking Sign".被動： my car had been towed away. I asked why this had been done and told that .it had been parked under a "No Parking Sign".當(dāng)我回來時，發(fā)現(xiàn)我的車被弄走了。我問他們

14、為啥這么于。他們告訴我說因為我把車于停在"禁止停車"的禁區(qū)。主動： They had build three ships by last December.被動： By last December three ships had been built by them.到去年年底他們已建造了三艘船。Research had been centred on the improvement of natural building materials before synthetics were created.合成材料造出之前，研究工作集中在改進天然建筑材料上。He did no

15、t say if all those steel pipes had been examined.他并沒有說那些鋼管者 B檢驗過沒有。After plastic had been created, engineers were given a muchwide choice of materials.塑料發(fā)明之后，工程師們在材料選擇上有了更廣闊的途徑。一般將來 shall (will) do ,被動變 do 為 be done即由 shall do 或 will do 變?yōu)?shall done 或 will be done 。例： 主動 ：We shall build several big

16、 modern power plants in our city next year.被動: Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.過年我市將建立幾座大型現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)電廠。(shall do 中的shall要隨新主語變?yōu)?will, do 為be done.)王動：I shall send my second boy to school next September.被動： My second boy will be sent to school next September.過年九月我將送我次子去

17、讀書。主動：In order to fool people cheaps and swindlers will make such bricks out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold.被動: Such bricks will be made out of lead covering the "lead brick" with gold by cheaps and swindlers.設(shè)法騙錢的商人和騙子們將通過把"鉛磚"外面鍍上一層金來做這樣的"金磚"。主動

18、： They will ask you a lot of strange questions.被動：You will be asked a lot of strange questions.他們將問你許多怪題。被動句中的by引出的賓語，一般說來，如果是人稱代詞你、我、他等，均可省略， someone no one不由by來引出。如果是名詞不能省略，但當(dāng)今英語也都可省略了。主動： The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.被動： More space explorations will be made i

19、n the future by the Chinese people.中國人民在將來將進行更多的空間探索。同樣After a period of use, the batteries should be changed.電池使用段時間后，應(yīng)該更換。Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue; BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"day/font time.通常是晝夜供電，明

20、天白天將停電。More peaceful uses will be found for nuclear explosives in the future.在將來會發(fā)現(xiàn)更多的和平利用核爆炸的途徑。More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now.從現(xiàn)在起要使這些奇跡在短時間內(nèi)成為現(xiàn)實還需要做更多的艱苦工作。e true 使成為事實 ；come true 做賓補（見感使動詞口訣）。The machine will not be used again.這機器不能再用了。Will m

21、ore gas be needed?需要更多的煤氣嗎 ？但如果是一般過去將來時如何處理呢？請記下面口訣：一般過去將來時，過去某時將發(fā)生。主動 should (would) do ,被動 be done 代原形。將來進行無被動，現(xiàn)在完成進行同。主動： A few days ago we were still not quite sure whether we should carry out the new plan ahead of time.被動：.whether the new plan would be carried out ahead of time.幾天前，我們還不能肯定能否提前執(zhí)

22、行新的計劃。主動：I did not say that we would change the equipment.被動：I did not say that the equipment would be changed.我并沒說過，我們將換掉那臺設(shè)備。主動： My supervisor told me that he would give mea special tutorial a few days ago. 被動： My supervisor told me that a special tutorial would be given to mea few days ago.幾天前，我的

23、導(dǎo)師說他將對我進行個別輔導(dǎo)。主動:I never thought that be would bring me the information so early.被動：I never thought that the information would be brought to me so early.我決沒想到他那么早就會把資料帶給我。將來進行無被動，shall (will) be doing,現(xiàn)在完成進行同.have (has) been doing,即將來進行時表示動作在將來某一時刻或某個階段正在進行現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示某-行為發(fā)生在過去.延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可能還要延續(xù)下去。兩種時態(tài)則不用被動

24、語態(tài)。例； Wehope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (將來進行時)我們希望貴公司早些派一名工程師來檢查這臺設(shè)備。In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere.(4哥來進行時)幾分鐘后我們的客機將在同溫層中飛行。We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power.我們

25、希望科學(xué)家們將發(fā)掘新的能源來滿足能量的需要。（將來進行時）What will you be doing this evening?今晚你將做什么 ？（將來進行時）I have been living in Anshan Since 1980.（現(xiàn)在完成進行時）1980年以來，我一直住在鞍山。How long have you been studying English?你學(xué)英語多久了 ?（現(xiàn)在完成進行時）We have been waiting at the airport for the font id=Mark style="COLOR: #ee6600;BACKGROUND-C

26、OLOR: yellow"whole/font font id=Mark style="COLOR: blue;BACKGROUND-COLOR: #ccffff"day/font because of the thick fog.由于大霧，我們已經(jīng)在機場等了一整天了。（現(xiàn)在完成進行時）Since then, applied mathematicians have been coping successfully with many problems in astronony.從那時以來，應(yīng)用數(shù)學(xué)家成功地處理了許多天文學(xué)上的問題。（現(xiàn)在完成進行時）以上均無被動態(tài)。

27、現(xiàn)、過進行 be doing , 被動 be力口 being done即現(xiàn)在進行時或過去進行時都是be的人稱、時和數(shù)的形式加doing。而被動態(tài)則是be加上being done的形式，being是不變的。現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時的被動態(tài)是被動態(tài)個的重點， 容易搞錯。例如：主動： The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.被動： The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired

28、 by the workers.工人們正在維修東北工學(xué)院主樓。Two reservoirs are being built at the same time.兩座水庫同時建造。The nasty question is being considered by the committee members.委員會的委員們正在考慮那個棘手的問題，A cir（uit d 朗 i8ni 566inf m6J6bythetR8Incers .工程師們正搞電路設(shè)計。Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas.設(shè)備和食

29、品正在空運到災(zāi)區(qū)。The buildong of another fly-over is being planned.他們在計戈 U修建另一座跨線橋。We coudld not get through because the February 19th Road was being repaired.我們過不去，因二.一九路正維修呢。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律隨新主語變。帶情態(tài)動詞和助動詞等的被動態(tài)如何處理比較復(fù)雜。要隨新的主語來變化，這些詞如can,could ; will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；

30、have to不得不； be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：下回書接續(xù)！接上回書！主動：We must keep this in mind.被動： This must be kept in mind.我們必須把這個記在心里。主動： We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.)被動： The refrigerator can be put in that place.我們可以把電冰箱放在那個地方。主動： We shall not use

31、 the washing machine again.被動： The washing machine will not be used again.我們不能再用那臺洗衣機了。原來的謂語shall use 被動態(tài)中隨新主語變?yōu)閣ill .主動：We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.被動：More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall變 will)我們將采取更多的措施來防止腐蝕。I ought to be criticized for it.我應(yīng)該為此受到批評 .All t

32、his has to be solved with great care.這一切得認真解決。The lobby is going to be rebuilt.門廳將重建。The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow.展覽會將明 日開放。再如：主動： We shall have to adopt a different attitude.被動： A different attitude will have to be adopted.我們將不得不采取另一種態(tài)度.主動： You are to leave the bag here.被動：The bag is to

33、be left here. （are to隨新主語變?yōu)?is to）你應(yīng)把包裹放在這兒。主動： They used to start these engines by hand.被動： These engines used to be started by hand.過去他們用手啟動馬達。主動：We are going to paint the wall green.被動： The all is going to be painted green.我們打算把墻刷成綠色。主動： You needn't type this letter.被動：This letter need not be

34、 typed. （ought to, need是不變助動詞）你不必把這封信打字。主動： John seems to like Mary very much.被動： Mary seems to be liked very much by John.看來約翰非常喜歡瑪麗。主動： The boy happened to meet her in the street.被動： She happened to be met in the street by the boy.這個男孩碰巧在街上遇到了她。want主動：It must have disappointed him terribly that pe

35、ople told him they didn't him.被動： He must have been terribly disappointed to be told he was't wanted.人們告訴他，他們不需要他，這一定已經(jīng)使得他特別失望主動： You should bear in mind that he wasn't present.被動：That he wasn't present should be borne in mind.或 It should be borne in mind that he wasn't present.你

36、應(yīng)記住他未出席。主動： You should have taken those books back to the library.被動： Those books should have been taken back to the library.你本該把這些書帶回圖書館去。主動： They may have left it in the sun.被動：It may have been left in the sun.他們可能已把它放在陽光下了。may加不定式的完成體或完成進行體表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，決不能用在疑問句中。而can與不定式的完成體或完成進行體連用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑問句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的過去式即could與might與不定式完成體或完成進行體搭配時， 可用于各種結(jié)構(gòu)?？希?，陳，疑均可。It can&