高中情態(tài)動詞用法詳解

1、情態(tài)動詞一、情態(tài)動詞的特點:1.沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。2. 有些情態(tài)動詞有過去式的變化:e.g. will would , can could , may might ,  dare dared二、情態(tài)動詞的否定式: 情態(tài)動詞+ not +動詞原形can not: can't , must not: mustn't , need not : needn't三、情態(tài)動詞的用法及相互區(qū)別, 是考試的內容之一。1. can , be able to    be able to 表示經過努力后, 能夠做到; be able to 有多種形式

2、的變化。can  1). 表示體力或腦力方面的能力; 2). 表示允許、可能性。could 是can的過去式, 表示過去有能力及過去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑問句表示委婉地提出問題。1) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.  A. had to B. would  C. could   D. was able to 2) -Will you stay for lunch?    -S

3、orry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustn't   B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't 2.may 表示詢問或說明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能發(fā)生。might是may的過去式; 用在疑問中比may委婉、客氣。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room?-No, you mustn't.   ( Yes, you may.)2) -Mig

4、ht I make a suggestion?    -Yes, you may.3. must 1). 表示必須要做的事: 必須      2) 表示很有把握的推斷: 一定, 準是。have (has)to : have (has)got to     必須, 不得不。過去式: had to3) -Must I get to the station before three o'clock?-Yes, you must. ( No, you needn't.

5、 )4) I'm afraid you will have to wait a while.5) She must be in the classroom now.6) Mary _ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. A. mustn't       B. shouldn't      C. can't      D. may n

6、ot4. shall  1) 在疑問句中, 用于第一、三人稱表示說話人征求對方的意見或向對方請求。2) 用于二、三人稱,表示說話人給對方的 命令、警告、允諾等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you neednt. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit?  -Yes, please.(No, please don't.)2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.3) Everything tha

7、t he owns shall be taken away from him.4) Your brother seldom comes to see you, _?A. does he  B. doesn't he  C. will he D. isn't he5) It's a fine day. Let's go fishing, _?A. won't we       B. will we    &#

8、160; C. don't we       D. shall we5. should    應該 ; 應當1) You should listen to the doctor's advice.2) You should study the article carefully.6. will, would1) 在疑問句中用于第二人稱,表示說話人向對方提出請求或詢問。用would語氣更加婉轉。2) will 表示現(xiàn)在的習慣性動作或狀態(tài); would 表示過去的習慣性動作或狀態(tài)。3) wil

9、l 用于各種人稱, 表示 意志、意愿、決心、允諾; would 表示過去時間的 意志、意愿、.。(1) Don't smoke in the meeting room, _ you?  A. do youB. will you   C. can you D. could you-Will you come with me?   -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can't.)(2) -Would you tell us something about yourself?  -

10、Yes, I will.(3) - It's my birthday tomorrow. Don't forget to come to my party.- _ .A. I don't        B. I won't        C. I can't       D. I haven't7. ought to   

11、; 應該; 應當1) You oughtn't to smoke too much.2) She _ for what she has done.A. ought to praise    B. ought be praisedC. ought to have praised  D. ought to be praised8. dare   dare to come      2. dare come1) He dare not tell the truth

12、. 2) He doesn't dare to come out at night.3) I don't know whether he _ try.A. dare B. needs  C. wants  D. is allowed9. need   1). 作為情態(tài)動詞:必須      2). 作為實義動詞: 需要A.主語是人  need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)  B. 主語是

13、事物    need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them?-No, they don't need to.2) -Need we buy any new equipment?     -No, we needn't.3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired.   4) -Shall I tell

14、John about it ?   - No, you _ . I've told him already.A. needn't     B. wouldn't      C. mustn't      D. shouldn't5) It's a fine day. You _ take a raincoat with you. A. can't  &

15、#160;     B. mustn't        C. needn't       D. may not情態(tài)動詞 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考試要點1. can(could) + have + 過去分詞2. can't (couldn't) + have + 過去分詞    3. must + have + 過去分詞  4. may (might)

16、+ have + 過去分詞         5. needn't + have + 過去分詞6. should (ought to) + have + 過去分詞7. shouldn't (oughtn't to) + have + 過去分詞1). Can (Could) they have completed their work so soon? 2) She can't (couldn't) have make a mistake.3) Since the ditch i

17、s full of water , it _ (rain) last night.4) He said that she might have misunderstood him.1 情態(tài)動詞的語法特征 1） 情態(tài)動詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計某事的發(fā)生。2） 情態(tài)動詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。3） 情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4） 情態(tài)動詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。 2 比較can 和be able to 1）cancould 表示能力；可能 (過去時用could), 只用于現(xiàn)在式和

18、過去式(could)。be able to可以用于各種時態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2）只用be able to a. 位于助動詞后。 b. 情態(tài)動詞后。 c. 表示過去某時刻動作時。 d. 用于句首表示條件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事時，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.

19、注意：could不表示時態(tài)1）提出委婉的請求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you can. / No, you can't.2）在否定，疑問句中表示推測或懷疑。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。 3 比較may和might 1） 表示允許或請求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推測時，不表示時態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。2） 成語： ma

20、y/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。 If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例題Peter _come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。 4 比較have to和must 1)兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother

21、was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來。(客觀上需要做這件事)He said that they must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。（主觀上要做這件事） 2)have to有人稱、數(shù)、時態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3） 在否定結構中： don't have to 表示"不必&quo

22、t;mustn't表示"禁止"， You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。 You mustn't tell him about it.你一定不要把這件事告訴他。 5 must表示推測 1) must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。2) must表對現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或現(xiàn)在正發(fā)生的事情的推測時， must 后面通常接系動詞be 的原形或行為動詞的進行式。 You have worked hard all day.You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一

23、定累了。（對現(xiàn)在情況的推測判斷）He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較： He must be staying there. 他現(xiàn)在肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必須呆在那。 3) must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時，must 要接完成式。 I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛才沒有聽到電話，我想必是睡著了。4) must表示對過去某時正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進行式。-Why didn't you an

24、swer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5) 否定推測用can't。 If Tom didn't leave here until five o'clock, he can't be home yet.如果湯姆五點才離開這兒，他此時一定還未到家。 6 表示推測的用法 can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1）情態(tài)動詞+動詞原形。表示對現(xiàn)在或將來的情況的推測，此時動詞通常為系動詞。I don't k

25、now where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2）情態(tài)動詞+動詞現(xiàn)在進行時。表示對現(xiàn)在或將來正在進行的情況進行推測。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這時，我們老師想必在批改試卷。3）情態(tài)動詞+動詞完成時。表示對過去情況的推測。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last n

26、ight.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4）情態(tài)動詞+動詞的現(xiàn)在完成進行時。表示對過去正在發(fā)生事情的推測。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5）推測的否定形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn't表示。Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因為早上他是坐公共汽車來上班的。注意：could, might表示推測時不表示時態(tài)，其推測的程度不如can, may。 7 情態(tài)

27、動詞+ have +過去分詞 1) may(might) have + done sth, can (could) have + done sth表示過去，推測過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2)must have +done sth，對過去時間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。

28、-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3) ought to have done sth, should have done sth本應該做某事，而事實上并沒有做。否定句表示"不該做某事而做了"。You ought to (should) have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.（事實上已扔了。）ought t

29、o 在語氣上比should 要強。4) needn't have done sth 本沒必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.5) would like to have done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then. 8 should 和ought to should 和ought to 都為"應該"的意思，可用

30、于各種人稱。-Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令時，語氣由 should（應該）、had better最好）、must（必須）漸強。 9 had better表示"最好" had better 相當于一個助動詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動詞原形。had better do sth had better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog. had b

31、etter have done sth表示與事實相反的結果，意為"本來最好"。You had better have come earlier. 10 would rather表示"寧愿" would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 寧愿而不愿。還有would sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my stud

32、ies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例題-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do? A. do you ratherB. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather答案B。本題考查情態(tài)動詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為"寧愿"，本題為疑問句，would

33、提前，所以選B。 11 will和would 注意： 1）would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me?2）Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含義的請求勸說時，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like some cake?3）否定結構中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。 Won't you sit down? 12 情態(tài)動詞的回答方式 問句肯定回答否定回答Need you?Yes,

34、I must.No,I needn'tMust you?/don't have to. 典型例題1）-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C.could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允許某人做某事時，用can和 may來表達，不能用could或might。復習： will 與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用，用來提出勸告。2）-Shall I tell John abou

35、t it?-No, you _. I've told him already. A. needn'tB. wouldn'tC. mustn'tD. shouldn't 答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 將不, 不會的。 mustn't 禁止、不能。 shouldn't不應該。本題為不需要，不必的意思，應用needn't。3）-Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.A. I don't B.I won'

36、t C. I can'tD. I haven't 答案B.will既可當作情態(tài)動詞，表請求、建議、也可作為實義動詞表"意愿、意志、決心"，本題表示決心，選B。 13 帶to 的情態(tài)動詞 帶to 的情態(tài)動詞有四個：ought to, have to, used to, be to, 如加上have got to ,(=must), be able to，為六個。它們的疑問，否定形式應予以注意： Do they have to pay their bill before the end of the month? She didn't use to pl

37、ay tennis before she was fourteen. You ought not to have told her all about it. Ought he to see a heart specialist at once.? ought to 本身作為情態(tài)動詞使用。其他的詞作為實義動詞使用，變疑問，否定時，須有do 等助動詞協(xié)助。典型例題Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A.have toldB.tellC.be tellingD. having told答案A。由于后句為過去時，告訴秘密的

38、動作又發(fā)生在其前因，此地應用過去完成時，但它在情態(tài)動詞 ought to 后，所以用have。 14 比較need和dare 這兩詞既可做實義動詞用，又可做情態(tài)動詞用。作為情態(tài)動詞，兩者都只能用于疑問句，否定句和條件句。 need 作實義動詞時后面的不定式必須帶to，而dare作實義動詞用時, 后面的to 時?？梢员皇÷浴?) 實義動詞： need（需要, 要求） need + n. / to do sth2) 情態(tài)動詞： need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式為need not。Need you go yet? Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.3) n

39、eed 的被動含義：need, want, require, worth（形容詞）后面接doing也可以表示被動：need doing = need to be done 練習.情態(tài)動詞1. She passed me in the street without speaking, she _ me.A. can't see           B. can't have seenC. shouldn't have seen D. shouldn

40、9;t see2. -They were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It _ a comfortable journey.A. can't be     B. shouldn't beC. mustn't have been  D. couldn't have been3. He _ you more help even though he was very busy.A. might hav

41、e given    B. might give C. may have given  D. may give4. She quickened her pace in order that she _ with the others.A. may catch up       B. might catch upC. could have caught up D. might have caught up5. There was plenty of time, she _ .A

42、. mustn't have hurried  B. couldn't have hurriedC. must not hurry     D. needn't have hurried 6. I didn't hear the phone, I _ asleep.A. must be       B. must have been     C. should be  

43、60; D. should have been 7. He was a good runner so he _ escape from the police.A. might       B. succeeded       C. would        D. was able to8. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead.A. must

44、 have studied  B. might study C. should have studied  D. would study9. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert.A. could B. must   C. would D. should10. A solider got him out of danger. He _ hurt.A. may not  &#

45、160;  B. can have got   C. might have got      D. might get11. -Could I use your pen?      -Yes, of course you _ .A. must B. could C. can D. might12. Johnny, you _ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. won't; can

46、9;t  B. mustn't ; may  C. shouldn't ; must D. can't ; shouldn't13. Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for this woman and children only.A. oughtn't to       B. can't      C. won't

47、0;    D. needn't 14. I _ tell her the truth.A. cannot help    B. can't but     C. may not help     D. could but15. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That's why I _ wait until the rain stops.A. must B. sho

48、uld C. ought to D. have to16. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver _ .A. may hurt      B. may be hurting C. may have been hurt  D. may be hurt17. A dog ran in front of my mother's car and she _ stop very quickly.A. ought to  &#

49、160;  B. had better     C. must      D. had to18. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York . -Oh , did you ? You _ with Barbara . A. could have stayed      B. could stay C. would stay      D. must

50、 have stayed19. The plant is dead. I _ it more water.A. will give        B. would have given C. must give  D. should have given20. A computer _ think for itself ; it must be told what to do.A. can't       B. couldn't&

51、#160;       C. may not         D. might not  21. It's nearly seven o' clock. Jack _ be here at any moment.A. must   B. need    C. should D. can22. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but h

52、e meant no harm.A. have told      B. tell        C. be telling     D. having told23. -Alice, you feed the bird today, _ ?-But I fed it yesterday.A. do you       B. will you   

53、   C. didn't you      D. don't you24. -Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?  - _ . A. Yes, you may borrow   B. Yes, you couldC. Yes, help yourself   D. Yes, go on25. I was really anxious about you . You _home witho

54、ut a word.A. mustn't leave  B. shouldn't have leftC. couldn't have left D. needn't leaveKey:1-5 BDABD   6-10 BDCDC   11-15 CBABD   16-20 CDADA    21-25 CAACB 全國各省市高考試卷中的情態(tài)動詞試題1 A(全國卷I）24. There's no light on - they_ be a

55、t home. A. can't   B. mustn't C. needn't D. shouldn't2 (全國卷2)10. We hope that as many people as-possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow.A. need B. must C. should    D. can3 (北京卷)25. - What's the name?-Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you?A.

56、Shall  B. Would  C. Can D. Might4 (上海春)26. You know he is not going to let us leave early if we _ get the work done.A. can't    B. may not  C. shouldn't D. mustn't5 (天津卷)11. We        have proved great adventurers, but

57、 we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A. needn't      B. may not  C. shouldnt D. mustn't6 (四川卷)32. -Is Jack on duty today?-It _ be him. It's his turn tomorrow.A. mustn't         B. won

58、9;t         C. can't       D. needn't7 (江西卷)24The weather turned out to be fine yesterdayI _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with meAshould have taken     Bcould have taken  Cneedn't have take

59、n D. mustn't have taken8 (陜西卷)19.As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning.A. mayn't        B. can't       C. mustn't        D. needn't 9 (福建卷)27.If it were n

60、ot for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldn't        B. shouldn't    C. can't       D. might not10 (湖北卷)31. _ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately

61、cut off.A. Would you be  B. Should you be   C. Could you be  D. Might you be11 (湖南卷)32.Some aspects of a pilot's job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours.A. can; have to   B. may; can     C. have to; may 

62、D. ought to; must12 (江蘇卷)21. - I think I'll give Bob a ring.- You _. You haven't been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. may C. have to D. should13 (廣東卷)22. - Must he come to sign this paper himself? - Yes, he_.A. need   B. must  C. may D. will14 (浙江卷)1

63、9. - Could I have a word with you, mum?- Oh dear, if you _.A. can B. must C. may D. should15 (山東卷)30. -May I smoke here ?-If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section.A. should   B. could   C. may   D. mustKeys:1-10 ADCAB CCDCB 11-15 ADBBD本資料來源于七彩教育高考英語陷阱題總結歸納情態(tài)動詞典型陷阱

64、題分析    1. “Mike is often absent from class.” “Tell him he _ answer for it if he goes on behaving like that.”    A. shall             B. will    C. would       &

65、#160;     D. can    【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。    【分析】最佳答案選A.shall 用作情態(tài)動詞主要有以下兩個用法：    （1） 用于疑問句中征求意見。如：    Shall I help you？ 要不要我?guī)蛶湍悖?#160;   Shall I open the window？ 要我把窗子打開嗎？    （2） 用于陳述句中表示允諾、告誡、警告、威脅、

66、命令、規(guī)定、必然性等（可用于各類人稱）。如：    You shall suffer for this. 你會為此事吃苦頭的。（表威脅）    Each competitor shall wear a number. 每個參賽者要戴一個號碼。（表規(guī)定）    You shall hear everything as soon as you come. 你一來就可聽到所有情況了。（表允諾）    請做以下試題（答案均選 shall）：    （1）

67、 “I promise that she _ get a nice present on her birthday.” “Will it be a great surprise to her？”    A. should             B. must    C. would           &#

68、160;  D. shall    2. You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.    A. cannot             B. shouldnt    C. mustnt       

69、60;   D. neednt    【陷阱】幾個干擾項均有可能誤選。    【分析】最佳答案選A.cannottoo是英語中一個十分有用的表達，意為“不可能太，無論怎樣也不算過分，越越”。如：    You cant be too careful. 你越仔細越好。    You cant praise the too much. 這本書值得大加贊揚。    We cannot work too much for the pe

70、ople. 我們?yōu)槿嗣褡龉ぷ魇遣豢赡茏鲞^頭的。    A woman cannot have too many clothes. 女人買的衣服再多也不算多。    注：有時也可用 can never, impossible 等與too連用來表示類似意思。如：    It is impossible to get there too soon. 去那兒越早越好。 3. “Is John coming by train？” “He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.”