2018年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題答案及解析

1、2018年6月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題（第1套）PartiWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayontheimportanceofreadingabilityandhowtodevelopit.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethanl80words.PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsre

2、ports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedo

3、nthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.1. A)Thereturnofabottledmessagetoitsowner'sdaughter.2. B)ANewHampshireman'sjokewithfriendsonhiswife.3. C)Afather'smessageforhisdaughter.4. D)Thehistoryofacentury-oldmotel.2. A)Shewantedtoshowgratitudeforhiskindness.B) Shewantedtohonorherfather'spromise.

4、C) Shehadbeenaskedbyherfathertodoso.D) Shewasexcitedtoseeherfather'shandwriting.Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.3. A)Peoplewereconcernedaboutthenumberofbees.B) SeveralcasesofZikadiseasehadbeenidentified.C) Twomillionbeeswereinfectedwithdisease.D) Zikavirushaddestroyedsomebe

5、efarms.4. A)Itapologizedtoitscustomers.B) Itwasforcedtokillitsbees.C) Itlostahugestockofbees.D) Itlostmilliondollars.Questions5to7arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.5. A)Itstayedintheairforabouttwohours.B) Ittookoffandlandedonafootballfield.C) Itprovedtobeofhighcommercialvalue.D) Itmadeaserieso

6、fsharpturnsinthesky.6. A)Engineeringproblems.B) Theairpollutionitproduced.C) Inadequatefunding.D) Theoppositionfromthemilitary.7. A)Itusesthelatestaviationtechnology.B) Itfliesfasterthanacommercialjet.C) Itisasafermeansoftransportation.D) Itismoreenvironmentallyfriendly.SectionBDirections:Inthissect

7、ion,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheetIwithasinglelinethroughthece

8、ntre.Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.8. A)Itseemsadepressingtopic.B) Itsoundsquitealarming.C) Ithaslittleimpactonourdailylife.D) Itisgettingmoreseriousthesedays.9. A)Themandoesn'tunderstandSpanish.B) Thewomandoesn'treallylikedancing.C) Theydon'twantsomethingtoonoi

9、sy.D) Theycan'tmakeittothetheatreintime.10. A)ItwouldbemorefunwithoutMr.Whiteheadhosting.B) Ithastoomanyactstoholdtheaudience'sattention.C) Itisthemostamusingshowhehaseverwatched.D) Itisashowinappropriateforanightofcharity.11. A)Watchacomedy.B) Goandseethedance.C) Booktheticketsonline.D) See

10、afilmwiththeman.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12. A)Mostofherschoolmatesareyoungerthansheis.B) Shesimplyhasnoideawhatschooltotransferto.C) Therearetoomanyactivitiesforhertocopewith.D) Sheworriesshewon'tfitinasatransferstudent.13. A)Seekadvicefromseniorstudents.B) Picku

11、psomemeaningfulhobbies.C) Participateinafter-schoolactivities.D) Lookintowhattheschooloffers.14. A)Giveherhelpwheneversheneedsit.B) Acceptherasatransferstudent.C) Findheraccommodationoncampus.D) Introducehertoherroommates.15. A)ShehasinterestssimilartoMr.Lee's.B) ShehasbecomefriendswithCatherine

12、.C) ShehaschosenthemajorCatherinehas.D) Shehasjusttransferredtothecollege.<SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyyouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmark

13、edA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16. A)Toinvestigatehowbeingoverweightimpactsonhealth.B) Tofindoutwhichphysicaldriveisthemostpowerful.C) Todiscoverwhatmostmiceliketoeat.D) Todeterminewhatfe

14、elingsmicehave.17. A)Whentheyarehungry.B) Whentheyarethirsty.C) Whentheysmellfood.D) Whentheywantcompany.18. A)Theysearchforfoodingroups.B) Theyareoverweightwhenfoodisplenty.C) Theyprefertobewithothermice.D) Theyenjoythecompanyofotheranimals.Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19. A)

15、ItsconstructionstartedbeforeWorldWarI.B) Itsconstructioncostmorethan$40billion.C) Itisefficientlyusedfortransport.D) Itisoneofthebestintheworld.20. A)Toimprovetransportationinthecountryside.B) Tomovetroopsquicklyfromplacetoplace.C) Toenablepeopletotravelatahigherspeed.D) Tospeedupthetransportationof

16、goods.21. A)Inthe1970s.B) Inthe1960s.C) Inthe1950s.D) Inthe1940s.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22. A)Chattingwhiledriving.B) Messagingwhiledriving.C) Drivingunderage.D) Speedingonhighways.23. A)Agadgettoholdaphoneonthesteeringwheel.B) Agadgettochargethephoneinacar.C) Adevicetoc

17、ontrolthespeedofavehicle.D) Adevicetoensurepeopledrivewithbothhands.24. A)Thecarkeepsflashingitsheadlights.B) Thecarslowsdowngraduallytoahalt.C) Theyarealertedwithalightandasound.D) Theygetawarningontheirsmartphone.25. A)Installingacamera.B) Usingaconnectedapp.C) Checkingtheiremails.D) Keepingadaily

18、recordPartmReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithlOblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasem

19、arkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AnofficetoweronMillerStreetinManchesteriscompletelycoveredinsolarpanels.Theyareusedtocreatesomeoftheenergyusedbytheinsurancecompanyinside.Whenthetowerwasfirst_26_in1962,it

20、wascoveredwiththinsquarestones.Thesesmallsquarestonesbecameaproblemforthebuildingandcontinuedtofalloffthefacefor40yearsuntilamajorrenovationwas_27_Duringthisrenovationthebuilding'sowners,CIS,_28_thesolarpanelcompany,Solarcentury.Theyagreedtocovertheentirebuildinginsolarpanels.In2004,thecompleted

21、CIStowerbecameEurope'slargest_29_ofverticalsolarpanels.Averticalsolarprojectonsuchalarge_30_hasneverbeenrepeatedsince.Coveringaskyscraperwithsolarpanelshadneverbeendonebefore,andtheCIStowerwaschosenasoneofthen10bestgreenenergyprojects".Foralongtimeafterthisrenovationproject,itwasthetallestb

22、uildingintheUnitedKingdom,butitwas_31_overtakenbytheMillbankTower.Greenbuildingslikethisaren't_32_cost-efficientfortheinvestor,butitdoesproducemuchlesspollutionthanthatcausedbyenergy_33_throughfossilfuels.Assolarpanelsget_34_ztheworldislikelytoseemoreskyscraperscoveredinsolarpanels,collectingene

23、rgymuchliketreesdo.Imagineaworldwherebuildingthetallestskyscraperwasn'taraceof_35_,butratheronetocollectthemostsolarenergy.A) cheaperB)cleanerC)collectionD)competedE)constructedF)consultedG)dimensionH)discoveredI)eventuallyJ)heightK)necessarilyL)productionM)rangeN)scaleO)undertakenSectionBDirect

24、ions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondinglett

25、eronAnswerSheet2.SomeCollegeStudentsAreAngryThatTheyHavetoPaytoDoTheirHomeworkA) Digitallearningsystemsnowchargestudentsforaccesscodesneededtocompletecoursework,takequizzes,andturninhomework.Asuniversitiesgodigital,studentsarecomplainingofanewhittotheirfinancesthat'sreplacingandsometimesjoininge

26、xpensivetextbooks:priceyonlineaccesscodesthatarerequiredtocompletecourseworkandsubmitassignments.B) Thecodeswhichtypicallyrangeinpricefrom$80to$155percoursegivestudentsonlineaccesstosystemsdevelopedbyeducationcompanieslikeMcGrawHillandPearson.Thesecompanies,whichlongreapedbigprofitsastextbookpublish

27、ers,haveboastedthattheirnewonlineofferings,whenpushedtostudentsthroughuniversitiestheypartnerwith,representthefutureoftheindustry.C) Butcriticssaythedigitalaccesscodesrepresentthesameprofit-seekingethos(觀念)ofthetextbookbusiness,andareevenharderforstudentstooptoutof.Whiletheycouldoncebuysecond-handte

28、xtbooks,orsharecopieswithfriends,thedigitalsystemsareessentiallyimpossibletoavoid.D) uWhenwetalkabouttheaccesscodeweseeitasthenewfaceofthetextbookmonopoly(壟斷)'anewwaytolockstudentsaroundthissystem,"saidEthanSenack,thehighereducationadvocateforthe.PublicInterestResearchGroup,toBuzzFeedNews.&

29、quot;Ratherthan$250(foraprinttextbook)you'repaying$120,”saidSenack.MButbecauseit'salldigitaliteliminatestheusedbookmarketandeliminatesanysharingandbecausehomeworkandtestsarethroughanaccesscode,iteliminatesanyabilitytooptout.11iE) SarinaHarpet,a19-year-oldstudentatVirginiaTech,wasfacedwithato

30、ughdilemmawhenshefirststartedcollegein2015payrentorpaytoturninherchemistryhomework.ShetoldBuzzFeedNewsthatherfreshmanchemistryclassrequiredhertouseConnect,asystemprovidedbyMcGrawHillwherestudentscansubmithomework,takeexamsandtracktheirgrades.Butthecodetoaccesstheprogramcost$120abigsumforHarper,whoha

31、dalreadyputdown$450fortextbooks,andhadrentdayapproaching.F) Shedecidedtowaitforhernextwork-studypaycheck,whichwastypically$150-$200,topayforthecode.Sheknewthatherchemistrygrademaytakeadiveasaresult."It'sabalancingact/'shesaid."CanIreallyaffordtheseaccesscodesnow'1Shedidn'th

32、andinherfirsttwoassignmentsforchemistry,whichstartedheroutintheclasswithafailinggrade.G) Theaccesscodesmaybeanotherfinancialheadacheforstudents,butfortextbookbusinesses,they'rethefuture.McGrawHill,whichcontrols21%ofthehighereducationmarket,reportedinMarchthatitsdigitalcontentsalesexceededprintsa

33、lesforthefirsttimein2015.Thecompanysaidthat45%ofits$140millionrevenuein2015"wasderivedfromdigitalproducts."H) APearsonspokespersontoldBuzzFeedNewsthat"digitalmaterialsarelessexpensiveandagoodinvestment"thatoffernewfeatures,likeaudiotexts,personalizedknowledgechecksandexpertvideos

34、.Itsdigitalcoursematerialssavestudentsupto60%comparedtotraditionalprintedtextbooks,thecompanyadded.McGrawHilldidn'trespondtoarequestforcomment,butitsCEODavidLevintoldtheFinancialTimesinAugustthatninhighereducation,theeraoftheprintedtextbookisnowover.1'I) Thetextbookindustryinsiststheonlinesy

35、stemsrepresentabetterdealforstudents."Thesedigitalproductsaren'tjustmechanismsforstudentstosubmithomework,theyofferallkindsoffeatures/1DavidAnderson,theexecutivedirectorofhighereducationwiththeAssociationofAmericanPublishers,toldBuzzFeedNews."Ithelpsstudentsunderstandinawaythatyoucan&#

36、39;tdowithprinthomeworkassignments.11J) DavidHunt,anassociateprofessorinsociologyatAugustaUniversity,whichhasrolledoutdigitaltextbooksacrossitsmathandpsychologydepartments,toldBuzzFeedNewsthatheunderstandstheutilityofusingsystemsthatrequireaccesscodes.Buthedoesn'trequirehisstudentstobuyaccesstoa

37、learningprogramthatcontrolstheclassassignments."Itrytomakethingsasinexpensiveaspossible/1saidHunt,whousesfreedigitaltextbooksforhisclassesbutdesignshisowncurriculum."TheonlinesystemsmaymakemylifealoteasierbutIfeellikeI'mgivingupcontrol.Thediscussionsarethethingswheremyexpertisecanbenef

38、itthestudentsmost."K) A20-year-oldjunioratGeorgiaSouthernUniversitytoldBuzzFeedNewsthatshenormallyspends$500-$600onaccesscodesforclass.Inonecase,theprofessordidn'trequirestudentstobuyatextbook,justanaccesscodetoturninhomework.Thisyearshesaidshespent$900onaccesscodestobooksandprograms."

39、That'stwomonthsofrent/1shesaid."Youcan'tsellanyofitback.Withatraditionaltextbookyoucansellitfor$30-$50andthathelpstopayforyournewsemester'sbooks.Withanaccesscode,you'reoutofthatmoney.11L) BenjaminWolverton,a19-year-oldstudentattheUniversityofSouthCarolina,toldBuzzFeedNewsthat&qu

40、ot;it'sridiculousthatafterpayingtensofthousandsintuitionwehavetopayforalltheseaccesscodestodoourhomework."Manyoftheaccesscodeshe'spurchasedhavebeenrequiredsimplytocompletehomeworkorquizzes."Oftenit'sonly10%ofyourgradeinclass."hesaid."You'repayingsomuchmoneyforsome

41、thingthathardlyaffectsyourgradebutifyoudidn'thaveit,itwouldaffectyourgradesenough.ItwouldbebadtostartoutataBorC.uWolvertonsaidhespent$500onaccesscodesfordigitalbooksandprogramsthissemester.M) Harper;apoultry(家禽)sciencemajor,istakingchemistryagainthisyearandhadtobuyanewaccesscodetohandinherhomewo

42、rk.Sherentedhereconomicsandstatisticstextbooksforabout$20each.Butheraccesscodesforhomework,whichcan'tberentedorboughtsecond-hand,werehermostexpensivepurchases:$120and$85.N) Shestillremembersthestingofherfirstexperienceskippinganassignmentduetothehighprices.uWedon'treallyhaveamissedassignment

43、policy,11shesaid."Ifyoumissit,youjustmissit.Ijustgotzerosonacoupleoffirstassignments.Imanagedtopulleverythingbackup.Butasascaredfreshmanlookingattheirgrades,it'snotfun."36. Astudent'syearlyexpensesonaccesscodesmayamounttotheirrentfortwomonths.37. Theonlineaccesscodesmaybeseenasaway

44、totiethestudentstothedigitalsystem.38. Ifastudenttakesacourseagain,theymayhavetobuyanewaccesscodetosubmittheirassignments.39. McGrawHillaccountsforoverone-fifthofthemarketshareofcollegetextbooks.40. Manytraditionaltextbookpublishersarenowofferingonlinedigitalproducts,whichtheybelievewillbethefutureo

45、fthepublishingbusiness.41. Onestudentcomplainedthattheynowhadtopayforaccesscodesinadditiontothehightuition.42. Digitalmaterialscancoststudentslessthanhalfthepriceoftraditionalprintedbooksaccordingtoapublisher.j43. Onestudentdecidednottobuyheraccesscodeuntilshereceivedthepayforherpart-timejob.44. Onl

46、inesystemsmaydepriveteachersofopportunitiestomakethebestuseoftheirexpertisefortheirstudents.45. Digitalaccesscodesarecriticizedbecausetheyareprofit-drivenjustlikethetextbookCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

47、choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46and50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Losingyourabilitytothinkandrememberisprettyscary.Weknowth

48、eriskofdementia(癡呆癥)increaseswithage.Butifyouhavememoryslips,youprobablyneedn'tworry.Thereareprettycleardifferencesbetweensignsofdementiaandage-relatedmemoryloss.Afterage50,it'squitecommontohavetroublerememberingthenamesofpeople,placesandthingsquickly,saysDr.KirkDaffnerofBrighamandWomen'

49、sHospitalinBoston.Thebrainagesjustliketherestofthebody.Certainpartsshrink,especiallyareasinthebrainthatareimportanttolearning,memoryandplanning.Changesinbraincellscanaffectcommunicationbetweendifferentregionsofthebrain.Andbloodflowcanbereducedasbloodvesselsnarrow.Forgettingthenameofanactorinafavorit

50、emovie,forexample,isnothingtoworryabout.Butifyouforgettheplotofthemovieordon'trememberevenseeingit,that'sfarmoreconcerning,Daffnersays.Whenyouforgetentireexperiences,hesays,that's"aredflagthatsomethingmoreseriousmaybeinvolved."Forgettinghowtooperateafamiliarobjectlikeamicrowave

51、oven,orforgettinghowtodrivetothehouseofafriendyou'vevisitedmanytimesbeforecanalsobesignsofsomethinggoingwrong.（Buteventhen,Daffnersays,peopleshouldn'tpanic.Therearemanythingsthatcancauseconfusionandmemoryloss,includinghealthproblemsliketemporarystoppageofbreathingduringsleep,highbloodpressur

52、e,ordepression,aswellasmedications（藥物）likeantidepressants.Youdon'thavetofigurethisoutonyourown.Daffnersuggestsgoingtoyourdoctortocheckonmedications,healthproblemsandotherissuesthatcouldbeaffectingmemory.Andthebestdefenseagainstmemorylossistotrytopreventitbybuildingupyourbrain'scognitive（認(rèn)知的）

53、reserve,Daffnersays."Readbooks,gotomovies,takeonnewhobbiesoractivitiesthatforceonetothinkinnovelways/1hesays.Inotherwords,keepyourbrainbusyandworking.Andalsogetphysicallyactive,becauseexerciseisaknownbrainbooster.doestheauthorsaythatoneneedn'tbeconcernedaboutmemoryslipsallofthemaresymptomso

54、fdementia.occuronlyamongcertaingroupsofpeople.allofthemarerelatedtoone'sage.arequitecommonamongfifty-year-olds.happensaswebecomeagedaccordingtothepassageinteractionskillsdeteriorate.partsofourbrainstopfunctioning.withinourbrainweakens.wholebrainstartsshrinking.memory-relatedsymptomshouldpeopleta

55、keseriouslyforgettinghowtodoone*sdailyroutines.torecalldetailsofone'slifeexperiences.（torememberthenamesofmoviesoractors.confusingtheaddressesofone'sfriends.shouldpeopledowhensignsofseriousmemorylossshowupthebrain'scognitivereserve.medicationsaffectingmemory.toaprofessionalforassistance.

56、toimprovetheirwell-being.isDr.Daffner'sadviceforcombatingmemorylossregularphysicalandmentalcheckups.medicinethathelpsboostone'sbrain.inknownmemoryrepairactivities.activebothphysicallyandTwoPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.AletterwrittenbyCharlesDarwinin1875hasbeenreturn

57、edtotheSmithsonianInstitutionArchives（檔案館）bytheFBIafterbeingstolentwice."Werealizedinthemid-1970sthatitwasmissing/'saysEffieKapsalis,headoftheSmithsonianInsitutionArchives.Hltwasnotedasmissingandlikelytakenbyanintern（實(shí)習(xí)生）.fromwhattheFBIistellingus.Wordgotoutthatitwasmissingwhensomeoneaskedt

58、oseetheletterforresearchpurposes/'andtheinternputtheletterback.HTheinternlikelytooktheletteragainoncenobodywaswatchingit."Decadespassed.Finally,theFBIreceivedatipthatthestolendocumentwaslocatedveryclosetoWashington,Theirartcrimeteamrecoveredtheletterbutwereunabletopresschargesbecausethetimeoflimitationshadended.TheFBIworkedcloselywiththeArchivestodeterminethattheletterwasbothauthenticanddefini