高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解-第三部分-名人故事(一)練習(xí)

1、第三部分 名人故事（一）1. Alfred Nobel, Founder of the Nobel Prizes阿爾弗雷德諾貝爾諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的創(chuàng)始人在世界科學(xué)史上，有這樣一位科學(xué)家：他不僅把自己的畢生精力全部貢獻(xiàn)給了科學(xué)事業(yè)，而且還在身后留下遺囑，把自己的遺產(chǎn)全部捐獻(xiàn)給科學(xué)事業(yè)，用以獎(jiǎng)掖后人，向科學(xué)的高峰努力攀登。今天，以他的名字命名的科學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，已經(jīng)成為舉世矚目的最高科學(xué)大獎(jiǎng)。他的名字和人類(lèi)在科學(xué)探索中取得的成就一道，永遠(yuǎn)地留在了人類(lèi)社會(huì)發(fā)展的文明史冊(cè)上。這位偉大的科學(xué)家，就是世人皆知的瑞典化學(xué)家、諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的創(chuàng)立人阿爾弗雷德·諾貝爾。諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)給在物理，化學(xué)，醫(yī)學(xué)，文學(xué)，和平和經(jīng)濟(jì)六個(gè)領(lǐng)

2、域中成就最突出的人。Some names have become famous because they are always connected with important things. One of these names is that of Alfred Nobel, who founded the famous Nobel Prizes.Nobel was born in Sweden in 1833. He became an engineer and an inventor. He was particularly interested in explosives. Thes

3、e were very dangerous in those days, and Nobel's own brother was killed in an explosion in their factory.In 1867, Nobel invented dynamite. This was a very powerful explosive, but unlike the others it was safe to handle. The invention made Nobel a very wealthy man.However, he was never particular

4、ly happy. He realized that his invention was being used for warlike purposes, and that thousands and perhaps hundreds of thousands of people were being killed and injured in wars with his explosives.When he died in 1896, he left over 3 million pounds to be spent setting up five prizes each year. The

5、se prizes were to be given to people who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science, and to literature. Originally there were five rewards: literature, physics, chemistry, medicine and peace. Economics was added in 1968, just sixty-seven years after the first award ceremony.These Nobel

6、Prizes became famous and because of them we still remember the name of Nobel.Comprehension Questions:A. it is less powerful and safe to handle. B. it is more powerful but less safe to handle.C. it is both powerful and safe. D. it won't kill people.4. Rich as he was, Alfred Nobel was never partic

7、ularly happy because _A. his dynamite was not safe enough. B. his explosives were being used in wars. C. his brother was killed by the explosives invented by him. D. he had killed hundreds of thousands of people with explosives.5. Those who had made outstanding contributions to peace, to science and

8、 to literature _ A. could get three million pounds. B. were given five prizes each year. C. could see Alfred Nobel himself. D. could receive Nobel Prizes.(CACBD)2. The General and the Corporal, A Story About George Washington將軍和下士喬治華盛頓的故事喬治·華盛頓，美國(guó)首任總統(tǒng)（17891797），美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)大陸軍總司令。1789年，當(dāng)選為美國(guó)第一任總統(tǒng)，因?qū)γ?/p>

9、國(guó)獨(dú)立作出了重大貢獻(xiàn)，被尊為美國(guó)國(guó)父。他有一句關(guān)于自由的名言：“由于劍是維護(hù)我們自由的最后手段，一旦這些自由得到確立，就應(yīng)該首先將它放在一旁。” 下面這篇小故事通過(guò)一件平凡事，反映了一個(gè)偉人的博大胸襟。George Washington was the first President of the United States. It was he who led the armies during the long war that brought the American people independence and made America a free country. He was

10、a great man, not only in great things, but also in little ones. He was never too great to do a kindness. He was never too high to stoop to those who were lower than he and in need of help.Then Washington ran up, and with his strong arms gave them the help they so much needed. The big log was lifted

11、on the breastwork, and the men looked their thanks at the stranger who had been so kind.“Why dont you take hold and help your men?” Washington asked the corporal.“Why dont I? Dont you see that I am the corporal?”“Oh, indeed,” said Washington, as he unbuttoned his overcoat, and showed the uniform whi

12、ch he wore. “Well, I am the general, and the next time you have a log too heavy for your men to lift, send for me!”You can imagine how the little corporal felt when he saw it was General Washington who was standing before him. It was a good lesson for him, and there are little men still living who m

13、ay learn a good lesson from the story.Comprehension Questions:1. _ he was a great man, George Washington was ready to do a kindness. A. Because B. Though C. If D. As long as2. At first the corporal and the soldiers did not know _ A. who was the general. B. who was Washington. C. what the general was

14、. D. the man was Washington.3. The corporal was _ A. too little to do the heavy job. B. too weak to help his men. C. so great that he could not do such a small thing. D. feeling he was such an officer that he was ashamed of giving help.4. The little corporal felt very _ when he knew it was General W

15、ashington who was standing before him. A. glad B. proud C. sorry D. crazy5. When do you think the story most probably took place? _ A. During the War of Independence. B. During the Civil War. C. During World War I. D. During World War II.(BDDCA)生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展作出了杰出貢獻(xiàn)。他改良了蒸汽機(jī)、發(fā)明了氣壓表、汽動(dòng)錘。后人為了紀(jì)念他，將功率的單位稱(chēng)為瓦特，常用符

16、號(hào)“W”表示。People had known about steam power for hundreds of years, but they did not know how to apply it to machines. About 300 years ago, some mining engineers discovered that they could use steam power to force water out of deep mines. This helped miners dig deeper than ever. But little more was don

17、e with steam power until one man, James Watt, discovered how to make steam turn a wheel.When he was a boy, James Watt's parents had scolded him for playing with mechanical things. There were few complicated machines then. And almost nobody could make a living by fixing them. So Watt's parent

18、s thought that fooling around with machines was a waste of time. But someone asked Watt to repair a steam coalmine pump. Watt fixed the pump and he began to build models of other pumps.Once Watt had built his first steam engine, steam power was used to do many things. Machines were built that could

19、weave, spin, grind flour, drive a boat or a train, and even make other machines. Nearly anything that needed pushing or turning could be powered by steam. Within 50 years of Watt's invention, steam engines were producing and transporting things in ways that were impossible with muscle, wind, or

20、waterpower.Comprehension Questions:1. James Watt was the first person who _A. applied steam to machines. B. discovered steam power could be used to force water out of deep mines. C. helped miners to dig deeper than ever. D. discovered how to make steam turn a wheel.2. Steam power was not used to tur

21、n a wheel until _A. three hundred years ago. B. some mining engineers discovered how to force water out of deep mines.C. James Watt was born.D. James Watt found out the way of doing so. 5. Nearly half a century had passed _A. since James Watt's steam engines were used widely. B. until James Watt

22、 had invented his steam engines. C. before steam engines could be used to produce and transport things. D. and steam engines were doing things that were impossible to be done in the past.(DDACD)4. Galileo, Famous Italian Astronomer伽利略意大利著名天文學(xué)家伽利略·伽利雷 (15641642) 是意大利文藝復(fù)興后期偉大的意大利天文學(xué)家、力學(xué)家、哲學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家

23、和數(shù)學(xué)家。也是近代實(shí)驗(yàn)物理學(xué)的開(kāi)拓者，被譽(yù)為“近代科學(xué)之父”。傳說(shuō)1590年，出生在比薩城的意大利物理學(xué)家伽利略，曾在比薩斜塔上做自由落體實(shí)驗(yàn)，將兩個(gè)重量不同的球體從相同的高度同時(shí)扔下，結(jié)果兩個(gè)鉛球同時(shí)落地，由此發(fā)現(xiàn)了自由落體定律，推翻了此前亞里士多德認(rèn)為的重的物體會(huì)先到達(dá)地面。Galileo (1564-1642) was an Italian physicist and astronomer. He was born in Paris, where he studied medicine and later became professor of mathematics. During t

24、his period he made two important discoveries. The first was that a pendulum always wings at the same time. The second was that bodies of different weights fall with the same speed. He made the second discovery by making an experiment from the leaning tower of Pisa.Galileo was one of the first men to

25、 look at the skies through a telescope. He discovered that the moon has mountains and valleys, that the Milky Way is made up of innumerable stars, and that Jupiter has four large satellites. He discovered sunspots and noticed that they move across the surface of the sun.In 1632 Galileo was condemned

26、 by the Inquisition because, like Copernicus, he had stated that the earth traveled round the sun. The Church's view then was that the earth was the center of the Universe. Galileo was tried by the Inquisition and forced to say he was wrong. He lived the rest of his life under house arrest.Compr

27、ehension Questions:B. the moon has mountains and valleys. C. sunspots move across the surface of the earth. D. there are innumerable stars in the Milky Way.4. The Inquisition condemned Galileo because _A. what he said about the movement of the Earth didn't agree with the Church's view. B. he

28、 said that the Earth was the centre of the Universe. C. he liked Copernicus. D. he was wrong. 5. As a result, Galileo _A. knew that he was wrong to say that the Earth was the centre of the Universe. B. knew that he was wrong to say that the sun was the centre of the Universe. C. lost his freedom. D.

29、 changed his view.(DDAAC)5. Mozart, Well-known Austrian Composer莫扎特奧地利著名作曲家莫扎特，奧地利作曲家，維也納古典樂(lè)派的代表人物。1756年1月27日生于薩爾茨堡，1791年12月5日卒于維也納，享年僅35歲。1762年，6歲的莫扎特在父親的帶領(lǐng)下到慕尼黑、維也納、普雷斯堡作了一次試驗(yàn)性的巡回演出，獲得成功。莫扎特的短暫一生寫(xiě)出了大量的音樂(lè)作品，體裁形式涉及到各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，留下了許多不朽的杰作。Mozart Wolfgang Amadeus (1756-1791) was born in Salzburg, Austria. He

30、 had love for music when he was only three and took daily music lessons from his father, a musical director. When he was five, he could not only play several musical instruments, but also had composed a number of short pieces of music. When he was seven he went with his family on a long music tour. Everywhere he went, he won great applause for his harpsichord, organ and violin playing. From the age of 13, he began to give concerts.In 1781, he moved to Vienna, where he met Haydn and they became great friends. This