不定式與動名詞的區(qū)別

1、動詞不定式和動名詞是英語非謂語動詞的兩個重要部分一、作主語1 、不定式作主語：動詞不定式可直接用作主語,句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。Togettherebybikewilltakeushalfanhour.對于主語較長的不定式，可以用it作形式主語。例如：It'sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.HowlongdidittakeyoutofinishtheworkItisdifficultforustofinishwritingthecompositioninaquarterofanhour.Itseemedimpossibletosavemoney.It'

2、;skindofyoutohelpmewithmyEnglish.2 、動名詞作主語：動名詞也可直接用作主語，或者用it作形式主語。例如：Learningwithoutpracticeisnogood.It'snogoodreadingindimlight.It'snousesittingherewaiting.It'sdangerousswimmingintheseainwindydays.Thereisnosayingwhatwillhappennext.3、動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別(1) 不定式作主語經(jīng)常表示具體動作，或者表示將要進行的動作。而動名詞作主語經(jīng)

3、常表示抽象的一般性的動作。例如：It'snogoodforyoutoeatsomuchfat.(有具體的人foryou)It'snogoodeatingtoomuchfat.(泛指)(2) 不定式的邏輯主語常用of,for表示；動名詞邏輯主語則常用物主代詞、名詞、代詞表示。例如：Itisstupidofyoutowritedowneverythingtheteachersays.(ofyou)It'snouseyourpretendingthatyoudidn'tknowtherules.(your)Thedoctorsuggestedthemhavingthe

4、irhealthcheck-uponceayear.二、作賓語1、不定式作賓語(1) 以下動詞后,一般只用不定式作賓語.如:agree,attempt，apply，ask,aim,arrange,beg，choose,decide,demand,expect,fail,help,hope,lean,long,manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wishafford等。Idecidedtoaskformymoneyback.IdecidedthatIwouldaskformymoneyback.Whenourvisittothefar

5、mwasover,weexpectedtostartbackonfoot.Whenourvisittothefarmwasover,weexpectedthatwewouldstartbackonfoot.(2) 不定式可先用it做形式賓語。Wethinkitquiteimportantforustolearnaforeignlanguagewell.Hefeelsithisdutytohelpthepoor.2、動名詞作賓語(1) 以下動詞后,一般只用動名詞作賓語,如:admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imagine,mind

6、,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don'tmind,giveup,insist,on,putoff等。Isuggestspendingoursummervacationinaseasidetown.Youmustgiveupsmoking,foritdoestoomuchharmtoyourhealth.(2) 介詞后只能接動名詞做賓語Ishouldgotoattendthebirthdaycelebrationinsteadofstayingathome.WhataboutinvitingLiJuntomakeaspeech(3) 少數(shù)

7、特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中只用動名詞做賓語。它們可以看作是省略的介詞的形式。例如：havedifficulty(in)doingsth.havenotrouble(in)doingsth.losenotime(in)doingsth.prevent/stop(from)doingsth.thereisnouse(in)doingsth.3、不定式與動名詞做賓語的區(qū)別(1) 動詞后是接不定式還是動名詞作賓語，主要是根據(jù)使用習(xí)慣。有些動詞后一般只接不定式作賓語，而另一些則只用動名詞作賓語。詳見上面的說明。(2) 介詞后只能接動名詞作賓語；還有少數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)后只用動名詞作賓語。詳見上面的說明。(3) 在need,want

8、,require等后表示被動意義時，不定式要用被動語態(tài)，而動名詞不需要。例如：Mybikeneedstoberepaired.Mybikeneedsrepairing.(4) 英語中，有些動詞動詞后既可接不定式也可接動名詞，意義區(qū)別不大，如：begin,continue,start,hate,like,love,need,require,want等.但在下列情況下,一般要用不定式:*would(should)與hate,like,love連用時：I'dliketohaveacupofcoffee.* 當(dāng)begin,continue,start等是進行式時Thestudentsarest

9、artingtoworkonthedifficultmathsproblem.* 當(dāng)begin,continue,start與know,understand等連用時：Isoonbegantounderstandwhatwashappening.4、部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時,意義差別較大。(1) forget,remember,regret后接不定式,表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作,接動名詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如:Don'tforgetfoposttheletterforme.(信還沒有寄出)HaveyouforgottenmeetingherinBeijingAirport(已見過她)Reme

10、mbertoclosethewindowsbeforeyouleave.(窗戶還沒有關(guān))Irememberwritinghimaletterayearago.(信已寫過)Weregrettotellyouthatallofyouarenotinvitedtoattendthemeeting.Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.(2) meantodo打算做某事/meandoing意味著Imeanttocatchupwiththeearlybus.Thismeanswastingalotofmoney.(3) trytodo設(shè)法盡力做某事/tryd

11、oing試著做某事Youshouldtrytoovercomeyourshortcomings.Tryworkingoutthephysicsprobleminanotherway.(4) stoptodo停下當(dāng)前事去做另一件事/stopdoing停止當(dāng)前事Onthewaytotheairport,Istoppedtobuyapaper.You'dbetterstoparguinganddoasyouaretold.(5) can'thelpdoing禁不住/can'thelptodo不能幫助干Theycouldn'thelpjumpingupatthenews

12、.SorryIhavelotsofworktodo.SoIcan'thelptomakeuptheroomforyou.(6) goontodo去做另外一件/goondoing繼續(xù)做此事Hewentontotalkaboutworldsituation.他接著又談了世界形勢We'llgoonfightingsolongasthereisoppressionintheworld.(7) leaveofftodo去做另外一件事/leaveoffdoing停下當(dāng)前事It'stimetoleaveofftalkingandtostartacting.Theyleftofftog

13、ofishing.三、做表語不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。Tobekindtotheenemyistobecrueltothepeople.Mychiefpurposeistopointoutthedifficultiesofthematter.WhatIwouldsuggestistoputoffthemeeting.Ourworkisservingthepeople.Whathelikesistakingawalkaftersupper.ThestorytoldbyMr.Wangisinteresting.四、作定語1、不定式作定語時，放在被修飾的名詞

14、之后。ThenexttraintoarriveisfromWashington.HaveyouanythingtobetakentoyoursisterDoyouhaveanythingtosayonthequestionWouldyoupleasegivemesomepapertowriteonMywishtovisitFrancehascometrueatlast.2、動名詞作定語時，放在修飾的名詞前面。Thispassagecanbeusedaslisteningmaterials.Thereadingroomofourschoollibrarycanhold800people.Allm

15、ovingbodieshaveenergy.注意：下一句中的standing不是動名詞，而現(xiàn)在分詞短語：hemanstandingattheschoolgateisProfessorHua.五、不定式作補足語不定式可以用作賓語補足語，而動名詞不用作賓語補足語有些情況下不定式的to可以省略。1、不定式作賓語補足語常用不定式作賓補的動詞有:allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive(強迫),encourage,expect,forbid,force,get,wouldlike(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,w

16、arn,wish等，以及短語動詞有:askfor,carefor,callon,counton,dependon,waitfor,longfor,preparefor,wishfor等。WouldyoulikemetogiveyourregardstoMaryIwantyoutounderstandthewholepassageclearly.WeallbelieveJohn(tobe)honest.Iconsiderhim(tobe)oneofthebestbiologyteachersofNo.1MiddleSchool.Weconsiderhimtohavebeenfoolish.Idi

17、dn'thearanyonesayanythingaboutit.Theymakethestudentsdotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Thestudentsaremadetodotoomuchhomeworkeveryday.Wouldyoupleasehelpme(to)fillinthetaxformI'veneverknownher（to）belatebefore.HewasknowntohavebeentoFrancebefore.Youmaydependonthemtobethereearly.ThePartycallsonustoincreas

18、eproductionandpractiseeconomy.2、不定式作主語補足語Hewasnotallowedtoentertheclassroomforbeinglate.Theyounguniversitystudentisconsideredtohavegreatpromise.六、不定式作狀語不定式可以用作狀語，而動名詞不用作狀語。下面只說一下不定式作狀語的用法。1、表示目的Istayedtheretoseewhatwouldhappen.Henryhasdecidedtogotothehospitaltobeexaminedbythedoctor.Bobtookdownmytele

19、phonenumbersoas（inorder）nottoforgetit.Istayedtheresothat（inorderthat）Icouldseewhatwouldhappen.2、表示原因Wearegladtohearthenews.Iwassurprisedtoseethatathree-year-oldbabycouldwritesowell.Thequestionraisedbythestudentisdifficulttoanswer.Theroomisreallycomfortabletolivein.3、表示結(jié)果Wecamehomeafterourholidaytofi

20、ndourgardenneatandtidy.I'mnotsostupid（afool）astoputitinwriting.I'mnotsuchastupidfoolastoputitinwriting.Thespeedishighenoughforustocatchupwiththefirstliner.Janehurriedbackonlytofindhermotherdyinginthehospital.I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.注意：在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，too-to并非是"太而不能"之意。I'monlytoogl

21、adtohavepassedtheexam.考試及格我太高興了。（不定式做原因狀語）Wehavetoomuchtolearn.我們要學(xué)的太多了。（不定式作定語）.4、不定式用作獨立成份常見的短語有tobeexact（確切地說）tobeginwith（首先）todohimjustice（說句對他公道的話）tobesure（真的）Totellthetruth,theplaywasagreatdisappointmenttome.7、 疑問詞+不定式結(jié)構(gòu)動名詞沒有這種結(jié)構(gòu)。WhentoleaveforLondonhasnotbeendecidedyet.Mr.Smithdidn'tknoww

22、hethertoleaveorstaythere.IaskedProfessorXuhowtolearnEnglishwell.Thequestionwaswheretogetthemedicineneeded.8、 動詞不定式與動名詞的的時態(tài)、語態(tài)1、動詞不定式的時態(tài)不定式時態(tài)有三種形式：(1) 一般式：表示動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后或同時發(fā)生。Ihopetobecomeauniversitystudentthisyear.WeoftenhearDickplaythepianointhenextroom.(2) 完成式:表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.Wearetooyoungtohaveseentheoldsociety.(3) 進行式:表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生.如:TheteacherhappenedtobecorrectingourpaperswhenIcamein.Theyseemedtobediscussingsomethingimportant.2、不定式的被動語態(tài)It'sagreathonortobeinvitedtoMary'sbirthdayparty.Itwasimpossibleforlosttimetobemade