高中英語句子成分分析稿件

1、句子成分定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語和謂語次要成分：表語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語、同位語和獨(dú)立成分A.主語I定義：是一個(gè)句子所敘述的主體。一般位于句首，但在therebe結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句(當(dāng)主語不是疑問詞時(shí))和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面。II主語的表現(xiàn)形式1. 名詞Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.ProfessorZhangisafamousscientist.2. 代詞WeoftenspeakEnglishinandoutofcl

2、ass.Whoisthemanstandingoverthere?3. 數(shù)詞One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.Twotimesfiveisten.4. 不定式Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.TomasterEnglishisuseful.5. 動(dòng)名詞Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.Playingfootballinthestreetisdangerous.6. 名詞化的形容詞Therichshouldhelpthepoor.InthenewChina,theoldarelivingahap

3、pylife.7. 從句WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecidedyet.Whetherhe'lljoinusinthediscussionisofgreatimportance.8. itItisdangerousplayingwithfireItisimportanttolearnEnglish.Itisapitythathecannotswim.BI定義：說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語，一般放在主語之后。II謂語的構(gòu)成1. 簡(jiǎn)單謂語由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語構(gòu)成。Hepracticesrunningeve

4、rymorning.Shetakesgoodcareofhermother.2. 復(fù)合謂語(1)由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或其他助動(dòng)詞加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成。Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.You'dbetternottakethemagazineoutofthereading-room.Hehascaughtabadcold.Shedoesritseemtolikedancing(2)由系動(dòng)詞加表語構(gòu)成。Wearestudents.Helookedabitexcited.C. 表語I定義：用于說明主語的身份、特征和狀態(tài)，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞(如sound,feel,taste,look

5、,get,go,become,remain,turn等)之后。II表語的表現(xiàn)形式表語一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、分詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、介詞短語、副詞及表語從句表示。1. 名詞MyteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.Heisanastronaut.2.Isityours?That'sallIwanttotellyou.2. 形容詞Theweatherhasturnedcold.3. 分詞Thespeechisexciting.TheteacherwaspleasedwithmyspokenEnglish.4. 數(shù)詞Threetimessevenistwenty-

6、one.Heisalwaysthefirsttoentertheoffice.5. 不定式HisjobistoteachEnglish.Theirplanistofinishtheexperimentinaweek.6. 動(dòng)名詞Hishobbyisplayingfootball.Mywishisstudyinglawinauniversity.7. 介詞短語Themachinemustbeoutoforder.Heisagainstourplan.8. 副詞Timeisup.Theclassisover.Myfatherisn'tin.Heisout.9. 表語從句Thetruthis

7、thathe'sneverbeenabroad.WhatIwanttoknowiswhenwe'llhavethesportsmeet.D. 賓語I定義：表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞后面。但英語介詞后也要求用賓語。II賓語的表現(xiàn)形式1.名詞Heisgoingtobuyadictionary.2. 代詞Weshouldlearnfromhim.3. 數(shù)詞-Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?-1havefive.4. 名詞化的形容詞或分詞Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.Weshouldtak

8、ethewoundedtothehospitalimmediately.5. 不定式（短語）Hepretendednottoseeme.Shedidn'tknowwhattodonext.6. 動(dòng)名詞（短語）Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.HepractisesspeakingEnglisheveryday.7. 從句Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.Heaskedmewhosepronunciationwasthebestintheclass.III賓語的種類1. 直接賓語Lendmeyourdictionary,please

9、.2.Thecompanysentusafewcomputerslastyear.Hesentabirthdaygifttomeyesterday.2. 復(fù)合賓語Theyelectedhimtheirmonitor.Ifoundthebabyveryhappy.Thenextdayhefoundhimselfinthehospitalwhenhewoke.IoftenaskhimtohelpmewithmyEnglish.Ifinditeasytoanswerthisquestion.3. 介詞賓語Inourschoolabouttwo-thirdsofthestudentsarefromth

10、enorth.E.賓語補(bǔ)足語I .定義：有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語補(bǔ)足語，說明賓語的身份和狀態(tài)，以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.II .賓語補(bǔ)足語的表現(xiàn)形式1. 用名詞表示HisfathernamedhimJim.WeconsiderMr.Zhanganexcellentteacher.2. 用形容詞及其短語表示W(wǎng)ebelievedthereportuntrue.Isawhimyoungandstrong,andnowheisoldandworn.3.

11、用不定式及其短語表示Healwaysencouragedmetoworkhard.Nobodynoticedhimentertheroom.4. 用現(xiàn)在分詞及其短語表示W(wǎng)esawhimenteringtheroom.IheardhersinginganEnglishsong.5. 用過去分詞及其短語表示Theyfoundthecitygreatlychanged.6. 用as引出賓語補(bǔ)足語常用的有regard/treat/take/consider/lookuponasWetakeEnglishasausefultoolforresearchwork.Ilookuponhimasmyteach

12、er.7. 用介詞短語表示W(wǎng)efoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.Wheneveryoumaygo,youwillfindhimatwork.8. 用副詞表示Letthefreshairin.Isawhimoutwithhisfather.9. 用從句表示W(wǎng)ewillmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.F.定語I .定義：修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。II .定語的表現(xiàn)形式1. 形容詞Itisabeautifulcity.2. 分詞（短語）Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadeveloped

13、country.Whoisthemanshakinghandswithourteacher?Thisisthebridgebuiltlastyear.3. 名詞Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.Theyaregoingtoputupawallnewspapernextweekcoffeecupstonebridgeshoeshop4. 代詞HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.5. 數(shù)詞Morethanthirtystudentsinourclasshavereadthebook.6. 名詞所有格Mary&

14、#39;sparentshavegoneabroad.Youshouldfollowthedoctor'sadvice.7. 不定式Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirsttoentertheclassroom.Ihavealotofworktodo.8. 動(dòng)名詞Theteachingplanforthenexttermhasbeenworkedout.Youmustn'ttakethemagazineoutofthereadingroom9. 介詞短語Whoisthegirlinred?HeisreadingabookabouthowtolearnEnglish.

15、10. 副詞Anoiseoutsidemadehimturnaround.Themanintheroombelowisfriendly.11. 從句IwillrememberthedaywhenIfirstmether.G.狀語I .定義：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀tH*。II .狀語的表現(xiàn)形式1. 副詞及副詞性詞組Lighttravelsmostquickly.2. 介詞短語Hehaslivedinthecityfortenyears.3. 不定式（短語）Theboxistooheavyformetolift.4. 分詞（短語）Heisinther

16、oomreadingabook.Encouragedbytheteacher,ImadeupmymindtostudyEnglishwell.5. 名詞（短語）Waitaminute.Wouldyoupleasecomethisway?6. 從句ImustworkharderinorderthatImaycatchupwiththeothers.III .狀語的種類1. 時(shí)間狀語Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?Whenitrains,Iusuallygotoschoolbybus.2. 原因狀語LastnightIdidn'tgotothepartybecauseo

17、ftherain.Sinceyouareverybusy,Iwon'ttroubleyou.3. 條件狀語Ishallgothereifitdoesn'train.4. 地點(diǎn)狀語Mr.Smithlivesonthethirdfloor.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.5. 方式狀語HehasgreatlyimprovedhisspokenEnglishbythismeans.6. 伴隨狀語Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Theteachercamein,followedbyagroupofstudents.7.目的

18、狀語Iwenttheretoseeafriendofmine.BringitclosersothatImayseeitbetter.8. 結(jié)果狀語Heissogoodateacherthatthestudentsloveandrespecthim.9. 讓步狀語Sheworkshardthoughsheisold.10. 程度狀語Iquiteagreewithyou.11. 比較狀語Iamtallerthanheis.ThemoreIspeakEnglish,thebetterIwillbe.H. 同位語I .定義：位于名詞或代詞后面，說明它們的性質(zhì)和情況。II .同位語的表現(xiàn)形式I. 名詞Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.2. 代詞Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.3. 數(shù)詞Heistheoldestamongthemfour.4. 從句Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwo