初中英語(yǔ)_復(fù)合句

1、.WORD完美格式.初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-復(fù)合句本部分內(nèi)容是中考中必考及?？伎键c(diǎn)?？键c(diǎn)詳解：從句的概念：一個(gè)句子在另一個(gè)句子中充當(dāng)成分，充當(dāng)什么成分就做什么狀語(yǔ)。一、賓語(yǔ)從句1、賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句時(shí)，常用 that引導(dǎo)，that無(wú)意義，在口語(yǔ)中和非正式與中常省略。如：The teacher tells us (that) we will have an English test tomorrow.如果賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用 whether。如：I don ' t k

2、now ifwhether she will come here.Sorry, I don ' t know whether he will come or not賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問(wèn)詞。如：Could you tell me where the post office is ?The teacher asked the students what they were doing.2、賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)主句的時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如：Do you know who was talking with at 8 o 

3、9; clock last night?主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的某一過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。如：He told me that he had been to England twice.從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍現(xiàn)象，自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如She said the sun rises in the east.3、賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)從句要使用陳述句語(yǔ)序，“引導(dǎo)詞+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+其他”。如：I want to know when the train left.由do,does,did構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，在裝換成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要去電 do,does,d

4、id,且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如：Does he sing well ? The music teacher asked him.-> The music teacher asked himif (whether) he sang well.如果是will,be , have ,can組成的疑問(wèn)句，在變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要把這些詞還原到謂語(yǔ)位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如：Will you be free tomorrow ? She asked me.-> She asked me if (whether) I would befree tomorro

5、w.4、賓語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)hope, wish , decide ,agree , choose等時(shí)，從句可以簡(jiǎn)化為不定式。I hope that I can receive your e-mail.=I hope to receive you e-mail.當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是 know, remember, forget , learn等時(shí)，從句可簡(jiǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)句+不定式”。She doesn ' t know what she should do next.=She doesn ' t kno

6、w what to do next.5、否定轉(zhuǎn)移在主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱(chēng)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)think , believe , suppose等時(shí)，要將從句的否定詞轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中，即主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用否定形式，而從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用肯定形式。I don ' t think he will come with you.二、狀語(yǔ)從句類(lèi)型引導(dǎo)連詞例句時(shí)間 狀語(yǔ) 從句when, while, as, before, after, since, until, as soonasYou didn' t look very when you got up this morning.條件 狀語(yǔ)

7、 從句if , as long as , unlessI 'll stay at home if it rains tomorrow.原因 狀語(yǔ) 從句because, since, as, forYou can' t go there alone because you are too young.目的 狀語(yǔ) 從句So that, in order thatPlease say it in a loud voice so that everyone can hear it.結(jié)果 狀語(yǔ) 從句so.thatsuch.thatIt ' s so hot that we wan

8、t to go swimming.讓步 狀語(yǔ) 從句thoughalthough, even if, wheneverEven though he is eighty, the man looks strong and healthy.比較 狀語(yǔ) 從句than, as.as, not asso.asHe runs as fast as Mike.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句(1)當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)或祈使句，表示將來(lái)的意義時(shí)，從句通常用一般將 來(lái)時(shí)，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)“主將從現(xiàn)”。如：I ' ll ring you as soon as I get up.when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，通常表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生；

9、before表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之前；after則表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之后；as 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，往往表示主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，不分先后。(3)until 和till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句用肯定形式，表示這一動(dòng)作或狀 態(tài)一直延續(xù)到untiltill 所表示的時(shí)間為止。如：I ' ll wait for you till you come to see me.主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，用否定形式表示主句的動(dòng)作直到until所表示的時(shí)間才發(fā)生。構(gòu)成句式 notuntil,有時(shí)不用not,而用其他如never, nothing等表示否定

10、意義的詞。如：I didn ' t go to bed until I finished my homework.(4)since 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“自. 以來(lái)”，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn) 在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。機(jī)構(gòu)為：It has beensince+ 從旬It is.since+ 從旬。如：I have worked in this school since I graduated from Beijing University.It is 10 years since I began to study English.條件狀語(yǔ)從句(1)主句為一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

11、。如：I ' ll visit the Great Wall if it doesn' t rain tomorrow.(2)如果if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的前提或條件將來(lái)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)或正在進(jìn)行， 從何要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或進(jìn)行時(shí)，主句通常用將來(lái)時(shí)。如：We will give you a good price if you are thinking of buying it.(3) ”祈使句+andor+陳述句”中，祈使句在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 如：Use your head, and you ' ll find a way.=If you use your hea

12、d ,you ' ll find a way.原因狀語(yǔ)從句(1)原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常用because、since、as引導(dǎo)。這三個(gè)詞所表示的語(yǔ)氣依次 減弱，用why提問(wèn)用because來(lái)回答。如：I did that because she told me .(2)如果狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的原因是人們已知的事實(shí)，就要用 since ,而不用as或 becauseo Since在這里的意思是“既然”。如：Since you can ' t answer the question, you can ask someone for help.目的狀語(yǔ)從句(1)引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從何的詞或詞組有 so

13、 that , in order that等，謂語(yǔ)中常含有 may might, can, could , will , would 等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：He must get up early so that he can go to work on time.(2)當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可用 so as to, in order to . 如:He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=He worked day and night in order to succeed.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句(1)由sothat, suchth

14、at引導(dǎo),其區(qū)別： So+adjadv+that Such+aan+(adj+)單數(shù)名詞 +that Such+ (adj+ )復(fù)數(shù)名詞 +that Such +(adj+)不可數(shù)名詞+that So +adj+aan+ 單數(shù)名詞 +that當(dāng)名詞前有many或much修飾時(shí)，用so而不用such。如：She is such a lovely girl that we love her very much.=She is so lovely a girl that we love her very much.We have so much time that we can finish the

15、 work very well.(2)so.that句型的否定形式可用簡(jiǎn)單句too.to 或not.enough to代替。The peach is so sour that we can ' t eat it.=The peach is too sour to eat.=The peach is not sweet enough to eat.三、定語(yǔ)從句含有定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)： 先行詞+關(guān)系詞+ 定語(yǔ)從句。定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系 詞的作用：關(guān)系詞作用先行 詞例句that,主語(yǔ)、人The foreigner who speaks good Chinese is fromwho, wh

16、om賓語(yǔ)Canada.that, which主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)物I wanted to know which school it was you went to .whose賓語(yǔ)人、物Wedon' t like the boy whose father is a manager.when狀語(yǔ)時(shí)間I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.where狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)This is where my mother works.why狀語(yǔ)原因Could you explain the reason why you were late?關(guān)系代詞的用法

17、一般情況下，that既可指人又可指物，可以代替 who, whomf口 which ,在從句中 作主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，但不能放于介詞后，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)；which指物，在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞及介詞的賓語(yǔ)；who在從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)；whornift從句中賓語(yǔ)；whose在從句中作定語(yǔ)。如：A doctor is a person who looks after people ' s health.先行詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓T定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞Who寸關(guān)系代詞，在丁定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。下列情況中，先行詞指物時(shí)，只能用 that引導(dǎo)，不能用which ：1、先行詞時(shí) all , l

18、ittle , much, none, everything , nothing 等不定代詞時(shí)。Is there anything (that) you don ' t understand?Tom told his mother all that had happened.2、當(dāng)先行詞有the only , the very , the last 等修飾時(shí)。This is the only book that I can find.3、當(dāng)序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾先行詞時(shí)。This is the best book that I have ever read.4、當(dāng)先行詞有only, all , any修飾時(shí)。I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.5、當(dāng)主句是以疑問(wèn)句 which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。Wh