高中語法大全高中英語學習資料匯總

1、高中語法大全一、考點聚焦 1、名詞性從句中連接詞的運用名詞性從句中的連接詞有連詞that / whether / as if，連接代詞what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，連接副詞where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。（1）that的用法。主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句中用that但不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we

2、dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.賓語從句中的連接詞that有時可省有時又不可省，在以下幾種情況中that不能省略：（A）當that從句和主句謂語動詞之間有插入詞語或者從句主語之間有插入語時，that不可省略；（B）當that 從句與另一名詞性從句并列作賓語時，that不能省；（C）當that作介詞賓語時，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Ev

3、eryone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that從句作主語和賓語時，可以用it 來替換成以下幾種結構表達。(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that .（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested

4、 that （D）It seems/happens that。如：It happened that I went out last night.It is said that China will win in the World Cup.that和what的區(qū)別。that 引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中不以當任何句子成分，也沒有任何含義；而what引導名詞性從句時，在主從句中都要充當一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定語從句中的先行詞 + 關系代詞即常說的先行詞 + that。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he say

5、s.同位語從句與定語從句中that的區(qū)別。同位語從句中的連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不擔當任何句子成分；而定語從句中的關系代詞that在句中做賓語或主語，賓語與先行詞有修飾關系。如果句子是同位語從句，就應用連詞that而不能用which.同位語從句一般放在表具體含義的名詞后解釋名詞的含義或內(nèi)容，如以下名詞：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定語從句只是對先行詞的限定和修飾。如：They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China

6、again.(同位語從句)The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定語從句） （2）whether和if的用法。whether和if在賓語從句中可以互換，但是作介詞賓語時連接詞一般用whether。如：It all depends on whether they will come back.后面直接跟or not 時用whether。如：I didnt know whether or not he had arrived in Wuhan.主語從句表語從句中只能用whether。如：Whethe

7、r the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.The question is whether they have so much money.whether可以引導同位語從句，用以說明前面的名詞的內(nèi)容，if不能。如：We ought to discuss carefully the question whether we can do it or not.whether常與or連用表示一種選擇，if不能這樣用；whether也可與動詞不定式連用但if不能。如：The question of whether they are mal

8、e or female is not impor-tant.I have not decided whether to go or not.間接引語位于句首時或者是間接引語提前時用whether不用if。如：Thank you, but whether Ill be free Im not sure at the moment.whether可引導一個讓步狀語從句表示“不管”、“無論”，而if不能。如：Whether he comes or not, we will begin our party on time.（3）疑問詞 + ever和no matter + 疑問詞的區(qū)別。疑問詞 + e

9、ver可引導名詞性從句，在主從句中要充當一定的部分。如：Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.You can choose whatever you like in the shop.疑問詞 + ever還可引導讓步狀語從句。如：Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,Whatever you do, you must do it well.no matter + 疑問詞只能引導讓步狀語從句。如：No matter what you do, you must do it well.No matter

10、who breaks the rule, he must be punished.（4）when和where引導的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。when 和where前面的名詞若是表示時間、地點的名詞，則when和where引導的是定語從句，否則則為同位語從句。如：They put forward the question where they could get the money.This is the place where the accident happened.2、名詞性從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)一致（1）賓語從句中主句和從句的時態(tài)保持一致，但如果從句中表示提示的是客觀現(xiàn)象，雖然主句是

11、過去時態(tài)，從句仍用一般現(xiàn)在時。如：Hello,I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here?The teacher told us that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主語從句作主語相當于單數(shù)第三人稱作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，如果由and 連接兩個或兩個以上的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)；由兩個或多個連接詞引導一個主語從句，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they

12、will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.3、名詞性從句的詞序名詞性從句在句中要用陳述句語序。如：He asked me what was the matter with me.Weve heard the news that well move into the new house.Whatever you say will interest us all.二、精典名題導解選擇填空1. A computer

13、can only do _ you have instructed it to do.(NMET 2001)A.how B.after C.what D.when解析：答案為C。本題考查的是名詞性從句作賓語的用法。此句的引導詞既作連詞又在賓語從句中充當一成分，故what最合適。2. I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that _ you had a few days off ? (NMET 99)A.why B.when C.what D.where解析：答案為A。此題考查的是從句的用法。根據(jù)題意“我上周開車去珠?？春娇照谷チ??！毕?/p>

14、面一句接著問：“那就是你為什么離開的原因嗎？”故用why引導表語從句表示原因。3. I hate _ when peope talk with their mouths full.(NMET 98)A.it B.that C.these D.them解析：答案為A。本題考查的是形式賓語的用法。題意為“我討厭人們談話時嘴里塞滿東西”。該空白處沒有任何含義，而且已經(jīng)用了when連接該賓語從句，所以此處只填一個形式賓語it。語法復習十：動詞的語氣虛擬語氣一、語氣的定義和種類l、語氣：語氣是動詞的一種形式，它表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。2、語氣的種類：(1)陳述語氣: 表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實

15、的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。如：We are not ready. 我們沒準備好。What a fine day it is!多好的天氣啊!(2)祈使語氣: 表示說話人的建議、請求、邀請、命令等。如: Open the door, please。請打開門。(3)虛擬語氣: 表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設或推測等。如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就學英語了。May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虛擬語氣在條件從句中的用法 條件句有兩類，一類是真實條件句，一類是虛擬

16、條件句。如果假設的情況是有可能發(fā)生的，就是真實條件何。在這種真實條件句中的謂語用陳述語氣。如: If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就去公園。如果假設的情況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天見到你，他會問你這件事的。(事實上他昨天沒見到你，因此也未能問你這件事。)在含有虛擬條件句的復合句中，主句和從句的謂語都要用虛擬語氣?，F(xiàn)將虛擬條件從句

17、和主句的動詞形式列表如下: 從 句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形與過去事實相反had + 過去分詞 would/ should/ could/ might + have + 過去分詞與將來事實相反 動詞過去式，should + 動詞原形，were to + 動詞原形would/ should/ could/ might + 動詞原形注: 主句中的should只用于I、we，但在美國英語中，should常被would代替；從句中的should 可用于各種人稱。l、表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設

18、和結果。如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在這兒 ，一切都沒問題了。 2、表示與過去事實相反的假設和結果。如: If you had taken my advice，you wouldn't (couldnt) have failed in the exam. 如果你按照我的建議去做，你一定不會(不可能)考試不及格。3、表示與將來事實可能相反的假設和結果。如: If it were Sunday tomorrow, I should (would，could，might) go to see

19、my grandmother. 如果明天是星期天，我就 (可能)去看望我奶 奶。If it were to snow this evening, they would not go out. 如果今晚下雪，他們將不出去了。4、有時條件從句中的動作和主句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致（表示錯綜時間的虛擬語氣），這時動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間加以調(diào)整。例如: If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你當初聽了醫(yī)生的話，身體現(xiàn)在就好了。(從句動作指過去，主句動作指現(xiàn)在) 5、虛擬條件句可以轉(zhuǎn)換成下列形式: (l)

20、省略連詞if。在書面語中，如果虛擬條件從句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把這幾個詞放到主語之前，構成主謂倒裝。例如: Should he come (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是來了，讓他給我打個電話。Were I you (If I were you), I would not do it. 我要是你，就不做這事。 (2)用介詞短語代替條件狀語從句。有時假設的情況并不用條件從句表示出來，而是通過介詞短語來表示。如: Without air (If there were not air), there

21、would be no living things. 如果沒有空氣的話，就不會有生物了。But for your help (If it hadnt been for your help) I couldnt have done it. 要是沒有你的幫助，我就不可能完成這件事。 假設的情況有時可以通過上下文或其他方式表現(xiàn)出來。如: I was busy that day. Otherwise I would have gone there with them. (If I hadnt been busy that day, I would have gone there with them.)

22、 我那天很忙，否則，我就和他們一起去那兒了。(如果我那天不忙的話，我就)；I would have finished the work, but I have been ill. (If I hadnt been ill, I would have finished the work.) 我本來該完成這項工作的，但我生病了。(如果我沒生病的話，我就會完成)6、省去條件從句或主句：表示虛擬語氣的主句或從句有時可以省略，但其含義仍可以推知。(1)省去條件從句。如: You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本可以自已洗衣服的。省去了"If

23、 you had wanted to")(事實是:你自己沒洗衣服，因為你不想洗。)(2)省去主句(常用以表示愿望)。如: If my grandmother were with me! 如果我的祖母與我在一起多好啊!(事實是:祖母已不在世。)；If only she had not left! 如果她沒走就好了!(事實是:她已經(jīng)走了。)三、虛擬語氣的其他用法l、虛擬語氣在主語從句中的用法：在"It is important (strange，natural，necessary)that"這類句型里，that所引導的主語從句中的謂語動詞常用 “should十動詞原形

24、”結構，表示某事是"重要"、"奇怪"、"自然"、"必要"等意義。如: It is important that every member (should) inform himself of these rules. 重要的是每個成員知道這些規(guī)則。2、虛擬語氣在賓語從句中用法：(1)在動詞wish后的賓語從句中，表示與現(xiàn)在或過去的事實相反，或?qū)淼闹饔^愿望，從句通常省略連詞that。1)表示對現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動詞用過去式或過去進行式(be動詞一般用were)。如: I wish I knew the answ

25、er to the question. 我希望知道這個問題的答案。(可惜不知道)；2）表示對過去情況的虛擬:從句動詞常用"had十過去分詞"。如: I wish (wished) I hadnt spent so much money. 我后悔不該花那么多錢。(實際上已經(jīng)花掉)；3)表示對將來的主觀愿望:謂語動詞形式為"would十動詞原形"。此時要注意，主句的主語與從句的主語不能相同，因為主句的主語所期望的從句動作能否實現(xiàn)，取決于從句主語的態(tài)度或意愿(非動物名詞除外)。如: I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止；I

26、wish you would come soon. 但愿你立刻來。 (2)在suggest，demand，order，propose，insist，command，request，desire等動詞后的賓語從句中，謂語動詞用“should + 動詞原形”，表示建議、要求、命令等。如: I demand that he (should) answer me immediately. 我要求他立刻答復我。3、虛擬語氣在狀語從句中的用法(1)在帶有even if/ even though引導的讓步狀語從句的主從復合句中，主句和從句都用虛擬語氣，動詞形式與含有非真實條件句的虛擬語氣相同。如: Even

27、 if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office. 即使生了病，他倆去辦公室。 (2)由as if或as though引導的狀語從句表示比較或方式時。從句謂語形式為動詞的過去式(be用were)或 “had十過去分詞”。如: He treated me as if I were a stranger. 他那樣對待我，好像我是陌生人似的。She talked about the film as if she had really seen it. 她談論那部影片，就好像她確實看過一樣。 注:如果表示的事情可能會發(fā)生，那么方式狀語從句中的謂語

28、動詞可用陳述語氣。(3)在in order that或so that引導的目的狀語從句中，謂語動詞多用 “could或might（有時也用should）+ 動詞原形”。如: Mr green spoke slowly so that his students could (might) hear clearly. 格林先生說得很慢，好讓學生聽清楚。 4、虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法：在"It is time (that) "句型中，定語從句的謂語動詞常用虛擬語氣表示將來，動詞形式一般用過去式，意思是"該干某事的時候了"。如: Its (high) time

29、 we did our homework. 我們該做作業(yè)了。5、虛擬語氣在簡單句中的用法(1)情態(tài)動詞的過去式用于現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時，表示說話人的謙虛、客氣、有禮貌，或委婉的語氣，常見于日常會話中。如: It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好別太晚睡覺。(2)在一些習慣表達中。如: I would rather not tell you. 我寧愿不告訴你。(3)用“may + 動詞原形”表示"祝愿"、"但愿”，此時may須置于句首（多用于正式文體中）。如：May you be happy!祝你快樂！M

30、ay good luck be yours.祝你順利。練習、虛擬語氣1. If I _ where he lived, I _ a note to him.A. knew, wouldB. had known, would have sentC. know, would sendD. knew, would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected, they _ here now.A. had started, would beB. started, might beC. had started, would have beenD. will s

31、tart, might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it, I _ then.A. Had I known, would ring him upB. Should I know, would have rung him up C. If I knew; would ring him upD. Had I known; would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _ , she _ absent from school. A. were not ill; wouldn&

32、#39; t beB. had been ill; wouldn't have been C. had been ill; should have beenD. hadn't been ill; could be5. Were I to do it, I _ it some other way. A. will do B. would doC. would have done D. were to do6. I _ him the answer _ possible, but I was so busy then. A. could tell; if it had beenB.

33、 must have told; were it C. should have told; had it beenD. should have told; should it be7. Without your help, we_ so much. A. won ' t achieve B. didn ' t achieve C. don't achieve D. wouldn't have achieved8. You didn't take his advice. _ his advice, you _ such a mistake. A. Had

34、you taken; wouldn't have madeB. If you had taken; would make C. Were you lo take; shouldn t have madeD. Have you taken; won t have made9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school. A. didB. could have doneC. have doneD. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night. A. went

35、B. would goC. had goneD. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up. A. could B. shouldC. would D. were able to12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation. A. could B. mustC. should D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why

36、 hes refused to go there.A. is givenB. must giveC. should give D. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fang's suggestion that he _ Mr. Li to the party? A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite15. I insisted that he _ at once. A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go16. Li Ming insisted

37、 that he _ anything at all.A. hadn ' t stolen B. shouldn ' t steal C. doesn ' t steal D. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again _ them very angry. A. had madeB. would makeC. makesD. make18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world. A. knew B. knows C. has known D. won&

38、#39;t know19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly. A. may hearB. will hearC. hearD. have heard20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train. A. caught B. will catchC. might catch D. shall catch21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health. A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be22. Th

39、at is a good book. You _ it yesterday. A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought23. It is high time we _ home. A. will go B. would goC. have goneD. went24. I ' d rather that you _ home. A. wentB. have goneC. will goD. had gone25. If only I _ to the lecture! A. listenB. will list

40、en C. am listeningD. had listened26. - If he_ , he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not takeB. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not takenD. would have been warned; had not taken27.I didn' t see your sister at the mee

41、ting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did comeC. came D. had come28. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will beC. would have been D. would be29. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have givenB. might giveC. may have givenD.

42、 may give30. If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have toB. are not kept; have to C. do not keep; will have toD. do not keep; have to31. Mike's father, as well as his mother, insisted that he _ home. A. sta

43、yed B. could stayC. has stayed D. stay32. Mr. Smith insisted that he _ the work all.A. had done B. have doneC. did D. so33. Jane would never have gone to the party _ that Mary would come to see her. A. has she known B. had she knownC'. if she know D. if she has known34. If you had enough money,

44、what _ ? A. will you buyB. would you buyC. would you have bought D. will you have bought35. If you _ that film late last night, you wouldn't be so sleepy. A. didn't see B. haven't seenC. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen36. Our monitor requested that _.A. all the class studied more careful

45、ly the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studied D. all the class study the problem more carefully37. - Would you have called her up had it been possible? - Yes, but I _. busy doing my homework.A. wasB. wereC. had beenD. would be38. His tired fac

46、e suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk. A. had been B. wasC. be D. should be39. It is important that we _. A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave40. I didn't kno

47、w his telephone number, otherwise I _ him.A. had telephonedB. would telephoneC. would have telephonedD. telephone語法復習十：動詞的語氣虛擬語氣15 BADAB 610 CDABC 1115 CCDDB 1620 ADAAC 2125 DCDAD 2630 BDDAA 3135 DABBD 3640 DABDC18. 定語從句 定語從句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞,詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系詞（

48、關系代詞或關系副詞）引出。關系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。關系副詞有：when, where, why等。18.1 關系代詞引導的定語從句 關系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當主語、賓語、定語等成分。關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1）who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下： Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是你想見的人嗎？（who/that在從句中作主語） He is the man who

49、m/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天見的那個人。（whom/that在從句中作賓語）2) Whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of which互換）, 例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。3）which, that它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等，例如：A pro

50、sperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。（which / that在句中作賓語）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作賓語）18.2 關系副詞引導的定語從句 關系副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。1）when, where, why 關系副詞when, where, why的含義

51、相當于"介詞 which"結構，因此常常和"介詞 which"結構交替使用，例如： There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的時候。 Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2）that代替關系副詞 that可以用于表示時間、地點、方式、理由的名詞后取代w

52、hen, where, why和"介詞 which"引導的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略，例如： His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.他父親在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住過的地方。18.3 判斷關系代詞與關系副詞 方法一： 用關系代詞，還是關系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就

53、必須要求用關系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you. 判斷改錯（注：先顯示題，再顯示答案，橫線；用不同的顏色表示出。） （錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countr

54、yside. （對） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. （對） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)，也能正確選擇出關系代詞/關系副詞。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on