虛擬條件句的三種基本類型15745

1、精選文檔虛擬語氣在表示一種純假想的狀況或主觀愿望時，動詞需用一種特殊形式，稱為虛擬語氣。虛擬語氣: 表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推想等。如: If I were you, I should study English. （假如我是你，我就學(xué)英語了。）May you succeed! （祝您成功?。?#160;  那在什么狀況下用虛擬語氣? 在表示虛假的、與事實相反的或難以實現(xiàn)的狀況時，用虛擬語氣；表示主觀愿望或表示某種猛烈情感時，也用虛擬語氣。虛擬條件句的三種基本類型條件句有真實條件句和非真實(虛擬)條件句兩種。真實條件句所表示的假設(shè)是有可能發(fā)生的，

2、而非真實條件句則通常表示一種假想，與事實相反或不大可能會發(fā)生，即假如假設(shè)的狀況是過去或現(xiàn)在都不存在的，或?qū)聿淮罂赡馨l(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。：If I have time, I will go with them. 假如我有時間，我就同他們?nèi)ァ?陳述語氣)If I were you, I would go with them. 假如我是你，我就同他們?nèi)ァ?虛擬語氣)虛擬條件句的三種基本類型:一、與現(xiàn)在事實相反若與現(xiàn)在事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”：If you took a taxi，yo

3、ud get there quicker. 假如你坐出租車去，你可以快一點到那里。(但你不坐)If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的電話號碼，我就可以給她打電話了。(惋惜我不知道)二、與過去事實相反若與過去事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去完成時(had+過去分詞)，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+have+過去分詞”：If Id left sooner，Id have been on time. 要是我早點動身，我就準(zhǔn)時到了。(但我動身太遲了)If we had found him earlier

4、we could have saved his life. 要是我們當(dāng)時早點找到他的話，我們就可以救活他。(惋惜我們找到他太晚了)三、與將來事實相反若與將來事實相反，條件從句的謂語用過去式(be通常用were)，主句謂語用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”：If he went，would you go too? 假如他去，你也去嗎?(或許他不會去)If I asked him，Im sure hed help us. 假如我向他提出要求，確定他會掛念我們。(不過我不打算這樣做)注：幾點特殊說明 主句謂語中的should主要用于第一人稱后。would, mi

5、ght, could的大致區(qū)分是：would表示結(jié)果，might表示可能性，could表示力量、允許或可能性。比較：If you tried again you would succeed. 要是你再試一試，你就會成功的。(would表結(jié)果)If you tried again you might succeed. 要是你再試一試，你可能會成功的。(might表可能)If you tried again you could succeed. 要是你再試一試，你就能成功了。(could表力量) 條件從句的謂語動詞為be時，不管其主語為單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)通常都用were，但在口語或非正式文體中的單數(shù)第一

6、人稱和第三人稱后，也可用was，不過在 If I were you這樣的表達(dá)中，通常還是以用were為宜。 有時條件從句用would表示情愿：If he would live on with me, I would be his better half. 要是他還情愿跟我過，我仍會做他的妻子。 對于與將來事實相反的情形，請留意以下幾點：一是這里說的與將來事實相反，實為對將來狀況的推想；二是此用法中的條件從句謂語除用過去式外，有時也用“should+動詞原形”(表示可能性微小，常譯為“萬一”)或“were to+動詞原形”(表示與將來事實相反的假設(shè))；三是當(dāng)條件從句使用“should+動詞原形”

7、這樣的謂語時，主句謂語除可用“should (would, could, might)+動詞原形”這樣的虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣或祈使語氣：If it should rain tomorrow, dont expect me. 萬一明天下雨，就不要等我了。I should see him, Ill tell him. 萬一我見到他，我就告知他。使用虛擬語氣的幾類從句1. wish后賓語從句用虛擬語氣要表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的愿望，從句謂語用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時，表示與過去相反的愿望，從句謂語用過去完成時或would / could+have +過去分詞，表示將來沒有把握或不太可能實現(xiàn)的愿望，用

8、would (could)動詞原形。如：I wish he were more careful. 你是你更認(rèn)真點就好了。I wish I hadnt said that. 我要是沒有說那話就好了。I wish I could speak your language. 但愿我能講你們國家的話。2.if only后的句子用虛擬語氣if only 與 I wish一樣，也用于表示與事實相反的愿望，其后所虛擬語氣的時態(tài)與 wish后所接時態(tài)的狀況相同。如：If only I weren't so nervous. 但愿我不這樣緊急。If only I had listened to your

9、advice! 我要是聽了你的勸告就好了!3. as if (though) 從句用虛擬語氣以as if (as though)引導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句或表語從句，有時用虛擬語氣，若表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，謂語動詞用一般過去時；若表示與過去事實相反，用過去完成時；表示將來的可能性不大，用would (might, could)+動詞原形。如：I love you as if you were my son. 我愛你就像你是我的兒子。注：若從句所內(nèi)容可能為事實，也可用陳述語氣。如：t seems as if we shall have to walk. 好像我們得步行了。4. Its time后的從句用虛

10、擬語氣從句謂語通常用過去式表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，有時也用過去進(jìn)行時或“should+動詞原形”(較少見，且should不能省略)，其意為“(早)該干某事了”。如：Its time we ordered dinner. 現(xiàn)在該叫菜了。I think its time you made up her mind. 我想你該拿定辦法了。注：time前有時有about和high修飾。5. would rather后句子用虛擬語氣通常用一般過去時表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼脑竿?，用過去完成時表過去的愿望。如：Id rather you didn't do it. 你寧愿你別這樣做。I would rather yo

11、u didnt mention the price. 我寧情愿你沒提價錢。6. 某些用虛擬語氣的賓語從句在表示“堅持”、“命令”、“建議”、“要求”等后的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣。這類動詞有人歸納為“一個堅持(insist)、兩個命令(order, command)、三個建議(advise, suggest, propose)、四個要求(demand, require, request, ask)”，這類虛擬語氣由“should+動詞原形”構(gòu)成，其中的should在美國英語中通?？梢允÷?。如：I insisted that he (should) stay. 我堅持要他留下。The doctor

12、advised that he change his job. 醫(yī)生勸他換工作。注：動詞insist, suggest后接賓語從句時，除可用虛擬語氣外，也可用陳述語氣，兩者的區(qū)分是：若從句內(nèi)容尚未成為事實，則用虛擬語氣；若從句內(nèi)容已經(jīng)成為事實，則用陳述語氣。比較：He insisted that I had read his letter. 他堅持說我看過他的信。He insisted that I should read his letter. 他堅持要我看他的信。7. 某些用虛擬語氣的主語從句形容詞important, impossible, necessary等后的主語從句通常用虛擬語氣

13、。如：It is impossible that he should leave here. 他不行能會離開這兒。It is necessary that he be sent there at once.有必要馬上派他到那里去。要留意題中的虛擬語氣請看下面兩道題，雖然不是考查虛擬語氣，但其中的虛擬語氣對做題至關(guān)重要：題1：It looks as if he were drunk.So it does. _.A. Hed better give up drinkingB. He shouldnt have drunk so muchC. Health is more important tha

14、n drinkD. I wonder why he is always doing so【分析】此題最佳答案為D，但A、B、C均有可能誤選，主要是受題中 drunk 一詞的影響。做此題的關(guān)鍵是要抓住It looks as if he were drunk 中的關(guān)鍵詞were，由于它表明此句的謂語為虛擬語氣，也就是說，“他喝醉了”不是事實，只是他的言行好像是喝醉了，所以此題的最佳答案是D。另外留意，句中的 so it does 表示強調(diào)，意為：他看上去的確像是喝醉了。類似用法：The building looks beautiful. 這房子看上去很美。Yes, so it does. 是的，看

15、上去的確很美。此句中的 so it does 也表強調(diào)。題2：I had hoped to see her off at the station, but I _ too busy.A. wasB. had beenC. would beD. would have been【分析】此題簡潔誤選B或D，認(rèn)為前句用了had hoped，所以此句謂語要用B或D與之呼應(yīng)。正確答案為A：前一句謂語用had hoped，表示的是過去未曾實現(xiàn)的想法或打算，可以譯為“本想”，而后一句說“我太忙”，這是陳述過去的一個事實，所以要用一般過去時。請看類例(答案均為A)：(1) We had hoped to catch the 10:20 train, but _ it was gone.A. foundB. had foundC. would findD. would have found(2) We had hoped that you would be able to visit us, but you _.A. didn'tB. hadn'tC. would notD. would not been(3) We