必修4Unit4-3教師用

1、 知識(shí)梳理 1辨析：particular，peculiar，special與especial,這四個(gè)詞都可以表示“特別的”，其中particular指從眾多的事例中選出一個(gè)特別或特殊的；peculiar強(qiáng)調(diào)與眾不同的，含有“獨(dú)特的”意思；special則側(cè)重專門為某人、某事或某種目的；especial常指有意識(shí)地將某物或某事放到“特別的，與眾不同的”地位，多用非式場(chǎng)合。He came to Beijing for a special visit to his friend 他來北京是專門為了看望他的朋友。2連系動(dòng)詞的分類 (1)變化類：become，80，get，grow，fall，turn，

2、run (2)感官類：feel，smell，taste，look，sound (3)顯現(xiàn)類：appear，seem，look (4)狀態(tài)類：keep，stay，come，run，remain，stand，lie，prove，s訌，rest，continue He stayed single all his life他打了一輩子光棍。 Stores in this country stay open“11 twelve o'clock at night.這個(gè)國(guó)家的商店?duì)I業(yè)到晚上十二點(diǎn)。 3graduate (1)認(rèn)畢業(yè)；授予某人學(xué)位、畢業(yè)文憑等 He graduated from the

3、 school in 1995 他于1995年從該校畢業(yè)。 The college graduated 50 students from the science department last year該學(xué)院去年有50名理科畢業(yè)生。 (2) n. (大學(xué)等)畢業(yè)生 More than 100 graduates applied for the position 一百多名大學(xué)生申請(qǐng)這一職位。 4分詞作定語和狀語 分詞可分為兩種形式，即v.-ing形式和v.-ed形式。 (1) v.-ing形式 作定語 v.-ing形式的單詞可以充當(dāng)名詞的前置修飾詞，這時(shí)它有兩種情況： a. v.-ing形式表示

4、“供之用(used for，)”的意思，這類作定語的v.-ing形式稱之為動(dòng)名詞。 a walking stick (a stick used for walking)手杖，drinking water飲用水，a waiting room候車診室b. v.-ing形式表示“的”意思，稱之為現(xiàn)在分詞。 a walking child(a child who is walking)正在走路的孩子， working people勞動(dòng)人民，the rising sun正在升起的太陽 v.-ing形式短語作定語時(shí)，一般放在它所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。 The boy standing the

5、re is a classmate of mine. 站在那兒的那個(gè)男孩是我的一個(gè)同學(xué)。 作狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞短語用作狀語時(shí)，可以表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨、方式或結(jié)果等。從分詞的時(shí)間意義上講，一般式表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生；從語態(tài)意義上講，現(xiàn)在分詞一般式往往表示主動(dòng)，它所修飾的人或物是現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。 a表示時(shí)間 Hearing the news，he couldn't help laughing.一聽到那個(gè)消息，他禁不住大笑起來。 b表示原因 Being poor，he couldn't afford a TV set. 因?yàn)楦F，他買不起電視機(jī)

6、。 c表示條件 Working hard，you'll surely succeed(=If you work hard,) 如果努力工作，你就一定會(huì)成功。 d表示伴隨或方式 The boy sat in front of the farmhouse，cutting the branch.那個(gè)男孩坐在農(nóng)舍前砍樹枝。 e表示結(jié)果 The child dipped and fell，hiring his head against the door那孩子滑了一跤，頭撞到了門上。注意現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)應(yīng)注意的問題：a.現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)作狀語時(shí)，要注意分詞的時(shí)間性，即注意是用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般

7、式(doing)還盡完成式(having done)。當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的一般式，當(dāng)現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作先發(fā)生，而謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作后發(fā)生時(shí)，用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式。b.有時(shí)現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)有自己的邏輯主語，它們之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，稱為獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。它在句中也作狀語。If being a holiday，dl the shops were shut由于是假日，所有的商店都關(guān)門了。Class being over，children could play football下課了，孩子們可以踢足球了。c有少數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞并不表示主語的動(dòng)作，即不存在其邏輯主語必須和

8、句子主語一致的問題，只是表示說話人的態(tài)度。常這樣用的有：generallyfranklyproperly speaking一般坦白恰當(dāng)說來judging fromby從判斷considering考慮到supposing假設(shè)(使)d獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)前加上with，構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。With time going by，we become more confident 隨著時(shí)間的推移，我們也變得更自信了。 (2) v.-ed形式v.-ed形式即傳統(tǒng)語法中所說的動(dòng)詞的過去分詞，它也是一種非謂語動(dòng)詞。作定語a.作定語的v.-ed形式如果是單個(gè)的詞，一般放在它所修飾的名詞前面，表示被動(dòng)和完成；而v.-ing 形

9、式作前置定語則表示主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行的含義。比較：boiled water開水 boiling water沸騰的水frozen food冷凍食品 a freezing wind刺骨的寒風(fēng)developed countries發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 developing countries發(fā)展中國(guó)家b.v-ed形式短語作定語，要放在它所修飾的名詞后面。This is one of the houses built last year這是去年建的房子中的一所。作狀語v.-ed形式短語作狀語可表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、讓步、伴隨狀況等，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句。這種形式(短語)作狀語時(shí)，句子的主語是v.-ed形式所表示的動(dòng)作

10、的承受者。Born a free man，he was now in chains他生來是個(gè)自由人，現(xiàn)在卻戴上了鐐銬。(表示讓步)Well known for his expert advice，he was able to help a greatnumber of people with their personal affairs他的足智多謀廣為人知，因此他能幫助很多人解決私事。(表示原因) 典題精練1. Those T-shirts are usually $ 35 each, but today they have a _ price of $ 19 in the shopping

11、center.A. regular B. special C. cheap D. particular2.-Mummy, can I put the cherries in the cupboard? -No, dear. They don't_ well; put them in the fridge instead.A. keep B. fit C. get D. last3._ many times, he finally understood it.A. Told B. TellingC. Having told D. Having been told4. A small pl

12、ane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _all four people on board. A. killed B. killing C. kills D. to kill5. _in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. A. To walk B. Walking C. Walked D. Having walked6.The decision _, what is to be done now is how to c

13、arry it out. A. is made B. has been made C. having been made D. having made7.The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung8. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _in your mind instead of before your eyes.

14、A. to form B. form C. forming D. having formed9. _ the poem a second time, you will understand it better. A. Your having read B. Read C. If reading D. When read10._ to give up smoking, he threw away his_ cigarettes. A. Determined; remained B. Determined; remaining C. Determining; remained D. Determi

15、ning; remaining11.-Who would you like to see at the moment? -The man_ Mr Grant. A. called himself B. we call him C. calling himself D. is called12.The schoolboys and schoolgirls are walking along the street, _ a small red cap. A. each of them has B. they each have C. every wears D. each wearing13.Wi

16、th time _ by, our school become more and more beautiful. A. to pass B. pastC. passed D. passing語法填空W: Hi, come in. Can I take your coat?M: Sure, thanks. I bought you 1 bottle of wine.W: Youre the first guest 2 (arrive). Ill just put your coat away 3 then Ill get you something to drink.M: Should I ta

17、ke my shoes off?W: Whatever you prefer.M: This is a very nice place. 4 have you been living here now?W: Just over three weeks. Would you like a drink?M: Sure, what do you have?W: Ive got white wine, red wine, lemonade, orange juice, and sprite.M: Id like to have a 5 of red wine.W: One glass of red w

18、ine coming up!M: So how many people 6 (come) for the dinner tonight?W: There are just going to be six of us tonight.M: Oh, I thought there were going to be eight. Who isnt coming?W: Marcia and Paul called to cancel 7 the last moment. Paul was running late and Marcia wasnt feeling 8 M: Thats too bad.

19、 Theyre such good 9 (companion)W: I think theres someone at the door. Excuse me while 10 (go) and get that. 能力提升1.-Why did she spend so much time searching shop after shop only for a blouse? -Oh, she was very _ about her clothes. A. special B. particular C. especial D. Unusual 2. Language was, is an

20、d will _ the chief mean of exchange of ideas. A. stay B. become C. seem D. look 3. European football is played in 80 countries, it the most popular sport in the world. A. making B. makes C. made D. to make 4. "We can't go for an outing in this weather," said our teacher,_ out of the wi

21、ndow of ourclassroom. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 5. A beautiful woman came _ to the bus stop only _ the bus had gone. A. to run; finding B. running; to find C. and ran; found D. running; finding 6. _ Monday, rather than _ at home, I preferred _ A. It being; stay; to travel B. B

22、eing; to stay; to travel C. Having been; stay; travel D. It was; to stay; travel 7. Before _ yellow, the house should be cleaned thoroughly.A. painting B. having been paintedC. being painted D. have been painted 8. The key _, I couldn't enter the office.A. was lost B. having been lostC. be lost

23、D. being lost 隨堂小測(cè) 1. _ in the queue for half an hour, Franz suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited2. _his exercise book, he was scolded by the teacher.A. Not having handed in B. Having not handed inC. Not handing in D. Handing not in3. _ in such a hurry, his composition has many mis