5動(dòng)詞八大時(shí)態(tài)

1、 初中英語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)講義一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式:主語+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主語+ am/is/are +not + 其他一般疑問句式:Am /Is /Are + 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + am/ is /are （否）No,主語+am/is/are not肯定句式: 主語+動(dòng)詞原形/動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他否定句式: 主語+（助動(dòng)詞） don't/doesn't +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式: Do/Does+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答: (肯)Yes,主語+do/does (否)No,主語+do/does not 縮寫

2、形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法1） 表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的副詞連用。常用的頻度副詞有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays。頻度副詞在句中通常放在行為動(dòng)詞之前，系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后。例如: He often goes swimming in summer.他夏天經(jīng)常游泳。I usually leave home for school at

3、 7 every morning. 每天早上我七點(diǎn)離開家。2）表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。例如：My father is at work.He is very busy. 我父親在工作，他很忙。 The boy is twelve. 這男孩十二歲。3）表示主語具備的性格、特征和能力等。例如：All my family love football .我全家人都喜歡足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹總是樂于助人。Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英語寫得不錯(cuò)，講的可不行。4)表示客

4、觀真理，客觀存在，自然現(xiàn)象。例如：The earth moves around the sun. 地球繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中國東部。5）表示按計(jì)劃或安排好的，或?qū)⒁l(fā)生的動(dòng)作，可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來。但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,re等。例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。 He comes back tonight. 他今晚回來。6）在復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句是一般將來時(shí)，時(shí)間或條件狀語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞只能用一般現(xiàn)

5、在時(shí)來表示將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. 他回來時(shí)，我將告訴他這個(gè)消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受這份工作，他們將和你談?wù)劶?xì)節(jié)。 動(dòng)詞的第三人稱詞尾變化：當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞需加-s或-es：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在詞尾加-s，(清輔音后讀s，在濁輔音后讀z；在t后讀ts,在d后讀dz。)playleaveswimplaysleavesswims以字母s,x,ch,sh,

6、o結(jié)尾的詞加-es，讀iz,如果動(dòng)詞原形詞尾已有e,則只加-s。passfixteachwishdopassesfixesteacheswishesdoes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，先變y為i, 再加-es,讀z。studycarryflystudiescarriesflies注意：動(dòng)詞have的第三人稱單數(shù)是has.一般過去時(shí)一般過去時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)肯定式:主語+ was/were +其他否定式:主語+ was/were +not + 其他一般疑問句式: Was/Were + 主語+ 其他?簡略回答: (肯) Yes,主語 + was/were （否）No,主語+ was/were not肯定句式:

7、主語+動(dòng)詞過去式+其他否定句式: 主語+（助動(dòng)詞）didnt +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式: Did+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡略回答: (肯)Yes,主語+did (否)No,主語+did not 一般過去時(shí)的用法 1）表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1982, ago, an hour ago, long long ago, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), at the age of 5, one day

8、, once upon a time等連用。在一般過去式中，要表達(dá)“過多少時(shí)間之后”，一般用after。幾年后。例如：Where did you go just now? 剛才你上哪兒去了？ After a few years, she started to play the piano.幾年后，她開始彈鋼琴。2）表示在過去，經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常與often,always等表示頻度的副詞連用。例如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，常在馬路上踢足球。 3）一般過去式也可與toda

9、y,this week,this month,this year等表現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間壯語連用，但這些時(shí)間壯語須指過去的時(shí)間，決不包含“現(xiàn)在”“此時(shí)此刻”的意思。例如：Did you see him today?今天你看見他了嗎？動(dòng)詞過去式的規(guī)則變化：構(gòu)成規(guī)則動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過去式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-ed，(在清輔音后讀t；在濁輔音和元音后讀d；在t,d后讀id。lookplayworklookedplayedworked結(jié)尾是e的動(dòng)詞在末尾加-dlikelivehopelikedlivedhoped末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-edplanstopdropplanneds

10、toppeddropped結(jié)尾是“輔音字母y”的動(dòng)詞，先變“y”為“I”再加-edstudyworrycrystudiesworriescries注：不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過去式參見八年級(jí)下冊(cè)P142?，F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：am/is/are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1.表示現(xiàn)在（指說話人說話時(shí)）正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。常與now, right now, at this moment, at this time, these days等時(shí)間壯語連用。例如： We are waiting for you now. 我們正在等你。2.表示現(xiàn)階段（說話前后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)），一直在進(jìn)行的活動(dòng)。說話時(shí)動(dòng)作未

11、必正在進(jìn)行。例如：Mr. Green is writing another novel.他在寫另一部小說。（說話時(shí)并未在寫，只處于寫作的狀態(tài)。） He is thinking about this problem.這些天來他一直在考慮這個(gè)問題。3.表示反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)存在的狀態(tài)，常與always, constantly, forever 等詞連用，往往帶有說話人的主觀色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind. 你老是改變主意。4.表示漸變，這樣的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：The le

12、aves are turning red. 葉子在變紅。 It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越來越熱了。 5、表移動(dòng)的終止性動(dòng)詞（come, go, arrive, leave,等）用于現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示即將要發(fā)生動(dòng)作。例如：I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 The train is arriving soon. 火車要到了。動(dòng)詞V-ing的構(gòu)成形式規(guī)則原形-ing形式一般在動(dòng)詞原形末尾加-inglistenspendstaylisteningspendingstaying以不發(fā)音字母e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e，再加

13、-inghaveprepareclosehavingpreparingclosing以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如果末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，應(yīng)先雙寫這個(gè)輔音字母，再加-ingsitbeginrunputsittingbeginningrunningputting以ie為重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，先去掉e,把i改為y,再加-ingliedielyingdying以er結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，如是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫r，再加-ing；如不是重讀音節(jié)結(jié)尾，就直接加-ingpreferwaterpreferringwatering過去進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(-ing) 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法：1、

14、表示在過去某時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，通常與表過去的時(shí)間壯語連用。例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp.昨天這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正在收拾東西去露營。2、在含有時(shí)間壯語從句的復(fù)合句中，表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)或發(fā)生之后，另一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。例如：It was raining when they left the station. 他們離開車站時(shí)，正下著雨。 When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.我到達(dá)山頂時(shí)，陽光燦爛。一般將來時(shí)一般將來時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句式：主語+

15、助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定句式：主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形+not+其他一般疑問句式：助動(dòng)詞Will+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他簡單回答：在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后常縮為ll，wii not常簡縮為wont。在疑問句中，主語為第一人稱時(shí)（I和we）時(shí)，常用助動(dòng)詞shall。例如：Shell go to play basketball. 她要去打籃球。 Shall we go to the zoo? 我們要去動(dòng)物園嗎？肯定句式：主語+be going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他否定句式：主語+be not going to +動(dòng)詞原形+其他一般疑問句式：Be+主語+going to+動(dòng)詞

16、原形+其他簡略回答：（肯）Yes,主語+be （否）No,主語+be not 一般將來時(shí)的用法1、表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow, next day(week, month, year), soon, in a few minutes, by, the day after tomorrow等連用。 例如：I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.2、表示說話人對(duì)于將來的看法、假設(shè)和推測(cè)，通常用be afraid, be/feel sure, hope, know, think等后面的從句或與副詞p

17、erhaps,possibly,maybe等連用。例如：I think shell go back home for supper. 我想她會(huì)回家吃飯。 Maybe shell go to the gym.也許她會(huì)去體育館。(be going to +不定式，表示將來)1、表示主語進(jìn)行某一行動(dòng)的打算意圖。這種打算常經(jīng)過預(yù)先考慮并含有自己做好某些準(zhǔn)備的意思。即計(jì)劃，安排要發(fā)生的事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？The play is going to be produced next month。這出戲下月開播。2、表示說話人確信如

18、此或有某種跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。3、注意：be going to 和will之間的區(qū)別。 兩者都用于預(yù)測(cè)時(shí)，be going to意指有跡象表明某件事將要發(fā)生，屬客觀的推測(cè)；will則意指說話人認(rèn)為/相信某件事將要發(fā)生，屬主觀的推測(cè)。be +不定式表將來，表示客觀安排或受人指示而將要做某事。例如：We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我們下星期六討論這份報(bào)告。例如：He is about to leave fo

19、r Beijing. 他馬上要去北京?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語+助動(dòng)詞have（has）+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed 否定句：主語+助動(dòng)詞have（has）+not(havent,hasnt)+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed 一般疑問句：Have(Has)+ 主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed+？ 特殊疑問句：疑問詞+have(has)+ 主語+動(dòng)詞過去分詞-ed+？注意：過去分詞的構(gòu)成：過去分詞的規(guī)則變化與動(dòng)詞過去式的變化相同，在動(dòng)詞詞尾加-ed；不規(guī)則變化的過去分詞見九年級(jí)下冊(cè)教科書p74不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1、表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, yet

20、, ever, never, just，before 等詞連用。例如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚飯了嗎？You have already grown much taller.你已經(jīng)長高了許多。2、表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間壯語連用，常用的有：for一段時(shí)間；since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。（Since 用來說明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來說明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長度），提問用How long. 例如：It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。

21、They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語了。 3、在表示“最近幾世紀(jì)/ 年/ 月以來”時(shí)間狀語中，謂語動(dòng)詞用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries 等 4、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)瞬間動(dòng)詞即終止性動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。常見終止性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 (或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞) 的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系如下:come / go / arrive /

22、get / reach / move- be in/at open - be open die - be dead close - be closed become -be borrow - keep put on - wear buy - have leave - be away (from) begin / start - be on fall asleep - be asleepend/finish - be over catch a cold - have a cold join the army - be in the army, be a soldier join the Part

23、y- be in the Party , be a Party member 例：吉姆買這支已有兩年了。Jim bought this pen two years ago.Jim has had this pen for two years. Jim has had this pen since two years ago. Jim has had this pen since 2007 It is two years since Jim bought this pen.5、have / has been to + 地點(diǎn) 意為“曾去過某地”，暗含目前已不在該地，僅表示當(dāng)事人的一種經(jīng)歷而已。 h

24、ave / has gone to + 地點(diǎn) “到了某地去了”，暗含“已離開原地去了某地”之意，但是否到達(dá)了某地尚不確定。 如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。 He has been to Shanghai. 他去過了上海。 *比較一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 一般過去時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作，不和現(xiàn)在發(fā)生聯(lián)系，常與具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now等，；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在的情況，不能與表過去的時(shí)間壯語連

25、用。 I saw this film yesterday. （強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過了）I have seen this film. （強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了）Why did you get up so early? （強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過了）He has been a League member for three years. （強(qiáng)調(diào)他是團(tuán)員） 附表1：動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式及過去分詞變化規(guī)則：動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在分詞過去式及過去分詞一般情況-s-ing-ed以-s,-sh,-ch,-o, -x結(jié)尾-es以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾變y為i再加-es變y為i再加-ed以重讀

26、閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫后再加ing雙寫后再加ed以字母e結(jié)尾去e再加ing只加d附表2：動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去式及過去分詞變化規(guī)則：巧記ABB型:原形特征過去式過去分詞例 詞- eep-ept-eptkeep, sweep, sleep-ell-old-oldsell, tell-end-ent-entlend, spend, send-ay-aid-aidsay, pay-n-nt-ntburn, learn, mean-ing,-ought-oughtbring, buy, fight, think-each-aught-aughtcatch, teach巧記ABC

27、型:原形特征過去式過去分詞例 詞-eak-oke-okenbreak, speak-eal-ole-olensteal-ear-ore-ornwear, bear, tear-ow-ew-owngrow, blow, know, throw-i-a-u-sink, swim, drink, ring, sing, begin-i-o-ndrive, rise, ride, write巧記AAA型:擊中、 受傷、 讓、 吐痰、去掉、 花費(fèi)、 讀、 放、 砍hit, hurt, let, spit, rid, cost, read, put, cut附表3：常見短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換 短暫性

28、動(dòng)詞相應(yīng)的持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)態(tài)中的形式borrowkeephave keptbuyhavehave hadopenbe openhave been openget marriedbe marriedhave been marriedfall asleepbe asleephave been asleepgo to bedbe in bedhave been in bedcome herebe herehave been herego therebe therehave been therestart/ beginbe onhave been onjoinbe inhave been incatc

29、h a coldhave a coldhave had a colddiebe deadhave been deadclosebe closedhave been closedfall illbe illhave been illreturnbe backhave been backgo/come to spbe in sp.have been in sp.becomebehave beengo outbe outhave been outfinish/ endbe overhave been overleave spbe away from sphave been away from sp附

30、表4：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的概念結(jié)構(gòu)表 概念結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)間狀語否定和一般疑問句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示經(jīng)常、反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者行為及目前的某種狀況，還可以用來表示某個(gè)事情的特點(diǎn)和性質(zhì)。is/ am/ areoften / usually / always sometimes/every/week/ neveronce a week/ on Sundays 主語am / is / are not 主語dont / doesnt v.Am / Is / Are主語？Do / Does 主語v.？v. / v.單三一般過去時(shí)表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)，過去習(xí)慣性經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或者狀態(tài)。was / wereago / yesterday / in 1989 / one day /at the age of twelve / long long ago/the day before yesterday / just now / last week/ye