小學(xué)定冠詞和不定冠詞

1、冠詞冠詞分為不定冠詞（a,an）,定冠詞（the）,和零冠詞I.不定冠詞的用法：1指一類人或事，相當(dāng)于akindofAplaneisamachinethatcanfly.2第一次提及某人某物，非特指Aboyiswaitingforyou.3one表示令-相當(dāng)于every,Westudyeighthoursaday.4fcv相同相thesameWearenearlyofanage.5表示不認(rèn)識(shí)此人或與某名人有用于人名前，類似性質(zhì)的人或事AMr.SmithcametovisityouwhenyouwereoutThatboyisratheraLeiFeng.6用于固定詞組中Acoupleof,ab

2、it,onceuponatime,inahurry,haveawalk,manyatime7quite,rather,many,half,what,MTsuch之后Thisroomisratherabigone.8形谷詞之后so（as,too,how）+用于Sheisascleveragirlasyoucanwishtomeet.II.定冠詞的用法：表示某一類人或物1Thehorseisausefulanimal.用于世上獨(dú)f二的事物名詞前2theuniverse,themoon,thePacificOcean3表示說(shuō)話雙方都了解的或上文提到過(guò)的人或事Wouldyoumindopeningth

3、edoor?用于樂(lè)器前面4playtheviolin,playtheguitar5用于形容詞和分詞前表k類人thereach,theliving,thewounded6表示“一家人”或“夫婦”theGreens,theWangs7用于序數(shù)詞和形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)前Heisthetallerofthetwochildren.用于國(guó)家黨派等以及江河湖海，山川群島的名8詞前theUnitedStates,theCommunistPartyoftheFrenchChina,用于表小發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前9ThecompasswasinventedinChina.在逢十的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞之前，指世紀(jì)的某個(gè)年代10

4、inthe1990's用于表示單位的名詞前11.Ihiredthecarbythehour.用于方位名詞，身體部位名詞，及表示時(shí)間的12Hepattedmeontheshoulder.詞組前III.零冠詞的用法：1專有名詞，物質(zhì)名詞，抽象名詞，人名地名等名詞前BeijingUniversity,Jack,China,love,air2名詞前后this,my,whose,some,no,each,等限制everyIwantthisbook,notthatone./Whosepurseisthis?3季節(jié)，月份，星期，節(jié)假日，一日三餐前March,Sunday,NationalDay,sp

5、ring4表不職位，身份，頭銜的名詞前LincolnwasmadePresidentofAmerica.5學(xué)科，語(yǔ)言，球類，棋類名詞前Helikesplayingfootball/chess.6與by連用表示交通工具的名詞前bytrain,byair,byland7連接的兩個(gè)相對(duì)的名詞并用時(shí)以andnightknifeandfork,dayandandhusbandwife,8表不泛指的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前Horsesareusefulanimals.冠詞重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解（一）概說(shuō)1 .冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨(dú)立擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分，只能附著在一個(gè)名詞上，幫助說(shuō)明其詞義。英語(yǔ)中有兩個(gè)冠詞：1）定冠詞the2）不

6、定冠詞a/an定冠詞the通常讀作口，在元音前讀作i,特別強(qiáng)調(diào)或單念時(shí)讀作i:o不定冠詞在元音音素開(kāi)始的單詞前用an這個(gè)形式，讀作n；在其他情況下則使用a,讀作口2 .冠詞的基本意義不定冠詞a/an與數(shù)詞one同源，表示“一個(gè)”的意思，用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前。例如：Sheisanurse,她是個(gè)護(hù)士。HeisanEnglishman,withanIrishwife.他是一位英國(guó)人，有一個(gè)愛(ài)爾蘭妻子。同源，有“這（那）個(gè)”的意思，但比較弱，表示一（幾）個(gè)特定的人或東西，有時(shí)this,與the定冠詞可譯作“這個(gè)（些）”或“那個(gè)（些）工例如：That'sthebookyouwant.這就是你要的

7、那本書。Who'stheyoungmanoverthere?那邊那個(gè)年輕人是誰(shuí)？但在很多情況下，“這”或“那”這類詞在譯文中并不出現(xiàn)。例如：把它放在桌上。Putitonthetable.請(qǐng)把門關(guān)上。Shutthedoor,please.3 .特指和泛指一般來(lái)說(shuō)，名詞有特指和泛指兩種情況，請(qǐng)比較下面的句子：Agentlemanisaskingtoseeyou.有位先生要求見(jiàn)你。（泛指）Askthegentlemantocomein.請(qǐng)那位先生進(jìn)來(lái)。（特指）在特指時(shí)一般前面要加定冠詞，而泛指時(shí)則有三種情況：1）在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前加不定冠詞。Shesentmeapostcard她寄給我一張明信

8、片。例如：這類詞。2）在可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前可不加冠詞，可使用some,any這些是生詞。例如：Thesearenewwords.她送給我一些花。Shesentmesomeflowers.）在不可數(shù)名詞前多不加什么，有時(shí)也可加3some,any等。例如：It'slovelyweather.天氣真好。Doyouwantanysugarinyourtea?你茶里要放點(diǎn)糖嗎？Giveussomehelp.給我們一些幫助。（二）不定冠詞的基本用法1 .泛指某一類人或事物中的一個(gè)，代表某一類別（不一定譯為“一”）如：Hisfatherisadoctor.他父親是醫(yī)生。2 .代表某一類人或事物，相當(dāng)于a

9、ny（+名詞）（不必譯為“一”,但必須用a,表示類別）馬是有用的動(dòng)物。Ahorseisausefulanimal.如：,但不具體說(shuō)明何人或何物（一般譯為“一”）3.指某人或某物（不是指某一類）這本書是一位工人寫的。如：Thisbookwaswrittenbyaworker.強(qiáng)烈（一般譯為“一”）4.表示數(shù)量，有“一”的意思，但數(shù)的概念沒(méi)有one等一下。如：Waitamoment.5.表示單位，相當(dāng)于"每”的意思如：Wehavethreemealsaday,我們每日吃三餐。.用于某此固定詞組中例如：6afew,alittle,abit（of）,alotof等。（三）定冠詞的基本用法1

10、.特指某（些）人或某（些）事物如：Givemethebook,把那本書給我。2 .指談話雙方都知道的人或事物如：Whereisthedoctor?醫(yī)生在哪兒？3 .再次提到上文提到過(guò)的人或事物如：Iboughtadictionaryyesterday.Thedictionaryisathome.昨天我買了一本詞典。詞典在家里。4 .用在大家所熟悉的、世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物如：Theearthisbiggerthanthemoon,butsmallerthanthesun.地球比月亮大，但比太陽(yáng)小。5 .用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)前如：MrWangteachesthefirstclass.王先生上第

11、一節(jié)課。Ofallthestarsthesunisthenearesttotheearth.在所有的恒星中，太陽(yáng)離地球最近。6 .用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，表示某一類人或事物如：Thehorseisausefulanimal.馬是有用的動(dòng)物。7 .與下列專有名詞連用1)在江、河、湖、海、群島、山脈的名稱前theChangjiangRiver,theGreatLake如：)在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示夫婦二人或全家人2格林一家人正圍坐在早餐桌旁。如：TheGreensaresittingatthebreakfasttable.和某些形容詞連用，表示一類人8thedeadthesick病人死人老人theyou

12、ng年輕人therich富人thepoor窮人如：theold9.在一些習(xí)慣說(shuō)法中theeast(west,south,north)inthemorning(afternoon,evening)ontheleft(right)intheendgotothecinema(四)不用冠詞的幾種情況(零冠詞)1 .在專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前不用冠詞如：HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?你至1J過(guò)上海嗎？Welovescience.我們愛(ài)好科學(xué)。2 .在表示一類人或事物的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞如：Girlscanbescientists.女孩子可以當(dāng)科學(xué)家。3 .在季節(jié)、月份、星期、

13、一日三餐的名稱前不用冠詞如：Itishotinsummer.夏天天氣熱。It'sTuesday,Augustthe22nd.今天是八月二十二日，星期三。Haveyouhadbreakfast?你吃過(guò)早飯沒(méi)有？4 .稱呼語(yǔ)或表示頭銜，職務(wù)的名詞前不用冠詞如：What'sthematterwithyou,Mike?怎么啦，邁克？Heisheadmasterofourschool.他是我們學(xué)校的校長(zhǎng)。5 .學(xué)科和球類運(yùn)動(dòng)的名稱前不用冠詞如：WestudyEnglish.我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。Doyouliketoplayfootball?你喜歡踢足球嗎？6 .名詞前已有用作定語(yǔ)的this,t

14、hatmy,your,some,any,no,whose,every,each等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞如：Thatisherbike.那是她的自行車。Eachstudentinhisclassstudieshard.這個(gè)班的每個(gè)學(xué)生都努力學(xué)習(xí)。7 .在某些固定詞組的名詞前不用冠詞athome,atnight,afterschool,bybus,inbed,intown,infrontof,gotoschool,goto如:bed等。（五）用與不用冠詞的差異gotosea出海/gototheseainhospital住院/inthehospital在醫(yī)院里去海邊onearth究竟/ontheearth

15、在地球上，在世上place（of）代替attable進(jìn)餐/atthetable在桌子旁邊infuture從今以后，將來(lái)/inthefuture未來(lái)takeplace發(fā)生/takethebysea乘月呂/bythesea在海onhorseback騎著馬/onthehorseback在馬背上twoofus我們當(dāng)中的兩人/thetwoofus我們兩人（共計(jì)兩人）nextyear明年/thenextyear第二年infrontof在（外部的）前面/inthefrontof在（內(nèi)部的）前面gotoschool（church）上學(xué)（做禮拜）/gototheschool（church）到學(xué)校（教堂）去out

16、ofquestion毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)/outofthequestion不可能的，辦不到的ateacherandwriter一位教師兼作家（一個(gè)人）/ateacherandawriter一位教師和一位作家（兩個(gè)人）隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)A組I.單項(xiàng)選擇：1 .上學(xué)A.gotoschool2 .住院A,inthehospital3 .此亥UA.atthemoment4 .在課堂上A.inclass5 .在地球上A.onearth6 .步行A.onfoot7 .吃飯A.atatable8 .乘公共汽車A.takebus9 .在家A.atthehome10 .在工作A.atwork11 .跳高A.jumphigh12 .坐

17、飛機(jī)A.byairB.gototheschoolB.inahospitalB.atamomentB.inaclassB.onanearthB.onthefootB.atthetableB.bybusB.atahomeB.attheworkB.highjumpB.bytheairC.gotoaschoolC.inhospitalC.atmomentC.intheclassC.ontheearthC.onfeetC.attableC.bythebusC.athomeC.atworksC.thehighjumpC.onairA.bythetrainB.bytrainC.ontrain乘火車13.14

18、 .在校學(xué)習(xí)A.intheschoolB.inschoolC.inschools15 .睡覺(jué)A.gotobedB.gotothebedC.gotoabed16 .感冒A.haveacoldB.havethecoldC.havecold17 .乘船A.byshipB.onshipC.byaship18 .玩得痛快A.havegoodtimesB.haveagoodtimeC.havegoodtimes19 .事實(shí)上A.inthefactB.infactsC.infact21.從早至U晚A.frommorningtotheeveningB.frommorningtoeveningC.fromamo

19、rningtoanevening隨堂監(jiān)測(cè)B組選擇填空1. Thereisoldwomaninthecar.A./B.theC.aD.an2. ShanghaiisineastofChina.A./B.anC.theD.a3. BillisEnglishteacher.Helikesplayingfootball.A.a,theB.an,theC.a,/D./,/4. Themuseumisquitefar.Itwilltakeyouhalfhourtogotherebybus.A.an,/B.an,aC.a,/D./,/5. Thestoryisinteresting.Thatmeansiti

20、sinterestingstory.A.an,theB.the,a.C./,anD./,a6. Let'sgoforwalk,shallwe?A.aB.anC.theD./7. Thisisinterestingstory-bookanditisalsousefulone.A.a,aB.an,anC.an,aD.a,an8. womanoverthereispopularteacherinourschool.A.A,anB.The,aC.The,theD.A,the9. Theypassedourschooldaybeforeyesterday.A.anB.oneC.aD.the10.

21、 AustraliaisEnglish-speakingcountry.A.aB.anC.theD./11. Don'tplaybasketballhere.It'sdangerous.A.aB.anC./D.the12. Thisisapple.It'sbigapple.A.an,aB.a,theC.a,anD.an,the13. -Haveyouseenbag?Ileftitherejustnow.-Isitoneonthechairnearthedoor?A.a,aB.the,theC.a,theD.the,a14. Ihavebluecoat.A.aB.anC.

22、theD.some15. Thisisorange.orangeisonthetable.A.a,TheB.an,TheC.an,AnD.the,An16. Haveyouhadbreakfast?A.aB.anC.theD./17. Hewonderedwhenthedoctorcouldfinishoperation.A.aB.anC.theD.any18. Aftersupper,hestayedathomeandplayedviolin.A.the,theB./,theC./,aD./,/19. Thereisappleontheplate.A.aB.anC.theD./20. Hes

23、aidthathegot"C"inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD./21. newbridgehasbeenbuiltoverHuangpuRiver.A.The,aB.A,/C.A,theD.An,an22. Englishisusefullanguageinworld.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,theD.an,an23. Intheword“cariage""r"islost.A.theB.anC.aD./24. Withthehelpofhisteacherhestudiedhardandgot"A&

24、quot;inthetest.A.aB.anC.theD.one25. Ihavetwodogs.blackoneistwoyearsoldandyellowoneisthreeyearsold.A.A,aB.The,aC.The,theD.A.the26. LiDancanplaypianoverywell.A./B.aC.anD.the27. Whatinterestingfilmitis!Ilikefilmverymuch.A.a,theB.a,aC.an,theD.The,/28. tallmanoverthereisourEnglishteacher.A.A,theB.The,aC.

25、A,anD.The,/同步練習(xí)isappleonthedesk.a.ab.thec.and./girlundertreeismysister.a.ab.thec.and./isfromUSA.a.ab.thec.and./metfriendofhisontheroad.a.ab.thec.and./BlackwillgobacktoEngland.a.byairb.byaplanec.bytrainsd.atatrainiwenttoworkonfoot.a./,/b./,thec.the,/d.the,theis"h"intheword"hour",b

26、ut"h"doesn'tmakeasound.a.a,ab.a,thec.the,and.an.the'mgoingtoseemymother.Shehospitalc.inahospitald.atahospital9. Wehavethreemealsday.wehavebreakfastat6：30inmorningeveryday.a.the,the,theb.the，/,thec.a,/,thed.a,the,the10. Thisisfilmi'vetoldyouaboutseveralt

27、imes.,It'sgreat.i'veneverseemoremovingone.a.a,ab.the,thec.the,ad.a,the11. Tina,couldyoupleaseplaypianoformewhilei'msinging?Withpleasure.a.ab.anc.thed./totryagain.pleasegivemethirdchanceagain.a.ab.thec.and./13. What'sthematterwithyou?Icaughtbadcoldandhadtostayinbed.a.a;/b.a;thec.a;ad.

28、the;the14. sunisshiningbrightly.a.ab.anc.thed./15. Swimmingisinsummer.a.agreatfunb.greatfunc.greatfunsd.greatafun小學(xué)定冠詞和不定冠詞練習(xí)題1.在空格內(nèi)填上a或an1.ear3.hen4.toy5.university6.elephant7.hat12honestboybookquestiondress16applepie17X-raymachinecream2 .用a,an,the或"/"填空iscapitalofUnitedStatesofAmerica.is"A"onhispaper.3 .Iateapple.It'sredapple.manoverthereismyboss.movesaroundsun.newsisgoodnews.youvisitedGreatWall?oftenplayfootballafte