形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級

1、一、形容詞和副詞的概念時間：2021.02.09創(chuàng)作人：歐陽歷形容詞：是修飾名詞（人或事物），表示名詞的性質(zhì)，特 征或?qū)傩砸环N詞類。它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補足語。副詞：用來修飾動詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞叫副詞。副 詞在句中多作狀語.二、形容詞和副詞的用法 形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。女U:a new book, twobig trees 等。 形容詞放在系動詞be , get, turn, become, keep, stay,look, smell, feel, taste, sound, 等之后。女口:11 am short 2She looks fine 3.They tu

2、rn green. 如果形容詞修飾不定代詞something,anything, everything, nothing等時，要放在不定代詞后 面°something interesting nothing new 副詞放在所修飾的動詞之后、形容詞和副詞之前。如果 前面是行為動詞，則后面用副詞。如:1 .She works hard（修飾動詞）2.1 am very busy.（修飾形容詞）3. He runs loo quickly （修飾副詞）4. We play happily.（修飾動詞） 通常在形容詞后加ly變成副詞。形容詞副詞比較級最商級變化形式歸納大多數(shù)形容詞和副詞有比

3、較級和最島級的變化即原級、比較級和最島級，用來表示事物的等級差 別。原級即形容詞的原形.比較級和昴高級有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種。規(guī)則變化1.單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)的詞后面直接加-er或-est原級比較級最高級talltallertallestsmartsmartersmartestshortshortershortest持別提毬：以-y,-er, "ow, le結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞末尾加er和ess如：healthy, funny, busy, hungry, easy, happy, early, pretty, lazy, heavy, dirty, clever, narrow

4、等。2.以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾只加r或原級比較級最商級nicenicernicestfinefinerfinestlargelargerlargest3“以輔音字母卄”結(jié)尾的詞改y為i.再加-er或est原級比較級最高級easyeasiereasiestprettyprettierprettiesthappyhappierhappiestfunnyfunnierfunniestbusybusierbusiest4以一個元音加一個輔音字俅結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，雙寫后血的輔音字母，再加-er或-est原級比較級最高級thinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottestbigbiggerb

5、iggest特別提醍：new, few. slow, clean等詞含有字僚組合.且發(fā)的是長元音.不用雙寫。5大部分雙音節(jié)詞和箏音節(jié)的詞，要在前面加more, most原級比較級最商級beautifulmore beautifulmost beautifulimportantmore importantmost importantinterestingmore interestingmost interestingexpensivemore expensivemost expensivepopularmore popularmost popular持別提醒：以形容前綴UH構(gòu)成的三音節(jié)形容詞不適

6、合上述愴況.如 unhappy-unhappier-unhappiest, untidyuntidier nt idlest6以形容詞+ly構(gòu)成的副詞要在前而加more, most原級比較級蹄級slowlymore slowlymost slowlyquicklymore quicklymost quicklyangrilymore angrilymost angrilysoftlymore softlymost softlynoisilymore noisilymost noisily特別提醜：earlyearlierearliest7.由ING分詞和ED分詞演變過來的形容詞（包括不規(guī)則動詞

7、如know-*known）只能加more或most來表示它們的比較級和嚴(yán)島級。原級比較級鍛商級interestingmore interestingmost interestingexcitedmore excitedmost excitingtiredmore tiredmost tiredboringmore boringmost boring不規(guī)則變化原級比較級昴商級good/wellbetterbestbad/badly/illworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder/elderoldest/eldestfarfarther/

8、furtherfarthest/furthest“兩好，兩壞.兩多，一少.一老.一遠(yuǎn)”不規(guī)則。特別提醒:Ofurther不僅可以指“距離更遠(yuǎn)” 還可抬“程度更深”。記住以下三個詞組：further study （進(jìn)修）further educat ion （繼續(xù)教育）further information （進(jìn)一 步的信息）Oelder僅用F同輩之間的排彳亍.如：elder sister （姐姐）elder brother （哥哥） less作為“更少”僅用來修飾不可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞表示“更少”要用fewer.以下內(nèi)容作為拓展用形容詞most前面沒有the,不表示最商級的含義，只表示“非常

9、It is a most important problem=It is a very important problem倍數(shù)表達(dá)法A is three(four, etc)times the size(height, length etc)of BThe new building isfour times the size (the height)of the old one這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大(高)/這座新樓比那座 I 日樓大(島)三 f咅 & AA is three (four, etc )times as big (high, long, etc )as B Asia i

10、s fourtimes as large as Europe.亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。JkA is three (four,etc)times bigger (higher, longer, etc)than B Your school is three times bigger than ours你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用twice或double形容詞副詞比較級最離級重點句型歸納句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級+than注意事項：該句型為比較級的最基木句型。只要看到tham即可確定前而使用比較級。He is taller than I

11、 am.The boy does his homework more carefully than the gir1句型二：less +形容詞的原級+ than注意事項：該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注總的是，less木身就是little的比較級后而必須跟形容詞的原級，否定就造成了比較級的重復(fù)使用。This computer is less expensive than that one句型三：as +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意爭項：該句型表示對比的兩者程度相、* as之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級決不能使用比較級。此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個as前的動詞.

12、如果是系動詞(如be.感官動詞look, sound, smell, taste, feel等)，那么就用形容詞的原級.如果前面的動詞是一般的實義動詞.那么就必須用副詞的原級修飾動詞。This lesson is as easy as that oneLucy talks with old people as politely as her sister特別提醒：as-as之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下：as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+asHe is as kind a person as his father.他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞

13、復(fù)數(shù)+asI can carry as much paper as you can.你能搬多少紙,我也能。I have as many books as you do.我的書和你的一樣多。We* 11 give you as much help as we can.我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個關(guān)干asas的句型：as as one can：盡其所能 He began to run as fast as he couldas as possible：盡可能 Please help us as quickly as possible as soon as 就He will call me a

14、s soon as he comes here句型四：not as/so +形容詞或副詞的原級+ as注意事項：該句型表示“前者不如后者往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個as可以換為so。This classroom is not as bright as yoursI cannot run as fast as you.句型五：the 形容詞或副詞垠高級+ in / of / among +比較范圍注意事項：如果這里為副詞最商級.前面的the常常省略。介詞in和of的用法完全不一樣c in表示“在某一 范I閭內(nèi)"如：in the classroom, in the world o

15、f表示"在同類之間"» of后面的詞與主語同類. 另名詞前一般有冠詞the among表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間” .among后接代詞或沒有修飾語的 名詞。The Changjiang River is the longest river in our countryPeter is the tallest of the six studentsThis picture is the most beautiful among these句型六：one of +形容詞最高級+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項：one of有三大考點：1.后跟形容詞最商級：2.后接可數(shù)名

16、詞復(fù)數(shù)形式：3.作主語時主語為one,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long句型七：比較級+and +比較級/ more and more +多音節(jié)詞的原級注意事項：該句型表示"越來越J 如果該形容詞比較級構(gòu)成形式加er.則用前面的句型：如果該形容詞比較級加more構(gòu)成，則用后面的句型。It is getting hotter and hotterThe girl is becoming more and more beautifu1句型八：the +比較級+ the +比較級+注意爭項：該句型

17、總思為“越就越表示兩種情況同時變化。The more you eat, the fatter you will be.In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make句型九：be different from注意事項：該句型沒有運用比較級.但也是對兩者爭物進(jìn)行比較。注總:前后比較需在同類事物中 進(jìn)行。My schoolbag is different from yours句型十：the same as / the same“as 注意事項：該句型同樣沒有運用比較級，表示兩者之間具有共同持性。注意這里的

18、as和same為 固定搭配.不能隨便變換。I don' t want to buy the same things as Amy did句型一:比較級+than + any other +名訶單數(shù)形式注意事項：any other后面跟單數(shù)名詞，表示“任何別的” 即主語在范用內(nèi).必須把自身從這一范用內(nèi)除去，否則邏輯上不通。如果主語不在這一范困內(nèi)，那么要把other去掉，只用any即可。Shanghai is larger than any other city m China（上海在中國這個范闌內(nèi)，所以用 anyother）Shanghai is larger than any city

19、 in Jiangsu（上海不在江蘇，所以只用 any）句型十二：比較級+than + the other十名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式注意事項：該句型相半于any other +名詞單數(shù)形式，常用來進(jìn)行同義句改寫。該句型與句型十一雖然波表面上都是比較級但實際上相當(dāng)于展商級。以下三句表達(dá)的是同一個意思。Daniel is the most hard-working student in our classDaniel is more hard-working than any other student in our classDaniel is more hard-working than the othe

20、r students in our class特別提醒：表示兩者（人或物）比較時，比較的對象應(yīng)是同類爭物.不同類的事物之間無法進(jìn)行比較以下內(nèi)容不作為初中英語教學(xué)內(nèi)容.僅供拓展之用。少數(shù)魏音節(jié)詞前而加more, most構(gòu)成比較級和最商級.這類形容詞一般為表語形容詞和由過去分詞變成的形容詞。afraid more afraid,mostafraidtiredmore tired ,mosttiredfondmore fond ,mostfondgladmore glad ,mostgladboredmore bored ,mostboredpleased more pleased , most

21、pleased下列形容詞和副詞的比較級和最島級有兩種形式，UP：既可加-er/-est也可加more/mostcruel, strict, often, friendly, clever下列形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最廊（即表示“最島程度”或“絕對狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒有比較級和最商級）empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct,extremely形容詞副詞比較級報高級使用注總 :事項比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。誤：Your English is better than me.

22、正：Your English is better than mine比較級前可以有一個表示程度的狀語，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a little, much, even«>以下單詞也可用來修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, ratherMy sister is a little taller than me.Their house is much larger than ours另外，名詞短語也可修飾比較級，說明程度。I * m three years older than he.特別提SS： very, quite, t8不可修飾比較級。避免重復(fù)使用比

23、較級。誤：He is more kinder to small animals than I正：He is much kinder to small animals than I誤：He is more cleverer than his brother正：He is cleverer than his brother比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時，避免將主語含在比較對象中，這時需使用。th"來排除自身.誤：China is larger that any country in Asia正：China is larger than any other country in Asi

24、a誤：John studies harder than any student in his classj£： John studies harder than any other student in his classj£： John studies harder than any of the other students m his class正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應(yīng)The population of Shanghai is larger than t

25、hat of BeijingIt is easier to make a plan than to carry it out序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級.Africa is the second largest continentThe Yellow River is the second longest river in ChinaThis is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson為避免重復(fù).我們通常用that, those, one, ones代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that代替可數(shù)名詞單 數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù).one既

26、可描人又可折物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。The weather in China is different from that in AmericaThe book on the table is more interesting than that (或 the one)on the deskA box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood 誤：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of ShanghaiIE： In winter, the weather of Beijing is colde