初中英語名詞復(fù)習(xí)講義

1、初中英語輔導(dǎo)講義名詞復(fù)習(xí) 鞏固訓(xùn)練 閱讀指導(dǎo)名詞的分類 名詞可分為普通名詞和專有名詞兩大類。1.普通名詞又可分為：(1)個(gè)體名詞。如：cup，desk，student等。一般可數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)集體名詞。如：class，team，family等。一般可數(shù)，有單復(fù)數(shù)形式。(3)物質(zhì)名詞。如：rice，water，cotton等。 一般不可數(shù)，沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。(4)抽象名詞。如：love，work，life等。 一般不可數(shù)，沒有單復(fù)數(shù)之分。2.專有名詞：如：China，Newton，London, Lu xun 等。對(duì)名詞部分的復(fù)習(xí)應(yīng)注意：名詞可分為專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類。I.專有名詞：表

2、示人，地點(diǎn)，國家，城市，機(jī)構(gòu)等的名詞。任何時(shí)候都需要大寫首字母。e.g. Karl Marx, Lu Xun, Thomas Edison, England, China, the Great Wall, Asia, the Yellow River, Monday, January, Shanghai, the Summer Palace, Class Seven, Grade Nine, Zhuyuan Middle School, Shanghai Grand Theatre, the Peoples Park, Yu Garden, etc. II. 普通名詞：表示一類人或東西或抽象概

3、念的名詞：它又可分為：1.個(gè)體名詞：(可數(shù)） 表示個(gè)體的人或一些事物的總稱。e.g. pilot, student, engineer, inventor, pen, photo, computer, etc. 2. 集體名詞(可數(shù)）表示一群人或一些事物的總稱。 e.g. class, family, group, army, team, police, cattle, crew, grade, people, crowd，etc. 3. 物質(zhì)名詞： (不可數(shù)）表示無法分為個(gè)體的事物的名稱。e.g. wood, milk, butter, bread, tea, cotton, silk, c

4、oal, rice, oil, fire, air, paper, ink, chalk, meat, gold, dust, pollution, etc. 4. 抽象名詞（不可數(shù)）： 表示動(dòng)作，狀態(tài)，品質(zhì)，感情等的抽象概念。 e.g. health, love, progress, pleasure, courage, friendship, information, energy, strength, beauty, wealth, spirit, carelessness, illness, etc. 個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞可用數(shù)目來計(jì)算，屬于可數(shù)名詞； 物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞一般無法用數(shù)目來

5、計(jì)算，屬于不可數(shù)名詞。注意： 名詞的分類并不是一成不變的。有些名詞在一種場(chǎng)合下屬于這一類，在另一種場(chǎng)合下又屬于那一類，但意義又有所不同。e.g.(1)物質(zhì)名詞 個(gè)體名詞 paper 紙 papers 報(bào)紙，試卷，論文 glass 玻璃 a glass/ glasses 玻璃杯/眼鏡 matter 物質(zhì) a matter 一件事 wood 木頭 woods 小樹林 fire火 a fire 一堆火，火災(zāi) cloth 布 a cloth 桌布，麻布 chicken 雞肉 a chicken 一只雞（2）抽象名詞 個(gè)體名詞 beauty 美麗 a beauty 美人 youth 青春 the you

6、th 青年人 power 力， 電力 a power 大國 spirit 精神 a spirit 精靈妖精 tea 茶，茶葉 a famous tea 一種名茶 life 生活 lives 生命， 生活方式 difficulty 困難 a difficulty 一件難事可數(shù)名詞的特點(diǎn)：a.有單復(fù)數(shù)之分b. 能用a, an, c. 數(shù)詞來修飾d. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)， 謂語動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式e. 可用few, a few, many, a great number of, both, neither, these, those, each, every, another, other, hundre

7、ds of, a great many, a group of等詞語修飾III. 可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本構(gòu)成規(guī)則：1. 大多數(shù)名詞是在詞尾加-s boys, toys, pens, books, mouths, months2. 以字母s，x，ch，sh結(jié)尾的名詞，在詞尾加-es 構(gòu)成復(fù)數(shù)。 matches, churches, boxes, classes, brushes matches watches，etc. 3. 以“o”結(jié)尾，有點(diǎn)加-es, 有的加-s potatoes, tomatoes, heroes, negroes, mangos, photos, zoos, pian

8、os, radios, kilos, studios, kangaroos, UFOs, videos4. 輔音字母y結(jié)尾，去y，ies factories, countries, ladies, cities, batteries 元音字母y結(jié)尾的，直接加-s: boys, toys, days plays, holidays, monkeys, keys5. 以f, fe結(jié)尾，去f, fe, ves shelves, knives, scarves / scarfs, leaf à leaves, life à lives，wolf à wolves wife

9、 à wives half à halves, thief à thieves loaf à loaves handkerchief à handkerchiefs, handkerchieves注意： roofs（屋頂）, chiefs（首領(lǐng)）, chefs（廚師長）, cliffs（懸崖）, proofs（證據(jù)）, gulfs（海灣）, serfs（農(nóng)奴）, beliefs（信念）safes (保險(xiǎn)箱） handcuffs, etc.6. 復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，有 以下幾種情況：（1）如有主體名詞則將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：e.g. two girl

10、 students, fellow workers, two sons-in-law女婿 three sisters-in-law 嫂子 lookers-on 旁觀者 passers-by 過路人（2）如找不到主體名詞則在該詞后加-s. 如：grown-ups 成年人 go-betweens 中間人（3）man或woman 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合名詞，兩部分都變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。e.g. women doctors, men teachers 7. 不規(guī)則變化 man à men, woman àwomen, policeman àpolicemen, footàfeet,

11、tooth à teeth, childàchildren, mouseàmice, goose à geese 鵝sheepàsheep, deeràdeer, Chinese à Chinese, Japanese à Japanese, Swissà Swiss ox àoxen 公牛,fish, Germans, humans, walkmans, means àmeans8. 雙復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則: (a pair of) trousers, glasses, scissors, je

12、ans, pants, shoes, gloves, socks, etc.9. 形似單數(shù)，實(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)： people, police, cattle, crew10. 以s結(jié)尾，但仍然是單數(shù)：maths, politics, physics, news, the United States, the United Nations(聯(lián)合國), the Philippines, “The Arabian Nights” 天方夜譚,“Tales of the Two Cities” 雙城記is a good novel.11. 以s結(jié)尾，單、復(fù)數(shù)同形： means 方法 works 工廠IV. 可與

13、a, an 連用的不可數(shù)名詞：當(dāng)抽象名詞演化成抽象概念，轉(zhuǎn)化為某種似乎可以體念得到的行為、動(dòng)作或類別時(shí)，可和a, an連用。e.g. have a good time, make an apology, have a talk (walk, swim, bath), in a hurry, make a noise, make a living, come to a stop, take a look, get a rise, ask a favour of sb. have a fever, have a good laugh over, take on a new look, live a

14、 happy life, catch (a) cold, have a rest, have a breakV. 名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：1.可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)：many, few, a few, a great number of, a lot of, some, enough, plenty of, one of, quite a few, several, too many, both, neither, all, 數(shù)詞,hundreds of, thousands of, millions of dozens of, scores of2. 不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)： much, little,

15、a little, some, a huge amount of, a great deal of, plenty of, a lot of, huge amounts of VI. 關(guān)于名詞數(shù)的注意點(diǎn)：1.名詞作定語通常用單數(shù)形式：a car factory, two color films, word order, a paper bag 但也有用復(fù)數(shù)的： sports news, sports shoes, sports programmes, sports meeting, students reading-room, talks table, the foreign language

16、s department2. 復(fù)數(shù)名詞前有一具體數(shù)詞，一般被視為一個(gè)整體，作主語時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)： e.g. These four years is very important for us. I want to stay here for another three days. I go to see my granny every three weeks.3. 有些名詞在某些習(xí)慣性用法中，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式： shake hands with sb. make friends with sb. change trains change seatsVII. 名詞的性： 英語中的名詞，多數(shù)是沒有“性

17、”區(qū)別的，但少數(shù)名詞有陽性和陰性之分。 man- woman, girlboy, king - queen emperor（皇帝）-empress（皇后） hero (男英雄） heroine (女英雄） cock -hen god(神）-goddess（女神） bull （公牛）-cow(母牛） actor -actress (女演員）he-wolf公狼, she-wolf 母狼 tiger, tigress 母老虎 lad 少年 lass 少女 man teacher, boyfriend， Frenchman, FrenchwomanVIII. 名詞所有格1有生命的s Marys, fa

18、thers, the boys books, anybody elses advice, each others mistakes,2. 詞尾是-s 或-es的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，只加“”the teachers office, the workers tools，twenty minutes walk3. 詞尾沒有-s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞則加“s”來表示。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, the peoples needs4. s 也可用于時(shí)間，距離，天體，國名，地名 a two-hour ride, in two weeks time, todays newspaper, two hou

19、rs ride, twenty minutes walk5.如果一樣?xùn)|西為兩人共有，則只在最后一個(gè)名詞的詞尾加“s”. This is Lucy and Lilys bedroom. 如果不共有，則兩個(gè)名詞后面都加“s”. These are Bills and Toms bikes.6. 名詞所有格后面指地點(diǎn)（如表示店鋪、人家時(shí)）的名詞常?？梢允÷?。 at the tailors (shop), at Mr Greens (home) go to the doctors (clinic), to my uncles (house)7. 非生命體的用of 短語表示所屬關(guān)系： a leg of

20、the table, the door of the classroom the windows of the house the biggest football game of the year8.名詞雙重所有格: of + -s 一起修飾前面的名詞，稱為雙重所有格。 a friend of mine = one of my friendsa friend of my fathers = one of my fathers friendsa photo of Mr Crisp 一張Mr Crisp的照片a photo of Mr Crisps 一張Mr Crisp所有照片中的一張照片【中考

21、真題】1. Mr Chen was surprised to see the fast _ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. (develop)2. The New Year _ are so beautiful that everyone is looking forward to the party in the hall this afternoon. (decorate)3.Feng Ais love and _ will always be remembered by her students and their pa

22、rents in Yunnan. (kind)4. The most famous _ park in the world is Disneyland. (amusing)5. The bus _ is responsible for the safety of his passengers. (drive)6. More people are getting to know the _ of environmental protection. (important)7. I received some Christmas _ from my pen pals. (card)8. The yo

23、ung man works as a _ in a five- star hotel. (wait)9. The three young girls work as _in a restaurant. (wait)【鞏固訓(xùn)練】英語語法名詞專項(xiàng)習(xí)題【友情提醒】 請(qǐng)同學(xué)們做題目時(shí)注意并劃出句子中的“提示詞語、提示句”( ) 1. She was very happy. She _ in the test.A. makes a few mistake B. made a few mistakes C. made few mistakes D. makes few mistake( ) 2. We n

24、eed some more_. Can you go and get some, please?A. potato B. potatos C. potatoes D. tomatos( ) 3. _are_for cutting things.A. Knife/used B. Knives/used C. Knife/using D. Knives/using( ) 4. What big_ the tiger has!A. toothB. teeth C. tooths D. toothes( ) 5. Please remember to give the horse some tree_

25、.A. leafs B. leaves C. leaf D. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some _? -Yes, please.A. banana B. oranges C. apple D. pear ( ) 7. On the table there are five_.A. tomatos B. piece of tomatoes C. tomatoes D. tomato( ) 8. They got much _ from those new books.A. ideas B. photos C. information D. stories ( ) 9. H

26、e gave us_ on how to keep fit.A. some advices B. some advice C. an advice D. a advice( ) 10.-Would you like _ tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two_.A. any, bottles of orange B. some, bottles of orange C. many, bottles of oranges D. few, bottle of oranges( )11. He is hungry. Give him _ to eat.A. two bre

27、ads B. two piece of bread C. two pieces of bread D. two pieces of breads( ) 12. I would like to have_.A. two glasses of milk B. two glass of milk C. two glasses of milks D. two glass of milks( ) 13. Can you give me _?A. a tea B. some cup of tea C. a cup tea D. a cup of tea ( ) 14. Please give me _ p

28、aper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 15. John bought _for himself yesterday. A. two pairs of shoes B. two pair of shoe C. two pair of shoes D. two pairs shoes( ) 16. -How many _ have you got on your farm? -I've got five. A. sheeps B. sheep C. pig D. chicken( ) 17. Some _ came to ou

29、r school for a visit that day. A. Germans B. GermenC. Germany D. Germanies( )18. In the picture there are many_ and two_. A. sheep; foxes B. sheeps; foxesC. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( )19. A group of_ will visit our school tomorrow. A. Englishman B. Australian C. Japanese D. American ( ) 20. This ta

30、ble is made of_. A. many glass B. glasses C. some glasses D. glass ( ) 21. How many _were there in the street when the accident happened? A. policeman B. polices C. police D. peoples( ) 22. There are sixty-seven_ in our school. A. women's teacher B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. women

31、 teacher( ) 23. There are five _in our factory. A. woman driver B. women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 24. These _ were sent to the villages to help the farmers. A. women doctor B. women doctorsC. woman doctors D. woman doctor( ) 25. The football under the bed is_. A. Lily and Lucy B.

32、Lily's and Lucy's C. Lily's and Lucy D. Lily and Lucy's( ) 26. Joan is_. A. Mary's and Jack sister B. Mary and Jack's sister C. Mary and Jack sister D. Mary's and Jack's sister( )27. In a few_ time, those mountains will be covered with trees. A. year B. years' C.

33、year's D. years ( ) 28. It's about _ walk from my house. A. ten minute B. ten minutes' C. ten minute's D. ten minutes ( ) 29. The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_. A. thirty minutes's walk B. thirty minute's walk C. thirty minutes' walk D. thirty minute

34、s walk( ) 30. _ face to the south. A. Windows of the room B. The windows of the room C. The room's windows D. The windows in room( ) 31. Please take two_. A. picture of the park B. pictures of the park C. the pictures of a park D. picture of a park( )32. June 1st is _ Day all over the world. A.

35、Childs B. Childs C. Childrens D. Childrens( )33. September 10th is _ Day in China, isnt it? A Teachers B Teachers C Teacher D Teacher of( )34. They like Chinese _. A food and peoples B foods and people C foods and people D food and people( )35. The tall man with a big nose is _ teacher. A Tom and Ca

36、rl B Toms and Carls C Tom and Carls D Toms and Carl( )36. Mr. Li often gives us _ by e-mail. A. some good information B some good informations C good informations D a good information( )37. The little baby has two _ already. A tooth B tooths C teeth D teeths( )38. When autumn comes, _ of most trees

37、turn yellow and then fall down. A leaf B leafs C leave D leaves【提高題】( )39. Mrs Jenny gave us _ on how to learn English well. A. some advices B. many advices C. some advice( )40. There are about twenty _ in the room. They are having a party there. A. people B. sheep C. worker( )41. Look! There _ play

38、ing with the tourists on the grassland. A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers( )42. How many _ do you want? A kilo, please. A. potato B. bananas C. bread D. milk( )43. How many _ are there in the international village? A. Chinese B. Russian C

39、. American( )44. Sheep _ white and milk _ white, too. A. is, is B. are, are C. is, are D. are, is( )45. I was so exited when I saw so many _ on the farm. A. chicken B. sheep C. duck( )46. British people eat _ a lot, and they are cooked in different ways. A. potato B. potatoes C. beef D. chicken( )47

40、. The little boy made _. He wanted to show them to us. A. some special juice B. some delicious food C. several model planes with paper D. a nice postcard( )48. My mother bought some _ for my birthday party yesterday. A. apple B. banana C. orange D. meats( )49. I have read _ sports news about the F1

41、race today. A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of( )50. So _ homework really makes the students feel tired. A. much B. many C. little D. few( )51. If you want to keep healthy, youd better eat more vegetables and _ meat. A. few B. little C. less D. more( )52. Would you like _? Thank you, bu

42、t Im not thirsty. A. any sandwiches B. some bread C. any moon cakes D. some orange( )53 -Oh, there isnt enough _ for us in the lift. -No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. ground B. floor C. place D. room( )54. People in America eat much _. A. potatoes B. onions C. beef D. hamburgers( )55. They got m

43、uch _ on the Internet. A. photo B. ideas C. message D. information( )56 -What can I do for you, sir? -Id like two _. A. bottle of orange B. bottle of oranges C. bottles of orange D. bottles of oranges( )57.We have bought two _ for the coming party. A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples

44、 D. boxes of apple( )58. Nobody thought it easy to finish so much work in _. A two days time B two-days time C two days time D two days time( )59. -Do you know the woman over there? -Yes, she is _ aunt. A Lily and Lucy B Lilys and Lucys C Lilys and Lucy D Lily and Lucys ( )60. Today is September 10t

45、h. It is _ Day. A. Teachers .Teachers C. the Teachers D. Teachers( )61. Two bags are on the table. They are _. A. the twins B. the twins C. twins D. twins( )62. Those mountains will be covered with trees _. A. in a few years time B. in a few years time C. in a few years time D. after a few years tim

46、e( )63 -How long does it take to get to the station? -Its _ walk. A. six minutes B. six-minutes C. six minutes D. six minutes【完型填空】Fast food is becoming more and more 1 in China, especially for children. At lunch time, it is very 2 to find seats in some fast food restaurants. 3 do so many people lik

47、e to eat in fast food restaurants? There are several 4 for it. Firstly, fast food is very quick. You dont need to wait .Secondly; fast food restaurants also have a very good environment. At last, the fast food always tastes 5 , but it isnt healthy. So I think people should stop 6 too much fast food.

48、 Though home cooking takes a lot of 7 , we can have healthy and delicious 8 .To be healthy, we should eat 9 fast food. Fast food is only a good choice when you are in a 10 .( )1. A. interesting B. boring C. popular D. difficult( )2. A. helpful B. careful C. popular D. difficult( )3. A. Why B. When C

49、. What D. Where( )4. A. things B. reasons C. dishes D. meat( )5. A. smelly B. salty C. delicious D. hot( )6. A. drinking B. eating C. buying D. cooking( )7. A. time B. rice C. water D. electricity( )8. A. meat B. meals C. vegetables D. rice( )9. A. more B. less C. fewer D. faster( )10. A. rest B. hu

50、rry C. mess D. house 【美文欣賞】 Being an actor1. What is it like being an actor? Many people think it must be wonderful b 1 we travel to exciting places, wear beautiful clothes and make a lot of money. This is only one aspect of our lives though. We also work very hard.I played a country girl in my last film. I had to live in a small village with the other actors for part of the winter. It was r 2 hard for me as I gre