英語時態(tài)8種基本時態(tài)講解

1、英語日態(tài)8種基本時態(tài)講解一.概念：英語中表示不同時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，需用不同的動詞形式表示，這種不同的動詞形 式稱為時態(tài)。二.種類：（基本時態(tài)）一般現(xiàn)在時一般過去時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在完成時過去完成時三.用法：1. 一般現(xiàn)在時:"一1） 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生或習(xí)慣性的動作或狀態(tài)及客觀現(xiàn)實和普遍真理。一般現(xiàn)在時常以動詞原形表示，但當(dāng)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞詞尾加-s或-es。2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+V .（包括be動詞）+賓語+ She is an engineer.He has breakfast at 6:00every day.3）注意：一般現(xiàn)在時

2、通常與always , often , usually , every day , sometimes , once a week 等時間狀語連用。2. 一般過去時一1） 一般過去時表示發(fā)生在過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，通常與表示過去的時間狀語yesterday, last night ,someyears ago, in 1990,in those days.等連用。I was a student 6 years ago.2）句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+V .過去時+賓語+ 例句：昨天他很忙He wasn t busy.Was he busy?Yes, he was./ No,3)否定句和疑問句。 a)-H

3、e was busy yesterday. he wasn ' t.4）動詞過去式變化規(guī)則。a）一般情況下的詞加-ed.work-workedcall-calledb）以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞直接加-d .livelivedchange-changedsmoke-smokeddiediedgraduategraduateddrivedrovec）以輔音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單詞，變y為i加-ed.study-studiedcarrycarriedcry-criedtry-triedmarry-marriedd）以先音字母+ y”結(jié)尾的單，直接加-ed.playplayedstay-sta

4、yede）以、個元音字母+一個輔音字母”結(jié)尾的單詞應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加-ed.stop-stopped plan-plannedpatpattedf）動詞不規(guī)則變化：do-didgo-wentcome-camerun-ranwrite-wrotebeginbegandrink-drankkeep-keptleave-leftsleep-sleptmake-madelielaydig-dugeatateknow-knewcut-cutset-setletletread-readhurt-hurt例句：我前天拿走了這本書。去年我買了一輛自行車。每天晚上我聽音樂。3. 一般將來時1）表示將來

5、發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表將來的時間狀語tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next Sunday, soon, in a few days 等連用。2)句型結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+ will/shall +V.原形+(第一人稱用 shall)I shall go to Shanghai tomorrow.They will have a meeting next week.- -She will be 20 years old.- -Will she be 20 years old?- -Yes, she will./ No, she won' t .3)主語

6、+ will/shall +V.原形+ be(am, is, are)going toThey will have a meeting next Sunday.(will=are going to )- -What will they do next Sunday ?- -When will they have a meeting?4) be about to + V.原形I am about to leave school.不能與表示時間的副詞連用。They are about to set out.(V)They are about to set out soon.(x )復(fù)習(xí)題：1 .H

7、e(do) his homework at school every day.2 .They(finish) their work yesterday.5.他將騎自行車去學(xué)校4 .過去將來時1)過去將來時是立足于過去某時，從過去的觀點看將要發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。主要用于賓語從句中。2)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +would/should was/were going to +V.原形 + He said that he would have a meeting next week.5 .現(xiàn)在進行時1)現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)在這段時間正在進行的動作。通常與 now, at present等時間狀語連用。2)基

8、本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語 +be(am, is, are)+ v-ing + You are listening to me carefully now.3)動詞現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成一般動詞直接在詞后加-ingdo - doingread - reading 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)先去掉e然后加-inglike - liking take - takingleave - leaving live - livingreceive - receiving dance - dancing 以一個元音字母+ 一個輔音字母”結(jié)尾的動詞，應(yīng)先雙寫這個輔音字母然后再加-ingstop - stopping begin

9、 - beginningdig diggingswim swimmingrun running sit sitting(注意：listen - listening open - opening eat -eatingrain - raining sleep - sleeping)6 .過去進行時1) 表示過夫某一時刻或某階段時間M在講行的動作.通常與 at 6:00 yesterday, at this/ that time yesterday,when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語等連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語 +be (was/were) +v- ing +1. It was raining at 7:00

10、the day before yesterday.2. They were building a reservoir at this time last winter.3. We were reading when the teacher came in.We weren ' t reading Were you reading What were you doing when the teacher came in.He(do) his homework now.7.現(xiàn)在完成時1) 1.表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響2.表示過去某時間已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，for 5

11、 years, since 1994, so通常與下列時間狀語連用up to now, in the past, recently, byfar, already, yet, ever, just 2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+ have/has + P.P(動詞過去分詞)1. I ' ve finished this work.Have you read ？Yes, I have. No, I haven ' t.What have you read?3) 過去分詞的構(gòu)成(規(guī)則變化同過去式的構(gòu)成)不規(guī)則變化如下do did donego wentgoneeatateeatencome

12、came come have had hadwrite wrote written be was/were beensee saw seenhear heard heardswim swam swumdrink drank drunkgive gave givenforget forgot forgottentake took takenkeep kept keptsleep slept sleptteach taught taughtbuy bought boughttell told toldmakemademadecutcutcuthurthurthurtreadreadreadlet

13、let let4) 注意1. 含有終止意義或暫短意義的動詞不能與for, since 引導(dǎo)的一般時間狀語連用。buy, begin, die, come, go , join, leave 等)A) I have bought a book.I have bought a book for 3 day. (wrong)I have had a book for 3 years.B) He have joined the army for 3 years. (wrong)He has been in the army for 3 years.He joined the army 3 years

14、ago.C) He has been dead for 3 years.He died 2 years ago.It is 2 years since he died.He has died for 2 years. (wrong)D) He has gone to Australia.2.現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別(時間狀語的區(qū)別)I(hear) form her recently / yesterday.8.過去完成時1) 表示動作發(fā)生在過去某一時間之前已經(jīng)完成的動作或狀態(tài)，強調(diào) 過去的過去"，常與by the time, bythe end offore , by等引導(dǎo)時間的

15、狀語連用。2) 基本結(jié)構(gòu)主語+ had +動詞過去分詞+When I got to the cinema yesterday the film had begun already.昨天當(dāng)我到達電影院時電影已經(jīng)開始了。He had learned English before he came here.他來這兒之前已經(jīng)學(xué)會英語了。He had aught this class for 3 years by the time I left the school.當(dāng)我離開這個學(xué)校為止 他已教這個班級三年了。By the end of last term I had learned 2000 English words.到這學(xué)期末我已學(xué)會了2000個英語單詞。時態(tài)部分總復(fù)習(xí)題I. Fill in the blanks.1. We usually(get ) up at 7:00 every morning.2. She(watch) TV when