(完整)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)

1、形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成和用法。（一）比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：1 加 -er,-est 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)?！?1】單音節(jié)形容詞和副詞high-higher-highesthard-harder-hardest【 2】以不發(fā)音的-e 結(jié)尾的safe-safer-safestlate-later-latest【 3】輔音字母要雙寫(xiě)的情況：big-bigger-biggesthot-hotter-hottest【 4】以輔音加 -y 結(jié)尾的情況dry-drier-driestmerry-merrier-merrist2 加 more,most 構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。【 1】多音節(jié)的形容詞和副

2、詞expensive-more expensive-most expensivecarefully-more carefully-most carefully【 2】由形容詞加-ly 構(gòu)成的副詞slowly-more slowly-most slowlyhighly-more highly-most highly【 3】以 -ful,-less,-able,-ous,-ive,-ing 等結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞useless-more useless-most uselessserious-more serious-most seriuos【 4】分詞形容詞 tired,pleased 及 gla

3、d,often,real,right,wrong 等單音節(jié)形容詞tired-more tired-most tiredglad-more glad-most glad（ 3）形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的不規(guī)則構(gòu)成法。good/well-better-bestbad/ill/badly-worse-worstmany/much-more-mostlittle-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthestold-older/elder-oldest/eldest（二）比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的用法1 比較級(jí)的表示法：主語(yǔ) +be +比較級(jí) +than ;主

4、語(yǔ) +謂語(yǔ) +比較級(jí) +than （ 1）不同主語(yǔ)的比較：He is two years younger than I.This machine works better than that one.Li Ming studies harder than Wang Ling.（ 2）同一主語(yǔ)不同方面的比較：She is now happier than she has ever been.The exam was easier than we expected.We have had much more rain this year than last year.（ 3）用于修飾比較級(jí)的詞：

5、even,(very) much,far,a lot,still This book is much thicker than that one.He works even harder than before.2 最高級(jí)的用法以及most/mostly/almost/at most的含義（ 1） 形容詞和副詞最高級(jí)的用法三者或三者以上的比較用最高級(jí)。表示最高程度時(shí)，用“the+ 最高級(jí)”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示。最高級(jí)中表示比較范圍的常用among,in,of 引導(dǎo)的介詞短語(yǔ)或從句表示。Yesterday was the hottest day of the year.He works (the) har

6、dest in his class.Shanghai is among the largest cities in the world.This is the tallest building in our school.Of all the books,this is the most useful one for us students.It is the biggest zoo I ve ever visited.（ 2） 修飾最高級(jí)的詞最高級(jí)可以用序數(shù)詞以及much,by far,nearly,almost 修飾The Yellow River is the second longes

7、t in China.Of the three boys Jack is almost the cleverest.（ 3）可以不加冠詞的情況作狀語(yǔ)的副詞最高級(jí)前可以不加定冠詞Of all the boys he came (the) earliest.I like spring best.（ 4） most,mostly,almost,at most 的用法A most 作副詞，構(gòu)成形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)most 作副詞，構(gòu)成大多數(shù)雙音節(jié)或多音節(jié)形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí)形式，前面常有定冠詞。Which do you think is the most comfortable hotel in th

8、is town?Bmost 作副詞，修飾形容詞和副詞，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，表示“極”“十分”，前面不用定冠詞。It s most dangerous to play with fire.C most 作形容詞修飾名詞。most 作形容詞，意為“大多數(shù)的，大部分的，幾乎全部的”，修飾名詞，前面不用冠詞。與most of 同義，但mostof 名詞前必須加冠詞。Most English words are not difficult to remember.Most of the students had left when she came.Dmostly 意為主要地，多半地，相當(dāng)于mainly.He

9、 uses his bike mostly for going to school.The students are mostly young people between the ages of sixteen and twenty.E almost 意為幾乎 ，相當(dāng)于 very nearly. He spent almost the whole day reading English.Fat most 意為最多，與at least 相對(duì)。I can pay only twenty dollars at most.1） 同級(jí)比較中有兩種情況：# 表示雙方情況 " 一模一樣 &quo

10、t; ，用 as + 原級(jí)+ as 的結(jié)構(gòu)；# 表示雙方情況 " 不（那么）一樣"，用 not so / as + 原級(jí)+ as 的結(jié)構(gòu)。在這兩種結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè)個(gè) as 是連詞；在第二個(gè)as 的后面接名詞、句子或代詞的主格（一般不要接代詞的賓格）。例如：as 是副詞，而第二2）另外，在 as as 的結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個(gè) as 的前面可以加上表示倍數(shù)的詞、或是某些副詞修飾語(yǔ)： twice , ( three ) times ,nearly , almost , just , exactly , not nearly （根本不） , by no means（絕不） , quite等

11、等。例如：Asia is four tomes as large as Europe. 亞洲有歐洲的四倍大（亞洲比歐洲大三倍）。James is not nearly as tall as Robert. 詹姆斯根本沒(méi)有羅伯特高。Cast iron is almost as useful as steel. 鑄鐵差不多與鋼一樣有作用。She hasn't been quite so unlucky as she pretends.她還沒(méi)有象她常裝出的那樣不幸。3）在 asas的結(jié)構(gòu)中，我們還常見(jiàn)這樣兩種句型：as much +不可數(shù)名詞+ as和 as many +復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞+ as

12、。例如：She spread as much butter on her bread as Jane usually does. 她在面包上涂的黃油與瓊通常涂的一樣多。He has learned as many English words as his brother (has ) . 他已學(xué)了和他哥哥一樣多的英文單字。4、主要句型(1)講述某人 / 物自身的情況時(shí),用原級(jí)。基本句型是：主語(yǔ) (sb./sth) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+ (very/too/so/quite/rather+ 形)容詞 / 副詞原級(jí)+.如： He is very old now. (他現(xiàn)在很老了 ) / They ran

13、quite fast. (它們跑得相當(dāng)快) / The weather looks ratherbad. (天氣看上去相當(dāng)糟) / I am so happy! (我是如此的快樂(lè))表示兩者之間沒(méi)有差別時(shí),使用句型：主語(yǔ) (第一個(gè)人物 ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+ as + 形容詞 / 副詞原級(jí)+ as + 第二個(gè)人物+.如： He is as excited as his younger sister. (他和他妹妹一樣興奮)/ Lily rode her bike as slowly as an oldlady .(莉莉騎車(chē)像老太太一樣慢)/ They picked as many apples as

14、 the farmers (did) .(他們摘的蘋(píng)果和農(nóng)民一樣多 )表示第一個(gè)人比不上第二個(gè)人時(shí),使用句型：主語(yǔ) (第一個(gè)人物 ) + 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 (否定式 ) +as / so + 形容詞 / 副詞原級(jí)+ as + 第二個(gè)人物 +.如： He is not so / as excited as his younger sister. (他沒(méi)他妹妹那么興奮) / Lily did not ride her bike so / asslowly as an old lady . (莉莉騎車(chē)不像老太太那樣慢) / They didn t pick so / manyas apples as the

15、farmers (did) . (他們摘的蘋(píng)果不如農(nóng)民多)(2) 講述兩者有差異 ,第一個(gè)人物超過(guò)第二個(gè)人物時(shí) ,用比較級(jí)?；揪湫停褐髡Z(yǔ) ( )+A謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 +(much/a little/even/still)+形容詞 / 副詞比較級(jí) +than+第二個(gè)人物 ( B)+.如： A modern train is much faster than a car.(現(xiàn)代的火車(chē)比轎車(chē)快多了) / This book didn t costmoremethan that one .(這本書(shū)花費(fèi)我的錢(qián)不比那本多)講述兩者有差異,第一個(gè)人物不及第二個(gè)人物時(shí),用比較級(jí)。句型是：主語(yǔ) ( )A+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+

16、less+ (多音節(jié)形 / 副 )比較級(jí)+ than + 第二個(gè)人物 ( B)+.如： I think English is less difficult than maths.(我認(rèn)為英語(yǔ)不比數(shù)學(xué)難)/ Do you think it less important tolearn a foreign language? (你認(rèn)為學(xué)外語(yǔ)不那么重要嗎？)(3)講述某人 / 物是一群之中最突出的一個(gè)時(shí),用最高級(jí)。句型是：主語(yǔ) (sb./sth) +謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞+(the) +形容詞 / 副詞最高級(jí)+in / of .如： The Changjiang River is the longest in C

17、hina. (長(zhǎng)江是中國(guó)最長(zhǎng)的河流three (boys) .(三個(gè)男生中他跳得最高) / He jumped (the) highest of the課堂練習(xí)：一 用適當(dāng)?shù)男稳菰~比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)形式完成下列句子。1It s noisyt here. Can we go somewhere _?2The hotel was surprisingly big.I expected it to be_.3The weather is too cold in this country.I d like to live somewhere_4My job is a bit boring sometime

18、s.I d like to do something_5 Your work isn t very good.I m sure you can do_.6I was surprised how easy it was to use the computer.I thought it would be _.二 選擇最佳答案填空：1The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet brings us_.A the closeB closerC the closerD close2What do you think of h

19、er singing?Oh,no one sings_.A good B well C betterD best3_ terrible weather it is!It is said that it will get_later.A What,badB What,worseC What a,badD What a ;worse4We spent all our money because we stayed at the most expensive hotel in town.Why didn t you stay at_ one?A a cheapB a cheaperC the che

20、apD the cheaper5Mom,could you have an MP3 like this?Certainly,we can buy _ one ,but as good as this.A a cheapB a cheapestC a cheaperD the cheapest6 Who is Tom?A great policeman.She always thought _ of others than herself.7Tom is good at drawing.How about Mike?A wellB worseC goodD better8 Which is _,

21、the sun,the moon or the earth?Of course,the moon is.A smallB smallerC smallestD the smallest9 Who can reach the book on the top shelf?Jack can. He is _ boy of us all.A tallerB a tallC the tallestD much taller10All the students in our class are over fifteen except Li Lei.He is _ in our class.A youngerB olderC the oldestD the youngest11My sister sings English songs_ of us all.A badlyB worseC more badlyD worst12Mr Zhang ,of all the students in our school,who lives_?I think Li Lei does.A farB fartherC farthestD the far