中考英語閱讀技巧.ppt

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上近幾年來,閱讀理解題在試卷中所占的比重有所增加。縱觀近年來中考英語閱讀理解試題，它們有以下特點：試題難度適中， 文章選材符合考試大綱的基本要求，保證了題材類型多樣；對閱讀理解的幾種技能考查比較全面； 文章篇幅和閱讀量略有增加；文章內(nèi)容積極健康，兼具知識性、實用性、思想性和教育性；題型日益多樣化，標準選擇題、是非判斷題、主觀回答題從整體上看， 中考閱讀理解試題基本都做到了以下幾個方面：第一，閱讀材料信息含量大，體現(xiàn)在文章的題材多樣化，材料具有真實性，原汁原味，選材新，避免選取廣為流傳和人所共知的材料，內(nèi)容涉及到科技、社會、文化、政治、經(jīng)濟、生活等。第二，文章有易有難，長

2、短搭配適度，命題者注意到合理把握文章及句子的難度；第三，恰當控制生詞的數(shù)量，較好地處理合成詞與派生詞。第四、閱讀材料的主題明確，話題新穎，有時代感。第五、語言地道，條理清晰，結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，在時間順序、空間順序或邏輯推理上有較大的復雜性。 第六、 體裁多樣化，有敘述文、說明文、議論文、應用文等。 有的試題是有關考查特定信息能力的廣告、公告類材料，也有的是選用科普、新聞等體裁 閱讀能力重點考查點為以下幾種閱讀技能：一、信息搜尋準確到位的能力這類試題常見的測試方式有根據(jù)文章判斷選項的正誤、篩選錯誤的信息、挑選符合題意的選項等。02）These two letters appeared in a news

3、paper .Both writes have their own ideas on zoosZoos Do a Good JobIt is good to keep animals in zoos. I know a lot of people think it is wrong to keep animals in zoos. However, I believe that zoos have many points. Zoos Are UnnaturalIn Marias letter , she says that zoos are good for animals. I am afr

4、aid that zoos are not good for animals, they are only good for people.( T ) Maria and Philip have quite different ideas on keeping animals in zoos.Firstly, zoos are places for people to see many different kinds of animals from all over the world .Without zoos, most people would never see a real bear

5、 or tiger.It is unnatural and unfair to keep wild animals in cages . Most animals are kept in cages that are too small for them. In the wild, these animals travel freely. In zoos, they cant do this. This is why the bears and tigers always look so sad(F) In Marias opinion, a real bear or tiger can on

6、ly be seen in zoos. 二、對細節(jié)語義轉(zhuǎn)換理解的能力這類試題往往提供數(shù)字、圖標和文字描寫等特定的情景，常常要求考生換個角度思考，只不過是敘述的角度與表述的語言不同。這類試題在閱讀理解試題中占的比例較大。01(A) JOIN US IN THE HUANPU RIVER TOUR The Huanpu River is must-see for tourists. You can enjoy the “museum of international architecture on the Bund” and the skyline of Lujiazui in PudongYou

7、 can also see videos, sing songs or watch wonderful performances on the boat. ( T )The Huanpu River is a very popular place for tourist.( T )Different kinds of recreations are offered on the boat.The tour guide will tell you something about Shanghais today and yesterday both in Chinese and in Englis

8、h. We offer three different boat tours along the river every day. One is the 1.5-hour trip to see Yangpu Bridge at the price of 25-35yuan($3-4.2).The second is the 2-hour trip to Gaoqiao at the price of 50-100yuan($6-12).The third trip is the 3.5-hour trip to Wusongkou, the mouth of the Yangtze Rive

9、r where it runs into the East China Sea. This costs 50-100yuan ($6-12). .( T )Its not difficult for foreigners to learn something about Shanghai on the boat.( F )It takes two hours to travel to Yangpu Bridge.( F ) The trip to Gaoqiao is the most expensive and it takes most time.三、對詞義轉(zhuǎn)換的理解能力這類試題常見的命題

10、方式是根據(jù)上下文猜測劃線詞的語義或者選擇一個近義詞等。 New York, London, Pairs and other big cities are exciting places to live in . There are may interesting things to see and to do . You can go to different kinds of museums, plays and films . You can also buy things from all over the world.“T” or “F”( T ) 1. In big cities p

11、eople can go to the all kinds of museums, plays and movies( T )2. People can buy things from throughout the world.四、具備一定的經(jīng)驗常識的能力 此類題主要是考查中學生應有的多項綜合知識，包括：社會知識、天文知識、史地知識、科普知識、語言國家的文化背景及對生活常識的主觀掌握程度。此類題往往可以憑借學生自己的常識進行判斷，然后做出正確、符合這些規(guī)律的選擇。（03）Winter is dangerous because its so difficult to know what is g

12、oing to happen and accidents take place so easily. Fog can be waiting to meet you over the top of a hill. Ice might be hiding under the melting snow, waiting ahead to send you off the road. The car coming to you may suddenly slip across the road Generally , all twice of your usual stopping distance

13、when the road is wet, three times this distance on snow,and even more on ice.Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A. Traffic accidents take place easily in winter.B. Fog and melting snow often cause car accidents.C. The stopping distance on ice is as long as the usual one.D. In winter you should drive

14、 your car with great care.（c)五、 對文章主旨、作者圖意的分析能力 這屬于較高層次的考查思維能力的試題，包括考查想像思維、邏輯思維以及從局部到整體的概括思維能力等。雖然一篇文章的細節(jié)內(nèi)容可能很多，但是核心思想都可以用一句或幾句話概括， 甚至三言兩語即可?！皻w納”和概括“考查的重點是在理解文章的基礎上對文章進一步分析和整理的能力，它可以要求歸納某一段落的中心思想，也可以要求對文章整篇內(nèi)容做歸納，如給文章選擇合適的標題等。 尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關鍵。因此，在做題時，要注意每段的主題句(往往為第一句)。英文叫“Topic Sentence”，它一般都用來表示一個段

15、落的主旨大意，有時會在文章的最后一段總結(jié)文章的主旨,抓住主題句，就不難確定文章的最佳標題。 這一類題型為主題問題。如：What is the main idea of this passage？ What does the passage maily talk about？ What does the writer want to tell us？From the passage, we learn that另一類為標題問題。 Which is the best title of this article？ (05) When my family moved to America from a

16、 small village in Guangdong, China, we brought not only our luggage, but also our village rules, customs and culture, One of the rules is that young people should always respect elders. Unluckily, this rule led to my very first embarrassment in the United States.Which is the best title for this pass

17、age?(a)A. Different countries, different customsB. Old people, old customsC. Different restaurants, different services.D. Differences between old and young.(01)Everyone can help to save paper. If we all think carefully ,we can help protect trees. But we should do it now, before it is too late.Which

18、is the best title of the passage?(a)A. Saving paperB. The History of paperC. Cotton Handkerchiefs Back AgainD. Cai Lun, the Great Inventor02 From the passage, we learn that_A. we need wood to build houses, so we have to cut down trees.B. the rainforest people have done something to protect their hom

19、e.C. to humans, gold is more important than trees.D. we mustnt cut down any trees or kill any animals.(b)六、獲取事實、分析細節(jié)的能力 此類題型的問題以what、who、which、when、where、how或者why等詞引導，就文中某句、某段或某一具體細節(jié)進行提問并要求考生回答。做好這類題的要領是：1.明確題意，按照要求，尋找答案來源。2.開放性問題要找準關鍵詞， 理解有些暗示的句子。 3.多讀文章，尤其是根問題有關的上下文，正確使用排除法。 05）A forest fire that

20、burned 55 square kilometres was finally brought under control on Wednesday morning. The fire started on Sunday in Black Bear State Park and quickly spread to nearby areas. On Monday , police evacuated the small town of Lawson and ordered the people to leave their homesWhen and where did the forest f

21、ire start?The fire started_(_on Sunday in Black Bear State Park)What did the police order the people to do?The police ordered the people to_(leave their homes)05) The fire spread quickly in the hot, dry weather. Fire fighting was difficult because of strong winds. Firemen from 55 fire departments in

22、 the state joined the National Fire Service to put out the fire. Some kept fighting for 24 hours. Fire engines and helicopters dropped water onto the fireWhy was fire fighting difficult?Because_(of strong winds_)How did the firemen drop water onto the fire?They_(used fire engines and helicopters_)_

23、to drop water onto fire. Police closed King Road to traffic on Tuesday because of heavy smoke. Thousands of tourists had to drive an hour north to Queen Road to pass the fire area. Some people did not follow the police order.Paul Grayson sent his wife and two children to safety, but he stayed he sta

24、rted thinking, “Am I foolish ? Did I stay here too long, just for a house?”How long did the tourists have to drive north to Queen Road to pass the fire area? (An hour) What kind of person do you think Paul Grayson was?( He was not foolish/He was brave/responsible for his family.)04）Subject: Complain

25、ts Date: May 30,2004 From: To: Dear Sir or Madam,Last Thursday, I travelled on the 8:40 from glasgow to London Kings Cross and I was very unhappy with the service provided by your company.Where did David Robertson get on the train last Thursday?In _(Glasgow)The train was forty minutes late leaving G

26、lasgow, and although the guard apologized, we were not given any reason for the delay As a result , I missed my flight from London Healthrow to Frankfurt and had to wait for several hours.What time did the train start its trip to Kings Cross that morning?At_(9:20_)_What happened to David because of

27、the delay of the train?He missed the flight and had to _(_wait for several hours)Whats more, the service on the train was also very poor. The trip takes over five hours , unluckily , there was no restaurant car on the train and only a bar with soft drinks. Worst of all, the air condition broken down

28、 half-way through the trip and it got hotter and hotter in the train.What did the bar on the train serve?_(_Soft drinks).Why did it get hotter and hotter in the train?Because_(the air condition broke down)What do you think the company will do after they receive David email?I think they will _(say so

29、rry to him/ apologize to him/give him some money / offer him a free trip/ reply to the email.)考查推理判斷能力是對考生潛在能力的測試，讀文章不完全是被動的“讀”，而要主動的“思”，探究文章之外的知識。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行推斷時要有理有據(jù)，有時文章沒有現(xiàn)成的結(jié)論，要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容進行合理的思想推斷。有時試題的題目在設計時對文章中的說法變換了敘述角度或表達方式，是否符合題意不能直接看出，需要在正確把握文章的前提下分析判斷，從而推理出符合文章意思的正確選項03) Dan had never seen Alf. H

30、e had only two clues . One was an old photo that show Alf and Jed. But it was taken on their tenth birthday, fifty years ago. The other clue was a post card from Alf. .When Mrs .Sydney finished her story, she smiled. “All right ,Kate,” she said. “how did he know Alf?” Kate smiled too, “Thats easy,” she said. You told me how.The clue was the photo.”You said it was taken when both boys were ten years old, so they were”What was Kates answer to the mystery?Kate said,”so they were_(twins/twin brothers)在閱讀時