二輪專題——動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（李瑤）

1、二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)一、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)在高考中的考查重點(diǎn)：時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)題幾乎在各省市每套試卷的單選中占2題（完形填空除外）。同時(shí)，在書面表達(dá)中，也有很多同學(xué)出現(xiàn)表達(dá)時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)亂的現(xiàn)象，因此，足見(jiàn)時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)題很重要。1. 近年?？嫉臅r(shí)態(tài)：一般過(guò)去時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去完成時(shí)，將來(lái)完成時(shí)，將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)2. 既考查時(shí)態(tài)又考查語(yǔ)態(tài)；3. 考查動(dòng)詞的及物與不及物；4. 考查主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義；5. 對(duì)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)習(xí)慣句型的考查。二、近五年安徽和全國(guó)高考考查數(shù)量：年份20122011200020092008地區(qū)安徽全國(guó)安徽全國(guó)安徽全國(guó)安徽全國(guó)安徽全國(guó)

2、考查數(shù)量428330438230226三、專題教學(xué)主要內(nèi)容（一）主要時(shí)態(tài)用法與注意事項(xiàng)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)（1）表示客觀事實(shí)或普通真理（不受時(shí)態(tài)限制）The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.（2）表示性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)時(shí)多用系動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞；表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，多用動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞，且常與表頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Ice feels cold. We always care for each other and help each other. （3）表示感覺(jué)、態(tài)度、情感、某種抽象關(guān)系或概念的詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：see、hear、smel

3、l、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong to、seem、appear等。All the students here belong to No.6 Senior High School. （4）在時(shí)間、讓步、條件狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。但要注意由if 引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。 If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.（5）少數(shù)表示趨向

4、性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞或起止動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、take off、return、start、begin、open、close、end、stop等常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)，表示按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或事先安排以及肯定會(huì)出現(xiàn)的狀態(tài)。The shop closes at 11:00 p.m. every day.Tomorrow is Wednesday.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)（1）表示現(xiàn)在某一具體時(shí)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。It is raining now.（2）表示趨向性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)：go，come，leave，start，arrive，return

5、，take off等We are leaving on Friday.（3）表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性、反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作，但說(shuō)話時(shí)間不一定在進(jìn)行。They are planting trees these days.（4）與頻度副詞always、continuously、continually或frequently連用，表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣中包含情感色彩：贊揚(yáng)或褒獎(jiǎng)；不滿或厭惡。The girl is always talking loud in public.下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)： （A）表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe

6、, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need等。（B）表存在的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on等。（C）表示暫時(shí)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete等。（D）表示感官的動(dòng)詞：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look等。系動(dòng)詞中，只有表示變化的系動(dòng)詞可以用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。一般將來(lái)時(shí)will+動(dòng)詞原形：（1）臨時(shí)性的決定。（2）表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移將要發(fā)

7、生的事情。（3）表示說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為、相信、希望、假定在將來(lái)將要發(fā)生的事情。（4）用在科技用語(yǔ)中，表示事物的傾向性或規(guī)律性。Some is knocking at the door.Oh, I will go to answer it.Next month I will be 18 years old.I believe China will become one of the strongest countries in the world.Oil and water will not mix.be going to+動(dòng)詞原形：（1）表示主語(yǔ)的打算或意圖。（2）表示根據(jù)某種跡象，預(yù)測(cè)在將來(lái)將要發(fā)生

8、的事情。（3）可以用在條件句中表示將來(lái)的打算。Look at the clouds. There is going to be a storm.If you are going to attend the meeting, youd better leave now.be to+動(dòng)詞原形：（1）表示按程序、計(jì)劃或安排將要做的事情。（2）表示按命令、指示、約定、要求、職責(zé)或義務(wù)等將要做的事情，相當(dāng)于should，ought to，must或have to，可解釋為“必須、必要、應(yīng)該”。（3）表示將來(lái)注定會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。（4）也可用于條件句中，意思為“想要做”。A new bridge is to

9、be built over the river.A meeting is to be held at 3:00 oclock this afternoon. You are to do your homework before watching TV.All you have done are to be answered for.If you are to pass the exams, you will have to study harder from now on.be about to+動(dòng)詞原形：意義等同于“be on the point of doing sth.”，在句中不可與表

10、示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。I was about to go to bed when the phone rang.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（1）表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生過(guò)的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響與結(jié)果；（2）表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，短暫性動(dòng)詞不可用于這種用法肯定句中，但可用于此種用法的否定句中。溫馨提示：A. 當(dāng)句中含有以下時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)：recently, lately, so far, up to now, till now, since, the last week/month/year, in/during the last 10 ye

11、ars()B. 句型“It/This is the first/second time +that從句”中，that從句中可以使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或一般將來(lái)時(shí)?，F(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間起開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且還會(huì)持續(xù)下去。Im sure you will do better in the test because you have been studying so hard this year. Weve spent too much money recently. Well, it isnt surprising. Our friends and relatives have be

12、en coming around all the time.一般過(guò)去時(shí)（1）一般過(guò)去時(shí)的基本用法：表示過(guò)去的事情、動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常與表示過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用（或有上下文語(yǔ)境暗示）；用于表達(dá)過(guò)去的習(xí)慣；表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒(méi)有料到、想到或希望的事通常用過(guò)去式。（2）如果從句中有一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，盡管從句中的動(dòng)作先于主句發(fā)生，但從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式。（3）表示兩個(gè)緊接著發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，常由以下詞語(yǔ)連接，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：but, and, when, as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute。（4）在before或after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一

13、般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去完成時(shí)。I met her in the street yesterday. I once saw the famous star here. They never drank wine. I thought the film would be interesting, but it isnt. He told me he read an interesting novel last night. The moment she came in, she told me what had happened to her. He bought a watch but lost it

14、. After he left the room, the boss came in. We arrived home before it snowed.過(guò)去完成時(shí)（1）表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。以及當(dāng)“時(shí)間名詞+ before”在句子中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。The train had left before we reached the station. He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.（2）表示主語(yǔ)過(guò)去原持有的打算、愿望、計(jì)劃或想法等與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，常用此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有：think，hope，want

15、，expect，mean， intend suppose等；或用上述動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式接不定式完成式表示即：“hoped/ planned + to have done”。（3）用在“hardly /rarely /scarcely when”或“no soonerthan”句型的第一個(gè)分句中。The train had left before we reached the station. He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. We had no sooner been seated than the bus sta

16、rted. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前已開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到過(guò)去那一時(shí)間，且還會(huì)持續(xù)進(jìn)行。When I entered her room, she had been doing her homework for three hours.（二）幾種容易混淆的時(shí)態(tài)辨析：一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間發(fā)生過(guò)的事情，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常性反復(fù)性的動(dòng)作Its said that he was writing a novel last year, but

17、I dont know whether he has finished it.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可與頻度副詞always、continuously、continually或frequently連用，表示說(shuō)話人語(yǔ)氣中包含情感色彩：贊揚(yáng)、褒獎(jiǎng)或厭惡；一般過(guò)去時(shí)只表示客觀陳述。Last term, the boy was always talking in class.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)只表示動(dòng)作在過(guò)去的時(shí)間已經(jīng)結(jié)束了；而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間結(jié)束的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生影響或結(jié)果或表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始的動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與表示一段時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)連用。Bob has gone to Ca

18、lifornia.Oh, can you tell me when he left?Excuse me, I didnt realize I was blocking your way. （三）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成方式：be + 過(guò)去分詞，口語(yǔ)只也有用get / become + 過(guò)去分詞表示。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出動(dòng)作的承受者（by短語(yǔ)有時(shí)可以省略）。（四）被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)用法與注意事項(xiàng)不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況（1）所有的不及物動(dòng)詞或不及物動(dòng)詞詞組不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)之中；（2）系動(dòng)詞不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中；（3）表示狀態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fi

19、t、join、mean、look like、consist of等；（4）表歸屬動(dòng)詞，如have、own、belong to等；（5）表示“希望、意圖”的動(dòng)詞，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等； （6）賓語(yǔ)是反身代詞或相互代詞時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；（7）賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ)，不定式、動(dòng)名詞等非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意幾種主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義（1）當(dāng)主語(yǔ)具備某種特征或功能使得謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作能夠順利實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，或主語(yǔ)不具備某種功能或特征使得謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作無(wú)法順利實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)，都使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。This kind of book sells we

20、ll. This kind of cloth washes easily. My pen writes smoothly. Kites made of paper tear easily in strong wind.These novels wont sell well. The door wont lock. （2）當(dāng)不定式短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的名詞或代詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，如果句中有另外某一名詞或代詞發(fā)出不定式動(dòng)作，則必須使用不定式的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。I have a lot of things to do today.Yang Liwei had several tasks to c

21、omplete during the flight.（3）在“主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+不定式”句型中，如果作表語(yǔ)的形容詞表示主語(yǔ)給人的心理感覺(jué)或感受時(shí)，則即使不定式與主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但必須使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The novel is interesting to read.The car is expensive to buy.In many peoples opinion, that company, though relatively small, is pleasant to deal with.在“主語(yǔ)+think/find+賓語(yǔ)+形容詞+不定式”句型中，如果作賓補(bǔ)的形容詞表示賓語(yǔ)給人的心

22、里感覺(jué)或感受時(shí)，則即使不定式與賓語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但必須使用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 We think English easy to learn.（4）某些表示出租、責(zé)備、解雇之類的不定式短語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)使用，常用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義。如：let，rent，hire，blame等。The house is to let/rent. 這房屋出租。He is not to blame. 他不該受責(zé)備。3. 動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示被動(dòng)意義（1）“need，want，require，deserve”等詞跟動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式作賓語(yǔ)表示與主語(yǔ)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，也可以使用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)作賓語(yǔ)。The matter require

23、s looking into (to be looked into).He deserves punishment /punishing/to be punished.4. 被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的幾種情況：（1）be seated坐著（2）be hidden躲藏（3）be lost迷路 （4）be drunk喝醉 （5）be dressed穿著He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）He was hidden behind the door. (He hid himself behind the door.) The girl

24、 was dressed in a red short skirt. 四、精講例題1.【2012江西卷】 Look! Somebody _ the sofa. Well, it wasnt me. I didnt do it.A. is cleaning B. was cleaning C. has cleaned D. had cleaned【答案】C?！窘馕觥烤湟鉃椤翱矗腥艘呀?jīng)打掃了沙發(fā)。是的，不是我，我沒(méi)有做?！备鶕?jù)句意得知，本句考察過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2.【2012湖南卷】I remember you were a talented pianist

25、 at college. Can you play the piano for me? Sorry, I _ the piano for years.A. dont play B. wasnt playing C. havent played D. hadnt played【答案】C。 【解析】根據(jù)“remember”和“can”可知語(yǔ)境為現(xiàn)在，有“for years”得知?jiǎng)幼鳌安粡椾撉佟睆倪^(guò)去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。3.【2012湖南卷】Close the door of fear behind you, and you _ the door of faith open before

26、you.A. saw B. have seen C. will see D. are seeing【答案】C?！窘馕觥繌那耙苑志錇槠硎咕淇芍苏Z(yǔ)境為將來(lái)的情況，而且這是一常見(jiàn)句型“祈使句+and引導(dǎo)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)陳述句”。4.【2012湖南卷】Dont worry. The hard work that you do now _ later in life. A. will be repaidB. was being repaidC. has been repaidD. was repaid【答案】A?！窘馕觥繌摹癲ont”可知語(yǔ)境為現(xiàn)在，排除B、D；而later in life可知為將來(lái)的動(dòng)

27、作，故選A。應(yīng)使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。5.【2012重慶卷】Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _. We must act immediately before theres none left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out【答案】B?！窘馕觥糠治鲱}干語(yǔ)境可知，食品供應(yīng)即將耗盡。run out為不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不能使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由此可排除C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)。B選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，可以表示將來(lái)，符合題意。 6.【2012重慶卷】Kevi

28、n, you look worried. Anything wrong? Well, I _ a test and Im waiting for the result. A. will take B. took C. had taken D. take【答案】B?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)答語(yǔ)的后半句可知，現(xiàn)在Kevin正在等待測(cè)試的成績(jī)，參加測(cè)試為一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)該使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。7.【2012遼寧卷】 Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ on Friday. A. get paid B. got paid

29、 C. have paid D. had been paid【答案】A?！窘馕觥吭跁r(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)，且I與pay之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選A。8.【2012遼寧卷】Jack is a great talker. Its high time that he _ something instead of just talking. A. will do B. has done C. do D. did 【答案】D?！窘馕觥吭诰湫汀癐ts high/very time that ”中，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“did”或“should do”9.【2012遼寧卷】I feel so excit

30、ed! At this time tomorrow morning I _ to Shanghai.A. will be flying B. will fly C. have been flying D. have flown【答案】A。【解析】因?yàn)椤癆t this time tomorrow morning”作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，所以主句使用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。10.【2012四川卷】Did you catch what I said? Sorry. I _ a text message just now.A. had answering B. have answered C. would answer D.

31、 was answering【答案】 D。 【解析】根據(jù)句意及時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“just now”可知，回短信的動(dòng)作正好是發(fā)生在問(wèn)話人說(shuō)話的那一時(shí)間點(diǎn)，即表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。11.【2012四川卷】They are living with their parents for the moment because their own house _.A. is being rebuilt B. has been rebuilt C. is rebuilt D. has rebuilt【答案】A。 【解析】根據(jù)句意可知，應(yīng)使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且house與動(dòng)詞rebuilt之間為

32、被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。12.【2012陜西卷】Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? Im sorry, but by then I _ to Beijing. How about five?A. fly B. will fly C. will be flying D. am flying 【答案】C。 【解析】根據(jù)問(wèn)句中的“two oclock”和應(yīng)答句中的“by then”可知，所填詞表示的動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行，用將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)。13.【2012北京卷】By the time you have finished th

33、is book, your meal _ cold.A. gets B. has got C. will get D. is getting【答案】C。【解析】by the time 后接現(xiàn)在時(shí)，表示將來(lái)之前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，故用將來(lái)時(shí)。14.【2012北京卷】Our friendship _ quickly over the weeks that followed.A. had developed B. was developing C. would develop D. developed【答案】D。【解析】根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“over the weeks that followed”得知，本句描述在

34、過(guò)去階段發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去式。15.【2012全國(guó)II】The manager _ the workers how to improve the program since 9 am.A. has told B. is telling C. has been telling D. will have told【答案】C?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“since 9 am.”得知，所填的“tell”這一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，且有可能還在進(jìn)行。16.【2012全國(guó)II】Did you ask Sophia for help?I _ need to I managed perfectly w

35、ell on my own.A. wouldnt B. dont C. didnt D. wont【答案】C?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境得知，對(duì)話的內(nèi)容談?wù)撌沁^(guò)去的事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。17. 【2012全國(guó)新課程】I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers _ before my eyes.A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum【答案】C?！窘馕觥恐骶溆眠^(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以后面的并列句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，只有這樣才具備“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這一條件。18.【2012全國(guó)新課程】“Life is

36、like walking in the snow”, Granny used to say, “because every step _.”A. has shown B. is showing C. shows D. showed【答案】C?！窘馕觥看颂幨悄棠踢^(guò)去常常說(shuō)的一句話，這里是直接引語(yǔ)，句子的內(nèi)容是生活哲理。所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。19.【2012山東卷】The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers _. A. will leave B. are leaving C. have left D. were l

37、eaving 【答案】D。【解析】此處用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。這里“were leaving”表示“過(guò)去將要離職”。20.【2012山東卷】After Jack had sent some e-mails, he _ working on his project. A. had started B. has started C. started D. starts 【答案】C?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)前面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知后面的主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，這樣才能符合“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這一條件。21.【2012福建卷】一When did the computer crash?一This

38、morning, while I _ the reading materials downloaded from some websites.A. have sorted B. was sorting C. am sorting D. had sorted【答案】B?！窘馕觥渴紫雀鶕?jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning知道是發(fā)生過(guò)的事情，排除A、C兩項(xiàng)其次，過(guò)去完成時(shí)的使用前提是有動(dòng)作的先后順序，然而本句指的是“今天早晨我正把從網(wǎng)上下載的閱讀材料分類時(shí)電腦壞了?！敝傅氖沁^(guò)去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，B項(xiàng)正確。22.【2012浙江卷】 Alvin, are you coming with us?

39、Id love to, but something unexpected _.A. has come up B. was coming up C. had come up D. would come up【答案】A?！窘馕觥?根據(jù)句意，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情到現(xiàn)在為止，且對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了一定的影響或結(jié)果，符合語(yǔ)境，故答案選。為過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)；為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去；為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，表示過(guò)去將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事情，均不符合語(yǔ)境。23.【2012浙江卷】Peter had intended to take a job in business, but

40、 _ that plan after the unpleasant experience in Canada in 2010.A. had abandoned B. abandoned C. abandon D. will abandon【答案】B?！窘馕觥扛鶕?jù)but提示，本句是并列句，故前后時(shí)態(tài)一致。根據(jù)第一個(gè)分句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用了過(guò)去完成時(shí)，可知第二個(gè)分句中應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，這樣才能符合“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”這一條件。24. 【2012江蘇卷】The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when h

41、e _.A. has started B. starts C. started D. will start【答案】C。【解析】句意為：這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時(shí)比他剛上任時(shí)更富有。根據(jù)句意，總統(tǒng)開(kāi)始上任是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 25.【2012江蘇卷】The manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he _ some European partners.A. would meet B. is meeting C. meets D. had met【答案】D。【解析】根據(jù)“is said to have arrive

42、d”可知，“arrive”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，而定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作“meet”則在之前發(fā)生，即為過(guò)去的過(guò)去所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。26.【2012安徽卷】After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it _.A. was decorated B. had decorated C. had been decorating D. was being decorated 【答案】D?！窘馕觥縄t 指代 the reading-room，所以只能用被動(dòng)，又因?yàn)椤皁nly

43、to be told ”表示結(jié)果，所以選擇D。27. 【2012安徽卷】Walmart, which is one of the largest American supermarket chains, _ some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept【答案】A。【解析】which 引導(dǎo)的是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。主句的主語(yǔ)“Walmart”為單數(shù)第三人稱，同時(shí)本句表示W(wǎng)almart一般性的營(yíng)業(yè)狀態(tài)，所以應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，選A。28.【201

44、2安徽卷】 In order to find the missing child , villagers _ all they can over the past five hours.A. did B. do C. had done D. have been doing【答案】D。【解析】句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“over the past five hours”意味著主句中須用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以選擇D（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）。五、反饋試卷1.【2011全國(guó)卷,23】Planning so far ahead _ no senseso many things will have changed by next

45、 year.A. made B. is making C. makes D. has made2.【2011全國(guó)卷,24】I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _ polite.A. was just being B. will just be C. had just been D. would just be3.【2011全國(guó)卷,29】When Alice came to, she did not know how long she _ there.A. had been lying B. has been lying C. wa

46、s lying D. has lain4.【2011全國(guó)卷II,9】If you dont like the drink you _ just leave it and try a different one.A. ordered B. are ordering C. will order D. had ordered5.【2011北京卷,21】Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War.A. have conducted B. have been conduct

47、ed C. had conducted D. had been conducted6.【2011北京卷,23】Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months.A. works B. worked C. has been working D. had been working7.【2011北京卷,27】That must have been a long trip.Yeah, it _ us a whole week to get there.A. takes B. has taken C. took D. was taki

48、ng8.【2011北京卷,32】Bob has gone to California.Oh, can you tell me when he _?A. has left B. left C. is leaving D. would leave9.【2011天津卷,3】In the last few years thousands of films _ all over the world.A. have produced B. have been produced C. are producing D. are being produced10.【2011天津卷,4】On her next b

49、irthday, Ann _ married for twenty years.A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been11.【2011上海春招,29】Im sure you will do better in the test because you _ so hard this year. A. studied B. had studied C. will study D. have been studying12.【2011上海春招,32】A lot of people often forget that oral exams _ to

50、 test our communicative ability. A. design B. are designed C. are designing D. are being designed13.【2011山東卷,31】When I got on the bus, I _ I had left my wallet at home.A. was realizingB. realizedC. have realizedD. would realize14.【2011山東卷,35】She was surprised to find the fridge empty; the child _ ev

51、erything!A. had been eating B. had eaten C. have eaten D. have been eating15.【2011江蘇卷,21】I hear you _ in a pub. Whats it like?Well, its very hard work and Im always tired, but I dont mind.A. are working B. will work C. were working D. will be working16.【2011江蘇卷,23】Tommy is planning to buy a car.I kn

52、ow. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. A. saves B. savedC. will save D. will have saved17.【2011福建卷,32】Last month, the Japanese government expressed their thanks for the aid they _ from China.A. receive B. are receiving C. have received D. had received18.【2011安徽卷, 32】I didnt ask for the name list. Why _on my desk? I put it there just now in case you needed it.A. does it