高中英語(yǔ)必修3第一單元單詞和短語(yǔ)講解

1、高中英語(yǔ)重點(diǎn)單詞和短語(yǔ)講解第三冊(cè)第1單元l.take placetake place發(fā)生，是不及物動(dòng)詞詞組，規(guī)定不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).跟它類似的還有：一般表示發(fā)生的詞或詞組，例如:happen, bring abou侍等eg: What happened?!么了 ？發(fā)生什么事了 ？A great change has taken place in China in recent yearS.年來(lái)，中國(guó)發(fā)生了翻天覆 地的變化.注意主語(yǔ)！ take place的主語(yǔ)不能是人.happen, take place ,come about, occi的區(qū)另 U這些詞或短語(yǔ)都有發(fā)生”的意思，但用法各不相同，區(qū)

2、別如下：(1. take place表示發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”丁股指非偶然性事件的 發(fā)生”即這種事 件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排，例如：Great changes have taken place in our hometown during the past ten years.The Olympic Games of 2008 will take place in Beijing.(2 .happen作發(fā)生、碰巧”解,一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件，例如：What happened to you?。般不說(shuō):What did you happen?Maybe something unexpect

3、ed happened.I happened to see him on my way home. = It happened that I saw him on my way home.(3. occur作發(fā)生、想到、突然想起”解,其意義相當(dāng)于happen例如：What has occurred?（二What has happened?A big earthquake occurred (二happened in the south of China last month.It occurred to me that she didn ' t know I had moved int

4、o the new house.(4. come abou誄示發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生”多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，但還不知道為什么，常用于疑問(wèn)旬和否定旬 ，例如：When Mother woke up, shedi dn ' t know what had come about.I ' ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.Do you know how the air accident came about?(5. break out意思為發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病或者爭(zhēng)吵等事

5、件的發(fā) 生，也可以表示突然大聲叫喊等，例如：Two world wars broke out last century.A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night.After the flood, diseases broke out here and there.She broke out, “That is too unfair! ”高中階段take構(gòu)成的部分短語(yǔ)take a leave® 假 take a seat / be seate坐下 take one's places 代 take one's ti

6、me 慢慢來(lái) take sth. seriouslyi!真對(duì)待 take up 占據(jù)2.starvestarve的用法及相關(guān)詞組vi.饑餓；餓死；渴望；starve to death®死 starve for news 渴望消息What's for dinner? I'm starving!晚飯吃什么？我餓死了 ！vt.使饑餓;使渴望;使極度缺乏;starve a dog to death® 狗餓死They tried to starve the army into surrender他們?cè)噲D使守軍因饑餓而投降。starve for (=be starved

7、 of渴望；極需；缺乏starve sb. into用饑餓迫使 starve out用饑餓迫使投降；使斷糧而屈服3.plentyplenty of,大量的，充裕的”川來(lái)修飾可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，用法同a lot of / lots of。例：There are plenty of eggs in the market市場(chǎng)上有很多雞蛋。I need plenty of time to finish the work.我需要很多時(shí)間來(lái)完成這項(xiàng)工作。4.satisfysatisfy 用法：(1使義動(dòng)詞：滿意I'm satisfied with your answers.形容詞化對(duì)你的回答很滿

8、意My answers satisfied you我的回答讓你滿意。My answers are satisfying我的回 答令人滿意。(2使某人相信：convinceHe wanted to satisfy himself that he had given his best performance.(3達(dá)到要求或者標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：meetThe Executive Committee recommends that the procedures should satisfy certain basic requirements.執(zhí)行委員會(huì)認(rèn)為程序應(yīng)該符合基本的條件才行。5.leadvt. 1.引導(dǎo)

9、;領(lǐng)（品&She led me into the drawing-room.她帶我進(jìn)入客廳。2 .誘使;致使What led him to resign his office?什么事導(dǎo)致他辭職的？3 .領(lǐng)導(dǎo);指揮;率領(lǐng)They will let the young man lead the fight.他們將讓這位年輕人領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這一仗。4 .過(guò)GS;使過(guò)（某種生活We lead a very quiet life.我們過(guò)著非常安靜的生活。vi.1 .領(lǐng)路You lead and we'll follow.你領(lǐng)路，我們跟著。2 .通向，導(dǎo)致That door leads into t

10、he garden那扇門通向花園。lead to:導(dǎo)致;通向例句與用法:1. Too much work and too little rest often lead to 川ness.過(guò)量的工作和過(guò)少的休息 會(huì)引起疾病。2. All roads lead to Rome.條條大道通羅馬。n.C1 .指導(dǎo)，榜樣All the children followed his lead.所有的孩子都學(xué)習(xí)他的榜樣。2 .領(lǐng)先地位Our team was in the lead at half time 我們隊(duì)在前半場(chǎng)領(lǐng)先。3 .（新聞報(bào)導(dǎo)的導(dǎo)語(yǔ)4 .鉛U6.originorigin n.起源；起因；原因

11、；出身；血統(tǒng)；【數(shù)】原起點(diǎn)【解】起端（地震的震源 坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)（力的作用點(diǎn)the origins of civilization 文明的起源be of noble humble origin 出身高貴微賤He is a German by origin.他原籍德國(guó)。7.1 n memory of / in honor ofin memory of是紀(jì)念某人/某事的意思經(jīng)常電影里最后會(huì)有 in memory of our great police ,Tom意思就是謹(jǐn)以此片獻(xiàn)給 我們偉大的警察 Tom He founded the charity in memory of his late wife.

12、他興辦那個(gè)慈 善機(jī)構(gòu)以紀(jì)念他已故的妻子。in honor of和in memory of區(qū)另用勺題目A service was held _B those who had died from AIDS.A. in favour ofB. in memory ofC. in honor ofD. in search of答案是 B,in memory of紀(jì)念,追念in honor of為紀(jì)念,為慶祝；向表示敬仰從上面不難看出,in memory of表 紀(jì)念”含 追念”之意，而in honor of表示 紀(jì)念” 含慶?！敝狻６渥颖磉_(dá)的意思是 紀(jì)念那些死于愛(ài)滋病的人們"川in ho

13、nor of（為慶祝顯然不合適。E. dress updress up v.盛裝,打扮，裝飾,偽裝dress out打扮weaR put on be in dress的區(qū)另Uwear和dress表狀態(tài),wear接衣服等，可用進(jìn)行時(shí)，dress接人，dress后不可以接衣 K,（固定短語(yǔ):dress oneself be dressed in+色，put on 表動(dòng)作 It's cold outside. Put on your warm clothes. put on你，戴特別指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴帽、戴眼鏡也用這個(gè)短語(yǔ) ， 但put on是一一時(shí)的動(dòng)作?？墒?wear表示穿著的狀態(tài)，穿，

14、戴特別指穿衣服、穿鞋、戴 帽、戴眼鏡也用；be in +顏色,表示穿著什么顏色的衣服。dress oneself up aSJ自己打扮成什么樣子【例:】(1 Mary put on her hat and left the room.瑪麗戴上她的帽子就離開(kāi)這屋 子。(2 Why is John putting on his hat and coat?勺翰為什么穿衣戴帽呢？9.trickn.C1 .詭計(jì);騙局;謀略;花招He got into the castle by a trick他耍了 個(gè)花招混進(jìn)了 城堡。2 .惡作劇3 .輕率愚蠢的行為That was a rotten trick!那樣

15、做太輕率了 ！4 .習(xí)慣，癖好(+ofHe has a trick of repeating himselfffc 有重復(fù)自 己話的習(xí)慣。5 .竅門，招數(shù)，手法Daily practice is the trick in learning a foreign language.每天練習(xí)是學(xué)會(huì)一門外語(yǔ)的訣竅。常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ):play a trick詐騙;開(kāi)玩笑play a trick on sb戲弄某人10 .gain獲得，取得acquire, attain, obtain, gain, earn, achieve1區(qū)另U:這一組動(dòng)詞都有"獲得，取得”的意思，在考試當(dāng)中屢次出現(xiàn)它們之間的辨析

16、。acquire v多指經(jīng)過(guò)努力逐步獲得才能、知識(shí)、習(xí)慣等，也可用于對(duì)財(cái)物等的獲 得該詞強(qiáng)調(diào)“一經(jīng)獲得就會(huì)長(zhǎng)期持有”的含義。It is through learning that the individual acquires many habitual ways of reacting to situations.正是通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)，個(gè)人才得以獲得應(yīng)付各種情況的習(xí)慣做法。attain v.指經(jīng)過(guò)不懈的努力獲得未曾預(yù)料到的結(jié)果；也可指達(dá)到某一目標(biāo)。The salesperson attained his sales goal for the month名銷售員完成了當(dāng)月 的銷 售目標(biāo)。obtain

17、v.獲得，買到，用于正式語(yǔ)體中。He obtained the property with a bank loar#通過(guò)向銀行貸款買下了那份房產(chǎn)。gain v指通過(guò)較大努力獲得某種利益或好處；亦可指軍事上的武力奪取等。An investor gains by buying stocks that go up in valued 資者通過(guò)所買股票價(jià)格上漲而得利潤(rùn)。earn v掙得，贏得指因工作等而得到報(bào)酬或待遇。How much do you earn a week孫一星期才多少錢？achieve v得到，獲得，多指成就、目標(biāo)、幸福的取得。The movie star achieved succ

18、ess and wealth. 個(gè)影星取得了 成功和貝才富。11 .agriculture adj農(nóng)業(yè)的，農(nóng)藝的the Agricultural Bank of China 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)銀行Agri+Cultural播種文化就是農(nóng)業(yè)Science and technology have contributed in important ways to the improvement of agricultural production.科學(xué)技術(shù)為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)做出了重要的貢獻(xiàn)12 .award是 授予,給予”是動(dòng)詞award用雙賓語(yǔ):award sb sth或award sth to sb.做名詞 獎(jiǎng)品

19、,資金" award? reward的用法區(qū)別從詞義上說(shuō),award是 授予，給予"，reward1回報(bào)”。從用法上說(shuō)，award用雙賓語(yǔ):award sb sth或award sth to sb.reward 用 reward sb with sth.reward一般表示報(bào)酬，當(dāng)自己付出過(guò)后的獲得，比如幫別人忙所獲得的報(bào)酬。award一般表示獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，并不一定是因?yàn)閷?duì)別人付出了什么，比如被授予獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。13 .admire/.respectadmire是欽佩，欣賞的意思.respect是尊敬的意思.Those firefighters performed very bravel

20、y in the battle to put out the big fire. I really _C them for their bravery.A. appreciateB. valueC. admireD. respect 選 C14.look forward toforward adv.向前地,向?qū)?lái)look forward to這里to是介詞，所以后面需要接名詞 或者動(dòng)詞的ing形式：1. We look forward to the return of spring.我們期待著春天的到來(lái)。2. I/We will be at the10 Baker Street at six

21、sharp, and look forward to seeing you.我（們將于晚六點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)貝克大街10號(hào)，到時(shí)再會(huì)。3. I look forward to being alone in the house.我盼望著能自己一人在這所房子.15.lunarlunar adj月的，月亮的中國(guó)新年要叫 Chinese Lunar New Year由于中國(guó)的新年是按照農(nóng)歷（陰歷計(jì)算，而農(nóng)歷是根據(jù)月亮的運(yùn)行制定的，所以稱 為 Chinese Lunar New Year16.parade n.v1.,游行CUA parade was held on New Year's Day元旦刃

22、B天舉行了 游行。2.閱兵（典禮；閱兵場(chǎng)CU The general inspected the parade將軍檢閱了閱兵vi.1.游行，列隊(duì)行進(jìn)QThe soldiers paraded by 士兵們歹!J 隊(duì)走過(guò)。17 .religious adj. 1.宗教的，宗教上的2.篤信宗教的，虔誠(chéng)的Our parents were very religious and very patriotic.我們的父母非常虔誠(chéng)，非常愛(ài)國(guó)。18 .blossomblossomn.花，花開(kāi)的狀態(tài)v.開(kāi)花在中國(guó)古詩(shī)中 把美人的臉蛋比做花（blossom.例旬 The apple trees are bloss

23、omin砰果樹(shù)正在開(kāi)花。2. There are many pear trees covered in blossoM E 里有許多開(kāi)滿花的梨樹(shù)。3. Her daughter is blossoming into a beautiful girl.她的女兒出落成一個(gè)漂亮的女 孩。blossom是專指果樹(shù)成片成叢的花或灌木的花，如櫻，梨，桃等的花，一股指結(jié)果的 樹(shù)的花.而flower指花草，小果樹(shù)開(kāi)的花，區(qū)別不是很大.還有一個(gè)表示花的詞bloom 區(qū)別大些，指專供欣賞的花，如玫瑰,菊花等1. The roses are in full bloom.玫瑰花盛開(kāi)了。2. The children

24、are blooming!孩子4正在健康成長(zhǎng)3. The roses are blooming 政瑰花正在盛開(kāi)。19.as thoughas if好像，好似She spoke to me as if she knew metk和我說(shuō)話的神情，好像她早 就認(rèn)識(shí)我似的。(=as though一、as if從句的作用1 .在 look, seem等系動(dòng)詞后引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。如:She looks as if she were ten years younger.她看起來(lái)好像年輕了 十歲。It seems as if our team is going to win# 來(lái)我們隊(duì)要?jiǎng)倭恕? .引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從

25、句。如:She loves the boy as if she were his mothe她愛(ài)這男孩， 就好像她是他的母親一樣。The child talked to us as if he were a grown up! B 孩子跟我們談起話來(lái)，像個(gè)成年人似的。二、as if還可用于省略句中如果as if引導(dǎo)的從句是 主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，可省略 主語(yǔ)和系動(dòng)詞，這樣as if后就只剩下名詞、不定式、形容詞(短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)或分 詞。如:He acts as if (he was a foo他做事像個(gè)傻子。Tom raised his hands as if (he was going to

26、say something 姆舉起手好像要說(shuō)什 么。She left the room hurriedly as if (she wasangry也匆忙離開(kāi)房間好像生氣的樣 子。三、as if從句的語(yǔ)氣及時(shí)態(tài)1. as if從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣的情況。當(dāng)說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為句子所述的是真實(shí)的或極有可能 發(fā)生或存在的事實(shí)時(shí)。如：It sounds as if it is raining.聽(tīng)起來(lái)像是在下雨。He talks asif he is drunk.從他談話的樣子來(lái)看他是醉了。2. as if從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況。當(dāng)說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為句子所述的是不真實(shí)的或極少有可能發(fā)生或存在的情況時(shí)。從句虛擬語(yǔ)氣動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的形式如

27、下：(1如果從句表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：You look as if you didn ' t car®上去好像并不在乎。He talks as if he knew where she wash說(shuō)話的樣子，好像他知道她在哪里。,謂 謂動(dòng)詞 “ha d動(dòng)去詞”。：He talks about Rome as if he had (2)從 句 與動(dòng)去 實(shí)been there before 說(shuō)起羅 羅 羅 去動(dòng) 羅 羅。The girl listened as if she had been turned to stone那女傾，動(dòng)。動(dòng)，經(jīng)經(jīng)頭(3)從句，謂

28、謂動(dòng) 詞 “wou1dzcould/might +動(dòng) 詞”。： He opened his與與羅 實(shí) mouth as if he would say something 張開(kāi)。It looks as if it might snow .看 說(shuō)么。 羅 20. have fun with sb have fun with sth/sb: .開(kāi).舉He had fun with his friends.(員 開(kāi).have a hard time with 對(duì)感到頭 21. daily adj ; adv ; n.報(bào) daily life China Daily My father goes fo

29、r a walk daily. 22. possibility .is no possibility Bob can winthe first prize in the match. A. There; that B. It; what C. There; whether D. It; whether 同 謂從句。Possibility 23. There be旬 that 領(lǐng)詞，為：可能；可能發(fā) 24. turn up turn up開(kāi)大，調(diào)大；現(xiàn)，羅至U;發(fā).turn down調(diào)turn off關(guān)掉，斷開(kāi)；turn on 開(kāi)開(kāi)開(kāi) turn to 求 turn over 轉(zhuǎn) in turn

30、turn in 交還，交 輪 turn out (to be) 結(jié) 果， 結(jié)果. turn into sth經(jīng) turn back 掉轉(zhuǎn) 頭 25. keep one ' s word keep one's wordbreak one ' s word(s=break one ' srom/issat one ' s word; 認(rèn)說(shuō)認(rèn) 26. hold one' s breath hold one's nose=hold one's breSthout of breath 氣 氣 27. apologise/apologize apologize to 道 ( apologize for "道還可 Peter apologized for his laughing others. : apologize to sb for something. ： I