限制性非限制性定語(yǔ)從句詳解+練習(xí)(附答案)精編版

1、定語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一名詞或代詞 （有時(shí)也可說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句或主句中一部分） 而起定語(yǔ)作用的句子叫作定語(yǔ)從句。一詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1. 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞句子成分用于限制從句或非限制性從句只用于限制性從句代替人代替物代替人或物主語(yǔ)Whowhichthat主語(yǔ)Whomwhichthat賓語(yǔ)Whose(=of whom)whose(=of which)例 1： This is the detective who came from London.例 2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.例 3： The

2、 desk whose leg is broken is very old.例 4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2關(guān)系代詞的用法(1) 如果先行詞是 all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything,little, none等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that ，不用 which 。例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.(2)如果先等詞被形容詞最高級(jí)以及first,last,any, only,few, much

3、,no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用 which, who ，或 whom。例如：(3) 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中， 不能用關(guān)系代詞 that, 作賓語(yǔ)用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。 例如：Thereare about seven millionpeople takingpart in the election,most1of whom、are well educated.(4) which 還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中， which 可以作主語(yǔ)，也可以作賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)，多數(shù)情況下意思是與 and this

4、相似，并可以指人。 例如：He succeeded in the competition, which made his parents very happy.(5) that 可指人或物，在從句中作表語(yǔ)，（指人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)多用who）僅用于限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。(6) which 可作表語(yǔ)，既可指人，以可指物。指人時(shí)，一般指從事某種職業(yè)或是有種特征品性或才能的人。 Which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。(7)如果作先作詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which; 若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用 who。(8)先行詞有兩個(gè)，一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that 。例如

5、：The boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely.(9) 如果先行詞是 anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody,關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或 whom，不用 which 。例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you?Where：對(duì)于關(guān)系副詞 where 的考察，趨于一種“地點(diǎn)的模糊化”。當(dāng)先行詞表示某人 / 物的 situation ，或某事發(fā)展的 stage ，或表達(dá)某事的某個(gè)方面時(shí)都可用關(guān)系副詞 wher

6、e。常見(jiàn)的先行詞還有 point ，case 等。3“介詞關(guān)系代詞“是一個(gè)普遍使用的結(jié)構(gòu)(1) “介詞關(guān)系代詞“可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句， 也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句?！敖樵~關(guān)系代詞“結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in, on, about, from, for,with, to at, of, without等，關(guān)系代詞只可用whom或 which, 不可用 that。in which =wherefor which =whyon which = when(2)from where為“介詞關(guān)系副詞“結(jié)構(gòu)，但也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill, from

7、 where we can see the town.2(3) 像 listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中一般不宜將介詞與動(dòng)詞分開(kāi)。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句1 關(guān)系副詞也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞在從句中分別表示時(shí)間 地點(diǎn)或原因。關(guān)系副詞 when在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)， where 充當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)， why 充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)。2. that可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因That 有時(shí)可以代替關(guān)系副詞

8、 when, where 或者 why 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)或原因，在 that 引導(dǎo)的這種定語(yǔ)從句中， that 也可以省去。三限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1 二者差異比較限制定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞， 同先行詞這間一般不加逗號(hào)， 僅修飾先行詞， 可以由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞或 that 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句僅作補(bǔ)充或說(shuō)明，用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個(gè)主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。2 關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的選擇依據(jù)(1) 弄清代替先行詞的關(guān)系詞在從句中作什么成分 , 作狀語(yǔ)的應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞，作主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)的可選用關(guān)系代詞。3. 先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句隔離定語(yǔ)從句一般緊跟在先行詞之后，

9、 但定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞之間有時(shí)也會(huì)插入別的成分，構(gòu)成先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句的隔離。例如：1) This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about.2) He was the only person in this country who was invited四 As 在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法1. 引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句3（1）as 多與 such 或 the same 連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。（ 2）as 也可單獨(dú)使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，作用相當(dāng)于which 。例如：The elephant s nose

10、is like a snake, as anybody can see.3 ）the same that 與 the same as 在意思上是不同的。2 As 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的位置as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面，一般用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)， 但 which 所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后as is known眾所周知， as is often the case情況常常如此， as is supposed如所料想的， as often happens 這種情況常常發(fā)生， as is expected 在意料之中。例如：(1) As is expe

11、cted, the England team won the football match.(2) The earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.眾所周知 , 定語(yǔ)從句可以分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 下面結(jié)合考例談?wù)剬W(xué)習(xí)運(yùn)用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：一、 that 不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如：【考例一】 She heard the terriblenoise,_brought her heartintoher mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that【解析】選 B。后半句

12、為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，盡管先行詞 noise 屬于事物，也不能用 that 而要用 which 來(lái)引導(dǎo)。 which 指代 noise ，在從句中作主語(yǔ)。二、除 which 外，還可用 when，where，whose，whom等引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，且各自的用法及差異與它們用在限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)相同。如：Next month, when you'll spend your summer holidays in your hometown,is approaching. 下個(gè)月即將來(lái)臨，屆時(shí)你們將在家鄉(xiāng)度暑假。 ( 關(guān)系副詞 when 指代表示時(shí)間的名詞 next month ，并作從句的

13、狀語(yǔ)。 )4She is going to live in Macao, where she has some close friends.她要到澳門(mén)去居住， 在那里她有幾個(gè)密友。 ( 關(guān)系副詞 where 指代表示地點(diǎn)的名詞Macao，并在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。 )【考例二】 Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _was veryreasonable.A. which priceB. the price of whichC. its priceD. the price of whose【解析】選 B。whose 在從句中作表示所屬關(guān)系的定語(yǔ)，既可指代

14、人，也可指代物。指物時(shí)，?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為 of which ；指人時(shí)?？赊D(zhuǎn)換為 of whom?！究祭?In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm,_many people have gone home.A. whose time B. thatC. on which D. by which time【解析】 先行詞 5:30 pm與 time 之間是一種同位關(guān)系，可用 which 來(lái)作定語(yǔ)替代。從句中的完成狀態(tài)，常與 by 短語(yǔ)連用。故選 D。三、在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。如：He was eage

15、r to go to the hospitalto see hisstepmother,whomhe lovedas his own mother. 他迫切地想到醫(yī)院去看望他的繼母，他把繼母當(dāng)自己的親媽媽一樣愛(ài)戴。四、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞 which ，既可以指代前面的先行詞，也可以指代前面整句的含義。如：【考例四】 Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course,_made the others unhappy.A. who B. which5C. this D. what【解析】選 B。指代“

16、 Dorothy 總是高度評(píng)價(jià)自己在那場(chǎng)戲中所擔(dān)任的角色”的整個(gè)事件?！究祭濉?Carol said the work would be done by October,_personally I doubt very much.A. it B. thatC. when D. which【解析】表示時(shí)間的名詞 October ，用“我個(gè)人非常懷疑”來(lái)修飾，意思不通。應(yīng)該修飾整個(gè)主句， 表示對(duì)“ Carol 說(shuō)在十月前能做好這項(xiàng)工作”懷疑。 故選 D。五、引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) as 和 which 的差異：從句置于句首時(shí)，非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用 as 引導(dǎo)，而置于句末時(shí)，兩者都可以使用。 如

17、：【考例六】 _is known to everybody, the moon travels round theearth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What【解析】逗號(hào)表明為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。選B?！究祭摺?_is mentioned above, the number of the students insenior high schools is increasing.A. Which B. AsC. That D. It【解析】答案為B。與考例六同理。非限練習(xí) +詳解1.The place _interested me most

18、 was the Children's Palace.A. WhichB. whereC. whatD. in which2.Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who spokeC. I spoke to D. that I spoke3.This is the hotel _last month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed atD. where they stayed4.Do you know the year _the Chines

19、e Communist Party was founded?6A. whichB. that C. when D. on which5.That is the day _I'll never forget.A. whichB. on whichC. in whichD. when6.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD. in which7. Great changes have taken place since then in the fact

20、ory _we are working.A. where B. thatC. whichD. there8.This is one of the best films _.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked9.Can you lend me the book _the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD.

21、that you talked10. The pen _he is writing is mine.A. with whichB. in whichC. on whichD. by which11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy.A. whom B. who C. which D. that12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom13.It the

22、re anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. who's C. which D. whose14.I'm interested in _you have said.A. all that B. all what C. that D. which15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as16.He isn't such a man _he used to be.A. wh

23、o B. whom C. that D. as17.He is good at English, _we all know.A. that B. as C. whom D. what18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. sam

24、e novels20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing.A. which B. that C. whom D. who22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women.A. them B. which C. whom D. wh

25、o23.You're the only person _I've ever met _could do it.A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who24.I lost a book, _I can't remember now.7A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. for which B

26、. for that C. in which D. what26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV.A. that B. which C. as D. it27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ wespent together.A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong.A.

27、which B. whose C. what D./29.This is the reason _he didn't come to the meeting.A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly.A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after31

28、.The reason _he didn't come was _he was ill.A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam.A.that B.which C.for which D.who33.That is not the way _I do it.A./ B.which C.for which D.with which34.I have two grammars, _are of great

29、 use.A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago.A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kindof them.A. who B. which C. that D. it37.T

30、his is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph.A. that B. which C. from that D. from which38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done.A. that B. which C. who D. as39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, pop

31、ular.A. that B. which C. it D. though41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened?- Yes, he told me all _ he knew.A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when; who B. that; whic

32、h C. which; that D. when; which843. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn?A. that

33、 B. / C. which D. it46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house.A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that47. Is _ some German friends visited last week?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where

34、48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up.A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been參考答案及解析1. A. w

35、hich 用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)。2C. "和誰(shuí)講話 ”要說(shuō) speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為 Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom 是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞 to 的賓語(yǔ)，可以省略。3. D. where 是關(guān)系副詞，表示地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。4. C. when 是關(guān)系副詞，表示時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。5A. which 是關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作 forget 的賓語(yǔ)。其他幾個(gè)答案都不能作賓語(yǔ)。6C. 解析同第 5 題。7. A. 解析見(jiàn)第 3 題。8. A. 本句話的先行詞應(yīng)該是 films, 因此，關(guān)系代詞

36、that 是負(fù)數(shù)概念， 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)述的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) have been shown。如果句中的 one 前面使用了定冠詞 the，則 the one應(yīng)該視為先行詞。9. A. 談“到某事物 ”應(yīng)說(shuō) talk about sth.。 about 是介詞，其后要用 which 作賓語(yǔ)，不能用 that。10. A. with which 是" 介詞 +關(guān)系代詞 "結(jié)構(gòu) ,常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 .with 有"用"的意思 ,介詞之后只能用 which,不能用 that. with which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ) ,即 he iswriting with a p

37、en.11. C. in front of which 即 in front of a farmhouse. In front of which 在從句中作狀語(yǔ) .12. D. with whom 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 .with whom 放在從句中即為 :my father works withthe engineer.13. D. whose 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 ,在從句中作主語(yǔ) family 的定語(yǔ) .914. A. that 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 ,因?yàn)橄刃性~是 all,所以只能選用 that 引導(dǎo) .15. D. the same 是.as固定用法 , as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) ,可以作主語(yǔ) ,賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) .

38、 在本句話中 ,as作從句的主語(yǔ) .16. D. such 是as固定用法 ,as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí) ,可以作主語(yǔ) ,賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ) .在本題中 ,as作表語(yǔ) .17. B. as作關(guān)系代詞可以單獨(dú)用來(lái)引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 這時(shí) as 所指代的不是主句中某個(gè)名詞，而往往指代整個(gè)主句的含義。 as在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)。從句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中 ,as 作賓語(yǔ) .18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much 是主句 ,with whom I went to the concert 是定語(yǔ)從句 .with whom 放在從句中為 :I went to the

39、 concert with Li Ming.19. C. as引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)通常構(gòu)成 such as或 the same as固定搭配，其中 such和 same修飾其后的名詞， as 為關(guān)系代詞，指代其前的名詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 as 在從句中可以作主語(yǔ)、 表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 Such 修飾單數(shù)名詞時(shí) ,要用 such a .本,題中 such books, such直接修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞 .20. B. things 和 persons是先行詞 .當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句要修飾的先行詞是既表示人 ,又表示物的名詞時(shí) ,其關(guān)系代詞要用 that.21. D. who 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 ,who 作從句的主語(yǔ) .22.

40、 C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.23. D. 先行詞 person 后有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 ,第一個(gè)從句省略了關(guān)系代詞 whom.因?yàn)?, whom 作從句中 met 的賓語(yǔ) ,可以省略 .第二個(gè)從句 who could do it.who 在從句中作主語(yǔ) ,不可省略 .24.A. whose title 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 ,whose title 也可以說(shuō)成 the title of which25.A. for which 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 ,使用介詞 for,是來(lái)自于從句中的固定短語(yǔ) befamous for &

41、quot;以 .而聞名 ".26. C. 當(dāng)先行詞被 such 修飾時(shí) ,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞要用 as. As 在本從句中作主語(yǔ) .27. A. 兩個(gè)先行詞 the day 都是表示時(shí)間的名詞 ,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ) ,因此要用關(guān)系副詞 when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作動(dòng)詞 spent 的賓語(yǔ) ,因此要用關(guān)系代詞 which 或 that 來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 .28.D. 在 way、distance、direction 等詞后的定語(yǔ)從句中，常用that 來(lái)代替 “ in 或(其他介詞 )+which ”、when 或 where，而 that ?？墒÷?。29.D. for which 在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ) ,