詞匯課講義1127單詞monica

1、11.27單詞講義section51+52+53 Monica記得錄屏1 復(fù)習(xí)回顧大家好，這是每次課的復(fù)結(jié)，我給大家錄制了一個小音頻。同學(xué)們每次上完詞匯課，把課堂的內(nèi)容消化得差不多了，再去聽這個音頻效果才是最好的。因為這個是課程之外的福利，所以大家如果覺得有用就聽，如果沒用可 以out. 但是不要基于此對我進(jìn)行過多的批評指責(zé)以及要求。我主要是為了之前想要聽單詞磨耳朵的同學(xué)錄的。我也不希望我做的一個額外的事情，反而帶來大家對討厭，這是我最不愿意看到的。先錄一個音頻試試，如果需要的同學(xué)多，我會考慮繼續(xù)錄。音頻：4m3o同根詞tin抓住 continuity, pertinent, impertin

2、entmis= mitemit, submissive, premisecred相信 credit, discredit, credulous, credibility pos放 expose, compose, depositpot能力 potential, potent, impotency sed坐 president, supersedesens感覺 sense, consensusd相信 condence, difdent, delity tract拉 abstract, attract, distract同根詞vad跑 evade, invade, pervade laps倒下 l

3、apse, collapse, relapsetenu薄：tenuous, attenuate, extenuate clus/clud關(guān)閉：reclusive, preclude, seclude viv活：vividly, reviveduc引導(dǎo)：conducive, induce, seduce, ductile ped腳：expedite, impede, expediencytend伸展：tendentious, pretentious同義詞博愛的：humanitarian, benevolent, humane, philanthropic減輕：assuage, mitigate,

4、 mollify刺激：galvanize, motivate, stimulate, spur取代：supersede, displace, replace, substitute, supplant相等：tantamount, equivalent, equal重要：germane, relative, relevant提前：in advance, ahead of time的：contradictory, mixed, ambivalent無效的：unproductive, futile同義詞珍貴的：premium, expensive, valuable給出信號：signal, ag：p

5、reclude, forestall, prevent：aversion, antipathy, disinclination樂觀的：optimistic, sanguine, rosy精心設(shè)計：purposefulness, design普遍的：general, generic客觀公平：impartiality, objectivity不的：insincere, disingenuous同義詞削弱，使無力：hamstring, impair, undermine使：revitalize, resuscitate, refresh使精力充沛：invigorate, animate, energ

6、ize, fortify大膽的：, intrepid, fearless難捕捉的，難懂的：evasive, elusive偷偷的：furtive, clandestine, covert增強(qiáng)：reinforce, undergird, strengthen, fortify簡樸的：stoic, ascetic, spartan追求完美的：fastidious, demanding, exacting和善的：congenial, genial同義詞兜售：tout, sell承認(rèn)：acknowledge, concede, confess阻礙：hamper, inhibit, manacle, s

7、hackle, hinder, impede通信：correspondence, letter使窒息：suffocate, smother, stie夸張的：histrionic, dramatic, melodramatic 有害的：deleterious, detrimental, devastating重要的：essential, indispensable哀悼：lament, condole沒用的：bootless, fruitless, futile同義詞貶低的：detracting, deprecatory無所不在的：ubiquitous, prevalent, omniprese

8、nt使分心：detract, distract懷疑：doubt, question形近詞exasperate, exacerbate germane, German nature, nurtureintelligent, intelligible, intellectual trepid, tepidstimulate, simulatesever, severe, serve, revere historical, histrionic commend, commence deter, defer2 新詞匯Section 511. The inconspicuous（不明顯的） locati

9、on and lack of striking vistas（顯眼的景色） that characterize the villa（別墅） reect（反映出=mirror；反映，反思，反射） the aspect of its creatorsality.volatile善變的=capricious, mercurial, labileA.B. grandiose浮夸的=amboyant, pretentiousgrandiloquent語言浮夸的segregategregarious喜歡社交的；群居的greg人群C.D.self-effacing低調(diào)謙虛的eraseefface使不被人注意

10、；擦除=eradicate,E. imperious專橫傲慢的=bumptious , haughtyempire51-2. Since many prehistoric tools were made of materials, such as wood,bone, and antler, that tend to decay（腐爛，） quickly, thesearchaeological specimens（標(biāo)本） aretheir stone counterparts（對等物）.A. cruder than粗糙的學(xué)的rud原始的 rude粗魯?shù)?rudimental基本的 erudi

11、te博derived from來源于derivative非的，舊的 反：original, seminalB.C. found with在中找到rarer than更少的反：frequentD.E.similar to相似dissimilar不同的simulate模仿52-3. As the pace of the trial（審訊） (i), the wait at the beginning of the day became less interminable（無盡的；terminate終結(jié)）, and the attorneys requests to suspend（暫停） proc

12、eeding for private conferences with the judge, almost invariably（總是） granted（同意） early on（過去）,were routinely（例行公事地） (ii).Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. slowed放慢D. rebuffed言辭拒絕buffbuffet自助餐refuse, reject, repudiateB. materialized實現(xiàn)=realize material物質(zhì)；重要的immaterial不重要的E. repeated重復(fù)C. accelerated=speed upF. rec

13、ounted描述；重新計算count計算51-4. Managers who categorically（絕對地） squelch（low-tiered（底層） employees run the obvious hazard（=quell） insights from） of (i)creativity;conversely（相反地）, these very same managers are more likely to (ii)anyideas that ow down from the top brass（上層） .vers轉(zhuǎn)adverse相反的, adversary對手, adver

14、sity逆境conversant精通的, versatile多面手, verse 使精通；詩歌Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. fomenting的incite, instigate, provokeD. unquestioningly embrace無條件地支持unconditionallyembrace, espouse支持brace支柱；激勵B. smothering抑制的bridle, check, curbE. arbitrarily denounce武斷地譴責(zé)denounce譴責(zé)nounc說announce宣布 enunciate清晰地說C. sparking發(fā)出火花的F

15、. conditionally approve有條件地贊成conditional有附加條件的 =provisory51-5. A birds feathers would seem to be a (i) design for protecting a bird from attack by microscopic organisms. They create a warm, moist space next to the skinthat could be an ideal incubator（孵卵器；incubate孵化；培養(yǎng)） for spores（孢子）.Wild birds rare

16、ly (ii) skin diseases, however. The chemicals in the sebuminclude an array of antibacterial（抗菌的） and antifungal（反真菌） agents thatallow the birds skin to (iii)Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. perfect完美的D. contract 合同；收縮； tractG. stay healthy保持健康B. typical典型的atypical異常的E. overcome克服勝過=overshadow, outstr

17、ip, eclipseH. become irritated發(fā)炎irritate激怒=exasperateC. poor糟糕的F. notice注意noticeable顯眼的=conspicuous, remarkableI.recover quickly迅速恢復(fù)51-6. The skin of the poison dart grog contains deadly poisons calledbatrachotoxins. But the (i)of the toxins（毒素；toxic的，intoxicant令人陶醉的東西，intoxicate使陶醉 ） has remained a

18、n enigma（謎）, as the frog does not (ii)them. Now an analysis suggests that the melyridbeetle is the source. Collected beetle specimens all containedbatrachotoxins, suggesting that these beetles are (iii) by the frogs .Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. effect后果，影響effective有效的ineffective無效的=fecklessD. pr

19、essure施加G. eaten被吃B. originoriginal新的；最初的E. produce生產(chǎn)H. neutralized抵消annul, cancel, counteractneutral中立的C. purpose目的F. suffer fromI. poisoned51-7. Far from（不是；取反的方程等號） innovations, as the patent（專利；明顯的=apparent ） system was designed to do, the patenting of concepts such as gene sequences gives indiv

20、iduals andcorporations a legal chokehold（壓制；chock使窒息=suffocate） over ideas that should be useful to all.A. spurring促進(jìn)=E=stimulateB. recognizing識別，承認(rèn)=Dspurn拒絕C. codifying編寫=Fcodifycode代碼encode編碼decodeD. acknowledging認(rèn)可, 承認(rèn)E. fostering促進(jìn)，培養(yǎng)=cultivate, nurtureF. cataloging逐條列舉catalog51-8. The 1840s wer

21、etime for young women beginning to study science, particularly astronomy; in 1847 Maria Mitchell discovered the Nantucket comet, the rst of several important astronomical discoveries ofthe era.a favorable有利的=Fan awkward笨拙的=clumsyA.B.C.D.E.F.的=D的experiment實驗haphazard漫無目的的=aimlessa perilousa hazardous

22、perihazardan improbable不的=implausible, incredible, unbelievablean auspicious吉利的=propitious反：ominousuntoward不利的的omen預(yù)兆51-9. To keep the museums admission（） lines moving, securityinspections（安全檢查） are considerably.thorough徹底詳盡的=exhaustive, complete區(qū)分：through通過A.B.annoying討厭的=Enoisome惡臭的；討厭的C. cursory草

23、率的=D=headlong, hurried, precipitate, precipitouscasual隨意的，偶然的 = inadvertent, incidentalirritating令人生氣的D.E.F.methodical有條理的=systematicmethod方法51-10. The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated（消除） while it isstill state; otherwise, it may grow to dangerous proportions（比例）.an amorphous無固定形狀的=

24、shapelessa沒有 morphA.B.forman overt明顯的變covert偷偷的 cover掩蓋covet渴望得到 convert轉(zhuǎn)a rudimentary基本的=F=fundamental, basic, elementalrud原始的C.D.E.的threaten to do將要a threatening an independent的的=unconditional區(qū)分：interdependent 相互依賴an embryonic萌芽期的embryo胚胎F.Section 521. The jurys（陪審團(tuán)） verdict（裁決） was such a surpris

25、e that thepopulace（） rioted（） in the streets; nothing less than areversal（逆轉(zhuǎn)） of the verdict couldthem.mollify平息撫慰=assuage, conciliate, placateA.B. emulsify乳化mul軟negropetr石頭abusedenigrate詆毀C.D.E.，petroleum石油use用petrifydisabuse糾正52-2. We often regard natural phenomena like rainfall as mysterious and

26、unpredictable; although for short time spans （時段；span=range）andparticular places they appear so, in fact on a truly global scale, nature hasbeen a mof.A. reliability可靠B. diversity多樣；C. complexity復(fù)雜reliable可靠的= discrepancy, disparity, dissimilarityD. plasticity可塑plastic=malleableE. discontinuity不連續(xù)ti

27、n=holdpertinacious頑固的continue52-3. There has been great enthusiasm in the United States for reducing fossilfuel dependence by increasing production of biofuels（生物） from cropssuch as corn and switchgrass, but this (i) about biofuels potential shouldbe (ii)by a realistic appraisal（評估；appraise） of the

28、costs andcBlank (i)Blank (ii)A. forbearance克制， forbearforebear祖先D. tempered減輕，緩和temperate有節(jié)制的=moderateB. exuberance熱情洋溢uber果實exuberant熱情洋溢的=ebullient,buoyantE. delineated描繪=depict, displayC. obduracy固執(zhí)，冷漠dur硬obdurate冷漠的=indurateF. exacerbated=worsen, aggravate, foment acerb酸澀的，尖酸的52-4. According to

29、Dr. Edith Widder, measuring the level of pollutants in sediment provides a more accurate and robust indication of anestuarys（河口） health than does measuring the level of chemicals in thewater, since pollution in water is (i), but pollution in sediment is(Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. declining下降decline拒絕=ref

30、use, spurn, repudiateD. signicant重要的B. manageable容易的malleableE. persistent持久的C. transient短暫的ephemeral, evanescent, transitoryF. detectable可檢測的，可發(fā)現(xiàn)的detect發(fā)現(xiàn)detectable可感知的=perceptible,discernible, palpable52-5. Compared with, say（可以說，舉例子）, the precision of a skein of geese （鵝；goose）winging its way acr

31、oss the autumn sky in a V formation, the seasonal marches of grazers across the Serengeti seem (i), and at times even (ii).But, in fact, years of careful observation by scientists have shown that there is(iii) those migrations of zebras, wildebeests, and Thomsons gazelles.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (ii

32、i)A. disorganized的disarray, unruliness混亂D. illusionary錯覺的illusion, delusion幻覺G. a tendency toward aggression in的傾向gress走regress后退progress進(jìn)步B. purposeful有目的的purpose目的purport打算E. overwhelming大量的；勢不可擋的overwhelm使不知所措H. an undeniable grandeur toundeniable不可否認(rèn)的grandeur 重要；壯觀grand大grandstanding嘩眾取寵C(jī). massi

33、ve巨大的，大量的mass塊amass積累F. chaotic的I. a denite order to有明確的順序52-6. Biologists have little (i)drawing the link between the success ofhumaand human (ii)., many biologists claim that this attribute, theability to (iii) , or, to put it more sharply, to make individuals subordinate（征服sub, order ） their self

34、-interest to the needs of the group, lies at the root of humanaBlank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. consensus regarding共識D. resilience恢復(fù)力the ability to recoverG. reect反思B. compunction about內(nèi)疚punct尖punctilious一絲不茍的punctual準(zhǔn)時的E. sociability社交力H. communicateC. justication for理由reasonF. uniqueness獨一無二I.coope

35、rate合作=collaborate, league52-7. Given（因為） theof solid case studies of environmentdegradation（;grade走 ；retrograde；degrade貶低）, this newstudy adds very little to our knowledge of the eld.A. erroneousness錯誤err游蕩aberrant異常的erratic善變的plethora過多ple滿 complementary互補(bǔ)的 deplete耗盡 replete豐富的B.C.D.E.F.surfeit過度i

36、naccuracyfeit做counterfeit假冒forfeit罰金確=imprecisionrigor嚴(yán)厲rigorous嚴(yán)厲的=stern, rigidoutcome結(jié)果=, consequence52-8. Although his original mission（最初的任務(wù)） was a failure, Russian botanist Michael Friedrich Adams achieved an unexpectedwhen hefound, by chance, the carcass（殘骸remains） of a woolly mammoth.結(jié)論compel

37、lingupheaval劇變conclusive令人信服的=convincing, decisive,A.B.C.tumult, turmoil, uproartriumph勝利=prevail, conquerbombshell令人success的事情D.E.F.bombventureadventuremisadventure52-9. The medical researchers replied to the charge（指責(zé)） that their proposed new treatment wasby demonstrating that it in factobserved s

38、tandard medical practices.deleterious有害的 delete刪除禍根A.pernicious, detrimental, banefulbane證實的test檢驗detest厭惡orthodox正統(tǒng)的；傳統(tǒng)的=conventionalB.C.D.E.F.untestedunorthodox異端的=heterodoxexpensive昂貴的intricate復(fù)雜的expansive話多的=loquacious, garruloustric=trickinvolved, knotty, convolutedconventional=traditional傳統(tǒng)的un

39、conventional非傳統(tǒng)的52-10. Because experience（體驗） had convinced her that Hector was both self-seeking（自私的） and avaricious（貪婪的 =voracious, rapacious ）, she rejected the possibility that the motivation behind his donation hadbeen wholly.redundant多余的frivolous不嚴(yán)肅的und流abundant大量的 inundate淹沒A.B.反：serious, sol

40、emn 嚴(yán)肅的C. egotistical自私的selessegoistic自我為中心的ego自我反：altruistic,ephemeral短暫的=evanescent, transient, transitoryD.E. altruistic利他的= philanthropic, benecentF.benevolent仁慈的bene好benet好處Section 531. By the early nineteenth century, education in the United States had become affair（事務(wù)）: almost every town prov

41、ided free schools for young children, and many were in the process of building high schools.an analytical分析的analyze分析paralyze使癱瘓civilization文明A.lazB. a civic市民的civil公民的，有禮貌的a contested爭論的uncontested一致同意的=consentaneousC.D.E.a trivial不重要的=immaterial, inconsequential, insignicantan exclusive唯一的；獨家的；排外的

42、=onlyclud關(guān)閉 exclude排除precludeseclude53-2. Hischaracter enables him to work with people who often holdsometimes even conict views.choleric易怒的chol膽汁melancholy憂郁A.B.intransigent固執(zhí)的intransigobdurate, pertinacious, stubbornC. ofcious多管閑事的=prying, snoopy和平的=dovish形近：ironic諷刺的D.E.irenicprudent謹(jǐn)慎的=circumspe

43、ct, wary明智的=sagacious53-3. The scientists motivation for (i) a ban（；banish） onthe addictive（使人上癮的） food cannot be called (ii). He himself hada patent for the substitution（代替） for the addictive food.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. advocating提倡voc說話equivocate地說vociferous喧鬧的convoke召集開會D. altruistic利他的=benevolent

44、, philanthropic,benecentB. opposingtransgress, fracture, contradictE. solemn嚴(yán)肅的=earnest, graveC. conceding承認(rèn)=acknowledge, avow否認(rèn)：disavowF. effective有效的ineffective無效的=feckless, bootless, fruitless, futile53-4. Since the eld of quantum mechanics is often considered to be(i), it was surprising to nd it

45、 attracts so much (ii)interest.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. abstruse難懂的trus推obtrusive 扎眼的D. cursory草率的=headlong, precipitate, rashcur跑concur同意；同時發(fā)生excursive離題的=discursiveincursion B. unconventional非傳統(tǒng)的E. technical科技的C. interdisciplinary跨學(xué)科的F. general普遍的=generic, universal53-5. To many newspapers readers no

46、w, this book published in 1953 is (i). It is lled with references（參考文獻(xiàn)） to some people whoseideas seemed (ii)at that time, but are rarely viewed as (iii) Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)D. unfashionable過時的=outdated的A. refreshingly inspired激發(fā)G. ignoble=despicable, base, sordidnobleB. somewhat dated過時的E.

47、 dutiable應(yīng)交稅的H. prolic多產(chǎn)的=fecund, fruitful,productiveC. excessively angry非常生氣excessive極度的=redundant, surplus,superuousF. important重要的I.seminal重要的=inuential創(chuàng)新的semindisseminate宣傳，53-6. Unambiguous（clear） texts can allow their readers to (i)themquickly, but ambiguous texts can have the attractive (ii)o

48、f multiple possible interpretations, all of which can be considered equally (iii) ,and none of which is the single true meaning.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. misunderstand誤解D. stigma=Esti=sting刺G. valid合理的B. comprehend理解comprehensive全面的comprehensible可理解的E. blemish blameH. frank坦白的to be frankC. complicate復(fù)雜的F. allure lureI.inveterate根深蒂固的=ingrained, chronicveteran 老兵53-7. Although the company still loses the occasional lawsuit（）,