環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)

1、 吉林化工學(xué)院 校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)與評(píng)估班級(jí)：環(huán)工1102 專業(yè)：環(huán)境工程 姓名：董廣慶 指導(dǎo)老師：李萬海吉林化工學(xué)院校園環(huán)境噪聲監(jiān)測(cè)與評(píng)估 監(jiān)測(cè)概況噪聲是發(fā)生體做無規(guī)則時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音，聲音由物體振動(dòng)引起，以波的形式在一定的介質(zhì)（如固體、液體、氣體）中進(jìn)行傳播通常所說的噪聲染是指人為造成的。根據(jù)中華人民共和國環(huán)境噪聲污染防治法頒布的條例規(guī)定，環(huán)境噪聲是指在工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、建設(shè)施工、交通運(yùn)輸和社會(huì)生活中所產(chǎn)生的影響周圍生活環(huán)境的聲音。校園是學(xué)生在校內(nèi)學(xué)習(xí)和活動(dòng)的外界環(huán)境，良好的外界環(huán)境可促進(jìn)學(xué)生的身心健康，使學(xué)生有充沛的精力從事各項(xiàng)活動(dòng)。在此環(huán)境中，它的噪聲狀況如何，是否影響正常的教學(xué)工作，是否影響學(xué)生的

2、學(xué)習(xí)、生活、睡眠，都是大家關(guān)心的。本文對(duì)2013年12月6日吉林化工學(xué)院校園周邊聲環(huán)境進(jìn)行定點(diǎn)測(cè)量，分析校園聲環(huán)境質(zhì)量的現(xiàn)狀及變化趨勢(shì)。1.1 點(diǎn)位布置及監(jiān)測(cè)時(shí)間1.1.1 點(diǎn)位布置測(cè)量2號(hào)學(xué)生公寓區(qū)域的噪音測(cè)量二教區(qū)域的噪音測(cè)量一教區(qū)域的噪音測(cè)量學(xué)校超市區(qū)域的噪音測(cè)量校門口區(qū)域的噪音1.1.2 監(jiān)測(cè)時(shí)間由于學(xué)校的規(guī)定，選取的時(shí)間選為早上9:40-11:40， 晚上4:10-5:10。1.1.3 測(cè)量條件 測(cè)量時(shí)一般選在無雨、無雪時(shí)，聲級(jí)計(jì)應(yīng)該加風(fēng)罩以避免風(fēng)的干擾，同時(shí)也要保持傳聲器清潔。四級(jí)以上大風(fēng)天氣停止測(cè)量。1.1.4實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備聲級(jí)計(jì) 1.1.5 測(cè)量方法手持儀器測(cè)量，傳聲器要求距離地面1

3、.2米。 1.2統(tǒng)計(jì)及計(jì)算方法1.2.1數(shù)據(jù)讀取1、將學(xué)校劃分為500*500M的網(wǎng)格，測(cè)量點(diǎn)選在每個(gè)網(wǎng)格的交點(diǎn)，若交點(diǎn)位置不宜測(cè)量，可移到旁邊能夠測(cè)量的位置。2、每組2人配置一臺(tái)聲級(jí)計(jì)，每組共用一臺(tái)聲級(jí)計(jì)，順序到各網(wǎng)點(diǎn)測(cè)量，時(shí)間從8:0017:00，每一網(wǎng)格至少測(cè)2次，時(shí)間間隔盡量相同。3、讀數(shù)方式用慢檔，每隔十秒讀一個(gè)瞬時(shí)A聲級(jí)，連續(xù)讀一百個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)。讀數(shù)同時(shí)要判斷和記錄附近主要噪聲來源（如交通噪聲、施工噪聲、工廠或車間噪聲、鍋爐噪聲）天氣條件。計(jì)算方法 環(huán)境噪聲是隨時(shí)間而起伏的無規(guī)律噪聲，因此測(cè)量結(jié)果一般用統(tǒng)計(jì)值或等效聲級(jí)來表示，本實(shí)驗(yàn)用等效聲級(jí)表示。 等效聲級(jí)Leq的表達(dá)式： Leq=L5

4、0+d60 d=L10-L90將各網(wǎng)點(diǎn)每一次的測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)（100個(gè)）順序排列找出L10、L50、L90，求出等效聲級(jí)Leq，再將該網(wǎng)點(diǎn)一整天的各次Leq值求出算術(shù)平均值，作為該網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的環(huán)境噪聲評(píng)價(jià)量。1.2.3 測(cè)量數(shù)據(jù)見下表1.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)處理 環(huán)境噪聲是隨時(shí)間而起伏的無規(guī)律噪聲，因此測(cè)量結(jié)果一般用統(tǒng)計(jì)值或等效聲級(jí)來表示，本實(shí)驗(yàn)用等效聲級(jí)表示。根據(jù)公式Leq=L5O+d260，d=LIOL90式中，L1O一測(cè)定時(shí)間內(nèi)，10的時(shí)間超過的噪聲級(jí)，相當(dāng)于噪聲的平均峰值； L50一測(cè)定時(shí)間內(nèi)，50的時(shí)間超過的噪聲級(jí)，相當(dāng)于噪聲的平均值；L90測(cè)定時(shí)間內(nèi)，90的時(shí)間超過的噪聲級(jí)，相當(dāng)于噪聲的背景值將100

5、個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)從大到小排列，第10個(gè)數(shù)為LIO，第50個(gè)數(shù)為L50，第90個(gè)數(shù)為L90求出每個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)在每一天每一時(shí)段的等效連續(xù)A聲級(jí)(Leq)，并將所得數(shù)據(jù)列于表一。表一 ： 第一次測(cè)量 地點(diǎn)1：二教門前 測(cè)量人：蒙洪宇 董廣慶 噪聲來源：過往人群 單位:dB63.355.869.277.878.673.668.774.369.763.964.955.273.172.280.174.569.477.772.261.765.758.980.376.377.377.865.974.876.367.966.463.979.172.878.776.176.969.671.368.270.963.373.681

6、75.773.275.570.177.569.872.272.875.872.974.668.978.271.272.969.769.375.577.371.977.967.777.467.273.876.974.470.978.170.973.568.878.276.776.379.372.675.275.678.170.364.976.965.173.674.371.872.962.87071.366.978.262.773.177.7地點(diǎn)2：一教門前 測(cè)量人：董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：過往人群 單位:dB76.872.378.476.579.474.372.663.777.966.978

7、.975.577.176.872.269.574.468.978.964.87771.371.879.374.572.976.166.769.864.97876.777.582.874.876.773.569.866.463.379.674.874.882.979.277.875.369.265.962.979.773.173.673.173.972.573.771.868.463.375.976.775.676.774.874.372.568.570.165.476.472.272.973.379.477.871.269.469.964.773.874.577.474.875.674.472

8、.568.968.665.877.674.875.674.577.268.573.770.267.467.8地點(diǎn)3:學(xué)校超市門前 測(cè)量人：董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：過往人群 單位:dB79.778.45965.771.671.262.463.773.266.580.277.476.775.975.672.567.368.974.571.180.572.674.959.977.173.768.966.777.869.778.371.879.379.174.675.764.269.876.168.481.775.577.582.378.260.571.869.273.268.575.977.978

9、.38279.274.269.971.868.96676.475.669.681.478.5826868.567.765.377.877.467.879.47567.165.969.465.867.173.876.47277.873.677.867.968.964.966.775.975.773.174.972.372.866.972.566.968.2地點(diǎn)4:學(xué)生公寓2號(hào)樓門前 測(cè)量人： 董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：鍋爐噪聲 單位:dB75.976.180.377.972.568.965.970.667.975.559.973.279.167.373.767.871.368.968.477.9

10、79.168.973.669.279.471.572.565.865.468.982.367.775.898.775.671.379.378.369.367.875.965.877.378.977.373.880.369.665.476.459.977.978.177.768.974.982.767.867.274.279.182.876.875.367.467.370.87266.271.382.382.972.665.774.665.972.469.465.172.679.673.171.869.777.867.975.467.267.277.181.276.775.568.476.167

11、.863.968.471.269.3地點(diǎn)5：學(xué)校大門口 測(cè)量人：董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：交通噪聲 單位:dB67.772.360.55867.859.261.760.377.276.165.360.763.959.164.65864.658.372.671.372.661.666.754.159.559.159.559.567.966.875.658.463.767.960.454.160.461.47865.379.759.368.958.354.767.954.762.467.469.767.758.666.756.956.858.356.964.866.667.365.262.469.

12、855.659.361.758.979.768.468.972.663.269.255.260.369.161.367.758.666.771.169.571.858.962.454.856.965.262.469.859.669.454.163.561.756.857.366.961.658.9第二次測(cè)量 地點(diǎn)1：二教門前 測(cè)量人：董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：過往人群 單位:dB59.159.549.546.548.543.552.744.743.657.454.160.451.942.549.857.258.345.742.741.667.954.742.547.450.448.353.74

13、3.441.943.958.35854.741.954.139.751.542.742.842.947.658.353.542.551.542.145.645.941.738.649.857.251.442.449.442.844.651.840.739.750.448.353.540.358.343.743.849.739.43951.542.549.441.753.739.643.647.938.438.552.541.548.539.552.737.642.647.137.536.853.739.348.454.552.138.644.546.438.741.8地點(diǎn)2：一教門前 測(cè)量人：

14、董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：過往人群 單位:dB51.941.448.143.751.939.443.745.337.443.350.642.647.944.849.738.742.744.936.842.449.741.951.642.548.740.541.739.735.842.448.642.749.542.447.942.941.548.537.942.945.642.548.740.344.439.739.348.437.941.847.842.447.541.733.940.540.540.638.540.651.940.346.939.536.842.742.842.940.94

15、0.943.841.748.654.537.845.941.738.641.842.842.839.547.952.638.951.840.739.742.743.744.754.549.842.549.449.739.43939.542.9地點(diǎn)3:學(xué)校超市門前 測(cè)量人：董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：過往人群 單位:dB52.749.552.657.950.452.951.651.851.950.441.548.554.956.342.451.754.647.252.751.339.348.453.353.540.353.949.548.953.953.540.344.452.954.743.85

16、5.667.452.955.351.541.733.949.73945.852.959.451.654.350.349.537.738.438.54851.653.253.252.949.548.738.837.536.848.650.549.552.850.447.847.641.939.845.849.642.547.453.849.549.450.944.845.848.250.454.741.954.548.751.451.545.747.947.353.753.542.550.949.545.6地點(diǎn)4: 學(xué)生公寓2號(hào)樓門前 測(cè)量人：董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：鍋爐噪聲 單位:dB67.

17、368.978.271.265.470.769.782.567.969.566.567.777.467.267.574.670.375.767.967.765.365.878.276.768.869.768.469.768.271.559.764.976.965.171.568.469.772.569.873.568.668.466.967.973.666.667.370.369.772.566.97277.873.677.868.468.968.776.969.665.973.174.972.372.858.666.772.579.370.670.172.872.671.870.462.46

18、9.871.374.372.669.370.371.797.471.861.658.973.577.771.669.471.470.580.469.469.363.574.672.570.5地點(diǎn)5：學(xué)校大門口 測(cè)量人：董廣慶 蒙洪宇 噪聲來源：交通噪聲 單位:dB67.867.866.667.769.465.369.563.773.256.376.47265.365.368.768.468.468.968.959.266.963.564.768.866.265.367.966.767.760.370.963.361.971.564.569.264.369.865.862.372.872.671

19、.470.359.468.370.869.277.964.669.375.569.669.574.665.972.471.882.866.774.470.976.569.377.867.975.468.582.965.972.675.265.368.876.167.863.969.473.169.369.657.861.770.271.371.365.468.976.770.670.654.867.671.370.371.467.870.273.171.4 2號(hào)每個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)在上午時(shí)間段監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì) 單位:dB地點(diǎn)二教門前一教門前超市門口2號(hào)樓門前學(xué)校大門口L1078.178.479.279.473.2L5072.973.872.572563.4L9064.966.466.065.956.9Leq75.876.275.475.469.83號(hào)每個(gè)監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)在上午時(shí)間段監(jiān)測(cè)結(jié)果統(tǒng)計(jì) 單位:dB地點(diǎn)二教門前一教門前超市門口2號(hào)樓門前學(xué)校大門口L1049.754.554.577.479.5L5042.749.649.670.374.9L9038.240.339.865.863.2Leq44.953.053.272.579.3各個(gè)