英語語法填空解題技巧與方法

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上英語語法填空解題技巧與方法1. 通讀全文，把握大意。既然是通過語篇在語境中考語法，那么，我們在解題前，應快速瀏覽短文，把握全文大意，這一步非常重要。2. 結(jié)合語境，試填空格。讀懂短文之后，要結(jié)合短文所提供的特定的語言環(huán)境，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)的完整性去分析思考空格所缺單詞的詞性，再根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，以及句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系來確定具體要填的單詞和所給詞的正確形式。具體來說，可按設(shè)題類型分為三類情況：純空格試題的解題技巧。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定填哪類詞。然后，再根據(jù)句子的意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。確定填哪類詞有以下7個技巧：技巧1：缺主語

2、或賓語，一定是填代詞或名詞(多考代詞)。如：例1I can send a message to Kenya whenever I want to, and _38_ gets there almost in a second. (2007年茂名一模) 解析：and連接前后兩個句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，“馬上可到達那里”的是the message，替代the message用代詞 。技巧2：名詞前面，若沒有限定詞(冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞)，很可能是填限定詞。如：例2It is said that a short-tempered man in

3、 the Song Dynasty (9601279) was very anxious to help _33_rice crop grow up quickly. (2008年廣東高考)解析：名詞rice crop前還沒有限定詞，應當填限定詞；根據(jù)句意，這個急性子人當然是急于使“他的”禾苗長得快，故填形容詞性物主代詞 。例3the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _35_ small town some 20 kilometers away where there was a garage

4、. (2007年廣東高考)解析：因單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞town前還沒有限定詞，應填限定語；根據(jù)句意，是指將車拉到離那里大約有20公里遠的一個小鎮(zhèn)上去修理，表示“一個”，用不定冠詞，故填 。技巧3：句子不缺主語、表語、動詞后不缺賓語的情況下，名詞或代詞前面，一定是填介詞。例4 who should have the honour of receiving me _33_ a guest in their house. (2007年廣東高考)解析：因a guest在句中不作主語、表語、動詞的賓語，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語；又由句意可知，他們“把我當作客人”來接待，表示“當作”，用介詞 。技巧

5、4：若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞。例5two world-famous artists, Pablo Picasso _34_ Candido Portinari, which are worth millions of dollars.解析：因與Pablo Picasso (畢加索)與Candido Portinari (坎迪多·波爾蒂納里)這兩個名詞之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，應填 。例6all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me _36_almost instan

6、tly gave me a completely new sense of what life is all about. (2008年深圳一模) 解析：因melted me和gave me兩個動賓短語之間沒有連詞，一定是填連詞；兩者是并列關(guān)系，故填 。技巧5：若兩句(一個主謂關(guān)系算一個句子)之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞或從屬連詞。 如例7 I wanted to see as much of the city as possible in the two days _32_I was to return to Guangzhou. (2008年廣州一模) 解析：因I wa

7、nted to是一個句子，I was to return也是一個句子，這兩個句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系，可知“參觀這個城市的盡可能多的地方”應是在“返回廣州”之前，故填 。例8 He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _37_he felt very happy (2008年廣東高考) 解析：因He was very tired是一個句子，he felt very happy也是一個句子，這兩個句子之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意和兩句之間邏輯關(guān)系，可知“干了

8、一整天活累極了”與“感到非常高興”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填 。技巧6：若結(jié)構(gòu)較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)或倒裝的助動詞(do, does, did等)。 如例9What is acceptable in one country _31_be considered extremely rude in another. (2007珠三角五校聯(lián)考)解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主語從句，空格后的be considered是謂語；因其中的be是原形，故空格處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞does(

9、由語境可知是一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是第三人稱單數(shù))；由句意及作者的語氣可知，需填表示“可能”的情態(tài)動詞 。例10 He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary. 解析：這是一個由but連接的并列句，由前一分句的謂語動詞had是一般過去時可知，后一分句的謂語動詞bring也應用一般過去時；可是，bring卻用的是原形，既與語境的時態(tài)不附，也與主語he不一致，該句不是倒裝句，因此，此處必定是填情態(tài)動詞或表示強調(diào)的助動詞did；由句

10、意和作者的語氣推測，應當填對謂語表示強調(diào)的助動詞 (的確) 技巧7：由特殊的句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應填的詞。(1)由it isthat強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)形式，判斷填it還是that。如：例11 and _40_was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! (2007年廣州一模)解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句為強調(diào)句，應填 。(2)由倒裝句式判斷，是填構(gòu)成倒裝的條件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，還是填d

11、o, does, did等。如：例12 _with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由can you expect to可知，這是倒裝句，根據(jù)構(gòu)成倒裝的條件可知，應填副詞 ，因為“ +狀語(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒裝。(3)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷，空格處是否填it。如： 例13 as _32_took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two world-famous artists (2008年佛山二模)解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是 ta

12、kes, sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主語，空格處填形式主語 。例14Dating sites also make _36_easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. (2008年惠州二模)解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，to avoid是真正的賓語，easy是賓補，空格處應填作形式賓語的 。(4)so /suchthat句型。如：例15 This made the goat so jealous _34_it began plotting against (

13、謀劃對付) the donkey. (2007年惠州二模)解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，這是sothat句型，應填 。(5)morethan (與其說不如說，比更)句型。如：例16Cynthias story shows vividly that people remember more how much a manager cares _40_ how much he pays. 解析：由句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該橫杠為 。句意是與經(jīng)理所給的報酬相比，雇員更銘記于心的是他的關(guān)心。 給出了動詞的試題的解題技巧 首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按以下兩點進行思考。技巧8：若句中沒有別的謂語動詞，

14、或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)。例17His fear of failure _36_ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon. (2008年深圳一模)解析：因主語His fear of failure后沒有別的謂語動詞，需填的動詞應為謂語動詞；因主語與keep是主動關(guān)系，應用主動語態(tài)；由從句謂語動詞played可知，要用一般過去時，故填 。例18 That was definitely not an a

15、ttractive idea so I politely declined her Invitation, _40_ (close) my book and walked away. (2008年廣州一模)解析：雖然句中已有謂語動詞declined，但由and walked可知，所填詞與declined和walked是并列關(guān)系，所以也用一般過去式 。例19 In Logan, three people _38_ (take)to a hospital, while others were treated at a local clinic. (2007梅州二模)解析：因主語three peop

16、le與take是被動關(guān)系，即三個人被送進醫(yī)院，故用被動語態(tài)；由were treated可知，要用一般過去時，故填 。技巧9：若句中已有謂語動詞，又不是并列謂語時，所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定用ing形式、ed形式，還是用不定式形式，確定的方法主要有：(1)作主語或賓語，通常用ing形式表示習慣或一般情況，用不定式表示具體的情況。如：例20 but it is not enough only _35_(memorize) rules from a grammar book. (2007年佛山一模)解析：因it是形式主語，后面用不定式作真正的主語，故填 。例21 _ (speak

17、) out your inner feeling wont make you feel ashamed, on the contrary解析：句中已有謂語wont make，所以speak應為非謂語動詞；謂語前面應為主語，作主語，表示一般情況，要用動名詞短語，故填 。(2)作目的狀語或者在形容詞后的作狀語，一般用不定式。如：例22 _ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. 解析：因句中已有謂語will have to work，所以complete應為非謂語動詞；因“(為了)按計劃完

18、成這項工程”是“我們每天不得不額外多工作兩小時”的目的，作目的狀語，用動詞不定式，故填 。例23 Some people say that oldest children, who are smart and strong-willed, are very likely _33_ (succeed). (2008年佛山一模)解析：因在形容詞likely后作狀語，要用動詞不定式，故填 。(3)作伴隨狀語，常用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞，是被動關(guān)系，用過去分詞。如：例24 He saw the stone, _37_ (say) to himself: “The night will

19、be very dark.” (2008年東莞一模)解析：句中已有謂語saw，所給動詞與saw不是并列關(guān)系，應當是非謂語動詞；又因He與say是主動關(guān)系，故填 作伴隨狀語。 例25 The headmaster went into the lab, _(follow) by the foreign guests.解析：句中已有謂語went，而follow又不是與之并列的，故為非謂語動詞；又因the headmaster與follow是被動關(guān)系，故用 作伴隨狀語。(4)不論非謂語動詞在句中作何種成分，若判斷需要用分詞，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系用ing形式，是被動關(guān)系用ed形式。如：例26 There

20、 will be a meeting, _40_ (start) later this year to review the film. (2008年廣州二模) 解析：因a meeting與start是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，補充說明a meeting，故填 。例27 Lessons _39_ (learn) in sports can help us in our dealing with other people. (廣東考試說明)解析：因句中已有謂語can help，所以learn應為非謂語動詞；又因lesson與learn是被動關(guān)系，要用過去分詞短語作定語，故填 。詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的

21、解題技巧 根據(jù)該詞在句子所作句子成分確定用哪種形式。具體方法有：技巧10：作表語、定語或補語，通常用形容詞形式。如：例28 The youngster immediately fell _ (silence) as tears flew down from his big blue eyes.解析：因在系動詞fell后作表語，用形容詞，故填 。例29 In a _ (danger) part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to解析：在冠詞與名詞之間，要用形容詞，作定語，故填 。例30 Teachers must try

22、 their best to make most of their students _ (interest) in the subject解析：因所填詞在句中作賓語most of their students的補足語，用形容詞；表示“感興趣”，填 。技巧11：作主語、在及物動詞或介詞后作賓語，用名詞形式，但要注意名詞的形，單或復。如：例31 When Chinas ancient scientific and technological _ (achieve) are mentioned, the nation will generally refer to the Four Great I

23、nventions.解析：在時間狀語從句中，要求填的詞作主語，Chinas ancient scientific and technological是主語的定語；作主語要用名詞，又由are可知，主語是復數(shù)，故填 。例32 These people have made great _39_ (contribute) to China with their work. (2007年茂名二模)解析：在句中作及物動詞have made的賓語，要用名詞形式；表示“作貢獻”，其前面沒有不定冠詞時，習慣上用復數(shù)，故填 。例33 instructors expect students to be famili

24、ar with _32_ (inform) in the reading (2008年三校聯(lián)考)解析：因with是介詞，在介詞后作賓語，要用名詞，故填 。技巧12：在形容詞性物主代詞后，或者在“冠詞(+形容詞)”后，用名詞形式。如：例34 the remains date from this period because of their _38_ (similar) to those found elsewhere. (2008年廣州二模)解析：在形容詞性物代詞(their)后應當用名詞，故填 。例35 With the large numbers of students, the _ (o

25、perate) of the system does involve a certain amount of activity.解析：在冠詞后，要用名詞，故填 。技巧13：修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。如：例36  As I looked _32_ (close) at this girl, I fount that (2008年深圳一模)解析：修飾動詞looked，作狀語，用副詞，故填 。例37 There must be something _40_ (serious) wrong with our society. (2008潮州期末)解析：要求填的詞

26、修飾形容詞wrong，作狀語，用副詞，故填 。例38Singles are flocking(涌向) to the Internet _33_ (main) because their busy lifestyles leave them little time (2008年惠州三模)解析：修飾because引導的原因狀語從句，修飾整個句子，作狀語，用副詞，故填 。技巧14：括號中所給詞有可能是要求詞義轉(zhuǎn)換，詞類不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需根據(jù)句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un, im等，在詞根后加less等。如：例39 People certainly have a variety of reasons for going back to school but one important thing to know is, no knowledge is _ (use).解析：作表語要用形容詞；又由句意可知，作者是表達“沒有什么知識是無用的”，故填 。例40 Your mistake caused a lot of _ (necessa