英語中考復(fù)習(xí)并列句和復(fù)合句

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上語法專項突破專題十三并列句和復(fù)合句一、并列句由并列連詞把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接起來的句子叫并列句。常見分類：1表示同等、平行或承接關(guān)系，常用連詞有and，both.and.，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，as well as等。2表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，常用連詞有but，yet（然而），while（而）等。3表示選擇關(guān)系，常見連詞有or，not.but（不是而是），either.or.（要么要么）等。4表示因果關(guān)系，常見連詞有as，for（因為），so等。二、復(fù)合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構(gòu)成的句子叫復(fù)合句。從句須由關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)。初中

2、英語教材主要涉及的復(fù)合句有賓語從句、定語從句和狀語從句?？键c一賓語從句在主從復(fù)合句中作主句賓語的從句叫賓語從句。1賓語從句的語序賓語從句的語序用陳述語序。Do you know how much the house is?你知道這房子多少錢嗎？2賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)詞舉例由that引導(dǎo)I know （that）you are a good man.我知道你是個好人。由if或whether引導(dǎo)I dont know if he can come.我不知道是否他能來。由連接代詞who，what，whose引導(dǎo)Did you find out who stole the money?你查明了是誰偷的

3、錢嗎？由連接副詞when，why，where，how引導(dǎo)The granny doesnt know where the bus stop is.那位老奶奶不知道公共汽車站在哪里。3.賓語從句的時態(tài)用法舉例當(dāng)主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時態(tài)時，賓語從句的時態(tài)可根據(jù)實際情況而定（可以是任意時態(tài)）I hear that he went to Hangzhou yesterday.我聽說他昨天去杭州了。Mary says that she will leave China tomorrow.瑪麗說她明天要離開中國。當(dāng)主句是過去時態(tài)時，賓語從句必須用過去的某種時態(tài)（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過

4、去完成時等）I thought that you were Li Mings brother.我原以為你是李明的弟弟。I heard that you were ill yesterday.我聽說昨天你病了。如果賓語從句表示的是一個永恒不變的客觀事實、普遍真理、科學(xué)原理、自然現(xiàn)象，即使主句是過去時，從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時The teacher told us the earth goes around the sun.老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。When I was a little child，I knew that the sun is bigger than the moon.當(dāng)我還是小孩

5、子的時候，我就知道太陽比月亮大。4.否定轉(zhuǎn)移現(xiàn)象用法舉例主句的動詞用think“認(rèn)為”、expect“期待”、guess“猜想”、imagine“想象”、believe“相信”、suppose“假如”、assume“假定”等連接一個具有否定意義的賓語從句時，否定詞not要前移到主句中，即主句的謂語動詞用否定形式串連記憶：我認(rèn)為（believe）我們期待（expect）的那個猜想（suppose）有假I dont think I can remember the 100 new words within one hour.我想我不能在一小時之內(nèi)記住這100個生詞。I dont believe t

6、hat he will come tonight.我相信今晚他不會來。The little girl doesnt expect that she will see her parents soon.這個小女孩并不指望能很快見到她的父母?？键c二定語從句在復(fù)合句中作定語，修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句，叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾的詞叫先行詞，通常位于定語從句之前。引導(dǎo)定語從句的是關(guān)系代詞that，which，who（whom，whose）和關(guān)系副詞when，where，why。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞位于先行詞和定語從句之間，它既起連接作用，又充當(dāng)從句中的一個成分。含定語從句的復(fù)合句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：

7、先行詞關(guān)系詞定語從句。A doctor is a_person who looks_after peoples_health.醫(yī)生是關(guān)心人身體健康的人。who是關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。1.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句總是跟在它所修飾的先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中一定要作從句中的一個成分。關(guān)系代詞起名詞或代詞的作用，關(guān)系副詞起副詞或介詞短語的作用。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時，從句謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。作賓語時，可以省略。（1）先行詞指人時，定語從句

8、由who，whom，that引導(dǎo)，在從句中who，that可以作主語或賓語，whom只作賓語。Is he the man who/that wants to see you?他就是想見你的那個人嗎？The man who/that/whom my mother is talking to is Mr Wang.那個正和我媽媽談話的人是王先生。（2）先行詞指物時，定語從句由which，that引導(dǎo)，在從句中可以作主語或賓語。The book that/which I read yesterday is very interesting.昨天我看的那本書很有趣。The doll that/whic

9、h can sing costs 200 yuan.那個會唱歌的洋娃娃值200元。（3）whose 在定語從句中只用作定語，有時它還可以同of which互換。Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.請遞給我那本綠皮的書。2關(guān)系代詞that/which/who的用法區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞that，which可以指物，that和who可以指人，其用法有如下區(qū)別：（1）只可用that引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)先行詞為everything，nothing，something，anything等不定代詞時。We should do e

10、verything that is useful to the people.我們應(yīng)該做一切對人民有用的事。先行詞被all，every，no，some，any，little，much等修飾時。You can take any seat that is free.你可以坐任何一個空位。先行詞被the only，the very，the right等詞修飾時。He is the very man that Im looking for.他正是我正在找的那個人。當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。This is the best movie that I have seen.這是我所看過的最好的電影。當(dāng)先

11、行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。This is the second time that you have told us the story.這是你第二次給我們講這個故事了。當(dāng)先行詞同時含有人和物時。We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我們談?wù)撐覀兯信d趣的人和事。（2）只用which引導(dǎo)的定語從句當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前使用介詞時，只能用which，不能用that。This is the train by which we went to Beijing.這就是我們?nèi)ケ本┏俗哪前嗔熊?。在非限制性定語從句（即通常用逗號

12、與主句隔開，若去掉從句，整個句子仍能表達(dá)完整意義的定語從句）中。Football，which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.足球，一項非常有趣的運動，全世界人都在踢。（3）表示人時，當(dāng)先行詞為everybody，anybody，everyone，anyone等時要用who，而不用that。Is there anyone who can answer this question?有人會回答這個問題嗎？3關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句（1）關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語，when用在表示時間的名詞后，where用在表示地點的名詞

13、后，why用在表示原因的名詞后。when，where，why的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞which”結(jié)構(gòu)互換使用。I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.我依然記得我第一次遇到他的那一天。Changsha is the place where/in which I was born.長沙是我的出生地。Is this the reason why/for which he was late this morning?這就是他今早遲到的理由嗎？（2）當(dāng)先行詞雖然表示時間、地點或原因，但關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語

14、、賓語而不是狀語時，不可用when，where或why，而應(yīng)用that或which。Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.（作狀語）Hangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake.（作主語）Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.（作狀語）Ill never forget the day that/which we spent together.考點三狀語從句狀語從句在復(fù)合句中起狀語的作用，修飾主句中的謂語、形

15、容詞或副詞。狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，從屬連詞不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。根據(jù)意義上的不同，狀語從句可分為：時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、目的狀語從句、讓步狀語從句、原因狀語從句、結(jié)果狀語從句、比較狀語從句，地點狀語從句等等。從句類型從句引導(dǎo)詞例句時間狀語從句when；while；before；after；until；since；as soon asI didnt go home until 10：00 pm.我直到晚上十點才回家。I will call you as soon as I see him.我一看到他就會給你打電話。條件狀語從句if；unless；as long asIf I am

16、 free，I will go shopping.如果我有空，我將去購物。目的狀語從句so that；in order thatI got up early so that I could catch the early bus.為了趕上早班車，我起床很早。讓步狀語從句though/although；even if；whatever；wherever；wheneverThough he is young，he knows a lot.雖然他很年輕，他知道很多。原因狀語從句because；since；as；forTom isnt here because he is ill.湯姆不在這兒因為他病

17、了。結(jié)果狀語從句so.that；such.thatHe plays basketball so well that many Americans have become his fans.他籃球打得如此好以至于很多美國人也成了他的粉絲。比較狀語從句than；as.as.；not as/so.as.Im as old as Bob.我和鮑勃年齡一樣大。地點狀語從句where；whereverWhere there is a will，there is a way.哪里有希望，哪有就有出路。（有志者事竟成。）1（2012湖南岳陽中考，23）Do you know the lady _is talk

18、ing with Mr Smith?Yes，shes our new chemistry teacher，Miss Brown.AwhoBwhichCwhom2（2012湖南株洲中考，28）People often like clothes _ can make them look young.Awhen Bwho Cthat 3（2012湖南永州中考，35）John is the boy_legs were badly injured in the accident.Awhose Bthat Cwho 4（2012廣西柳州中考，37）The Palace Museum is the best

19、 place _ Ive ever visited.Awho Bwhen Cthat 5（2012湖南郴州中考，35）Excuse me，could you please tell me_？Sorry，Im new here.I dont know the way，either.Awhere is Suxian MountainBwhere Suxian Mountain isCSuxian Mountain is where 6（2012湖南永州中考，30）The teacher asked Li Hua _.Awhy he was late for classBwhy was he lat

20、e for classCwhy is he late for class7（2012湖南懷化中考，30）I dont know _.Awhen the train will leaveBwhen will the train leaveCthe train will leave when8Gina loves singers _ write their own music.Awhich Bwho Cwhose9What a new computer！Can you tell me _？Just the day before yesterday.Ahow much you paid for it

21、Bhow much did you pay for itCwhen you bought it10Do you know _？Next Sunday.Awhat they will doBwhere they will goCwhen they will come here11Ill never forget the day _ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.Athat Bwhich Cwhen12What kind of movies do you like?I like the movies _ are about Chinese history.Awho Bwhom Cthat13I hate people _ dont help others when they are in trouble.Awho Bwhich Cwhose14Betty will ring me up when she _ in Beijing.Aarrive Barrives Carrived15If you _ your homework，y