國際商務(wù)英語教材重點(diǎn)句型10476

1、國際商務(wù)英語教材重點(diǎn)句型1、國際貿(mào)易一般指不同國家的當(dāng)事人進(jìn)行的交易，它涉及到許多因素，因而此國內(nèi)貿(mào)易要復(fù)雜得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated than, domestic business.2、有形貿(mào)易是指將在一國生產(chǎn)或制造的商品，出口或進(jìn)口到另一國消費(fèi)或轉(zhuǎn)售。Visible trade refers to exporting and impo

2、rting goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in an-other.3、外國直接投資，簡稱FDI。投資者通過控制其投資在他國的企業(yè)和資產(chǎn)獲得回報(bào)。Foreign direct investments of FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country.4、國民生產(chǎn)總值指一個經(jīng)濟(jì)體憑借其居民擁有的資產(chǎn)和勞動力所生產(chǎn)的貨物

3、和服務(wù)的市場價(jià)值。GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.5、日本和中國是重要貿(mào)易伙伴，兩國經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)，又是一衣帶水的近鄰。中日貿(mào)易關(guān)系對兩國都有重要的意義。With mutually complementary economy, Japan and China are major trade partners, and the two countries are close neighb

4、ours separated only by a strip of water. Sino-Japanese relations are therefore of great importance to both countries.6、加拿大和美國有很長的共同邊境，而且大部分加拿大居民居住在邊境地區(qū)。加美兩佃以其富有的市場，擁有世界最大的雙邊貿(mào)易。Sharing a very long common border along which most of the Canadian people live, Canade and the United States, with their res

5、pective rich market, enjoy the largest single bilateral trade in the world.7、歐盟委員會是它的執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，有20個委員會，管理23個負(fù)責(zé)不同事務(wù)的部門。Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing 23deaprtments in charge of different affairs.8、盡管內(nèi)部存在矛盾，外部有來自非歐佩克產(chǎn)油國的競爭，但歐佩克這個占世界產(chǎn)油量40%的組織對油價(jià)的影響是世界各國

6、無法忽視的。Despite internal contradictions and cornpetition from non-OPEC oil producing countries, the influence on oil prices by OPEC that accounts for 40% of the global oil production is something the world cannot afford to neglect.9、過去十年中，亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織越來越受到人們的關(guān)注。由于中國在其中發(fā)揮了積極的作用，中國人尤其關(guān)注這個組織。Asia-Pacific Eco

7、nomic Co-operation(APEC) has caught more and more attention for the past decade, especially in China since the country is playing an active role it.10、廣闊的地域分布是跨國企業(yè)的一個特點(diǎn)，這使得它在資源和定價(jià)的決策上有很大的選擇范圍，也使它能更方便地利用世界經(jīng)濟(jì)的變化。Wide geographical spread is characteristic of MNEs. It enables them to have a wide range o

8、f options in terms of decision-makings on sourcing and pricing. They are also more able to take advantage of changes in the international economic environment.11、技術(shù)、資本和現(xiàn)成的市場是跨國企業(yè)組織帶給欠發(fā)達(dá)國家的利益?？鐕髽I(yè)被認(rèn)為是促進(jìn)世界和各國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的最有效的工具。Technology, capital and ready markets are sort of benefits MNEs bring to less-deve

9、loped countries. They are considered to be the most effective vehicle for the promoting of global and national economic welfare.12、按照比較學(xué)說的觀點(diǎn)，一國只要出口相對有優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品，而不是有絕對優(yōu)勢的產(chǎn)品，就可以從中受益。According to the comparative advantage, a country can benefit from trade if only it has a comparative advantage, not absolut

10、e advantage, in producing certain product.13、貿(mào)易的比較優(yōu)勢是基于比較優(yōu)勢理論，即各國生產(chǎn)相比較而言效率更高的那種特殊產(chǎn)品。更理想的是，各國集中專門生產(chǎn)它的特殊產(chǎn)品，然后再進(jìn)行相互間的貿(mào)易。The advantage of trade are based on the theory of comparative advantage, where each country produces a particular product more efficiently than another. Ideally, each country focuses

11、re-sources on producing its specialty, and then trades with one an-other.14、總的來說，國際專門化理論尋求回答的是哪些國家將生產(chǎn)什么產(chǎn)品，以及采用什么樣的貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)。To summarize, the theory of international specialization seeks to answer the question which countries will produce what goods, with what trade patterns among them.15、最惠國待遇并不是什么特殊待遇，

12、而只是正常的貿(mào)易地位。受惠國只是享有被征收關(guān)稅表中最低關(guān)稅的待遇。The most-favored nation treatment is not really a special treatment but a normal trading status. The favored country is given the lowest tariffs only within the tariff schedule.16、無形貿(mào)易也被稱作服務(wù)貿(mào)易。在一些發(fā)達(dá)國家，無形貿(mào)易已經(jīng)占據(jù)這些國家的國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的相當(dāng)份額。Invisible trade is also called service tr

13、ade. In some developed countries, the invisible trade has taken quite a large share in their gross domestic production.17、買賣雙方在制定合同時，如果有理解一致的具體規(guī)則可供參照，他們就肯定簡單、可靠地確定各自的責(zé)任。If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure

14、 of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.18、當(dāng)賣方不得不提示可轉(zhuǎn)讓的運(yùn)輸單據(jù)，尤其是出售貨物所常用的提單時，就會產(chǎn)生特殊麻煩。Particular problems arise when the seller has to present a negotiable transport document and notably the bill of lading which is frequently used for the purpose of selling the goods while the

15、y are being carried.19、2000年對國際貿(mào)易術(shù)語解釋通則的修改考慮了無關(guān)稅區(qū)的發(fā)展，商務(wù)活動中電子通訊使用的增加，以及運(yùn)輸方式的變化。The 2000revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the change in transport practices.20、書面談判往往以買方詢盤開始，發(fā)生詢盤是為了了解預(yù)購貨物的有關(guān)信息，包括各種貿(mào)易條件。Written nego

16、tiations often begin with enquires made by the buyers to get information about the goods to be ordered including all the terms of trade.21、雖然多數(shù)合同并不引起糾紛，但合同是依法實(shí)施的，任何一方當(dāng)事人若未能履行合同義務(wù)，可能會受到起訴并被強(qiáng)制作出賠償。It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and

17、 forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.22、雖然易貨貿(mào)易是原始、低效，并且昂貴的貿(mào)易方式，但是發(fā)展中國家巨大的債務(wù)以及世界上大量的商品過剩使其不可避免。Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing business, but the massive debts of developing countries and the worlds oversupply of goods make it

18、inescapable.23、對銷貿(mào)易可幫助有嚴(yán)重債務(wù)的國家繼續(xù)進(jìn)口商品而實(shí)際上向債權(quán)人掩蓋出口收入。Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.24、在國際貿(mào)易中，由于交易當(dāng)事人很難充分了解彼此的財(cái)務(wù)信息和信譽(yù)狀況，很難建立相互信任。In international trade, it is very difficult for th

19、e parties to get adequate information about each others financial standing and credit worthiness, and mutual trust is hard to build.25、如果進(jìn)口國的政局穩(wěn)定，而且又有出口商信任的代理人，出口商就可以采用寄售方式，待貨賣出后再收回貨款。If the importing country has a stable political situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the ex

20、porter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.26、在付款交單的情況下，進(jìn)口商在承兌了出口商所開出的匯票后，便可得到單據(jù)，而付款則要晚于這個時間。In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once the bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment w

21、ill not be made until a later date.27、賣方憑提交的正確無誤的單據(jù)得到貨款，買方憑規(guī)定的單據(jù)得到貨物，這種雙邊保證是信用證獨(dú)特的，具有代表性的特征。Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods. This bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of cr

22、edit.28、受益人要對信用證的所有內(nèi)容進(jìn)行認(rèn)真審核，以便保證安全及時地收到貨款。He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.29、國際貿(mào)易中所使用的信用證多數(shù)為跟單信用證，即要求裝運(yùn)單據(jù)和匯票提示的信用證。Most of the credits used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e. credits that re

23、quire shipping documents to be presented together with the draft. 30、可撤銷信用證是指在未同受益人協(xié)商的情況下對承諾進(jìn)行改變，甚至取消。An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary.31、在保兌信用證中受益人得到雙重付款保證，因?yàn)楸躲y行，在開證行承擔(dān)付款義務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)上又加上自己的承諾。Under a confirmed credit,

24、 the beneficiary is given double assurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.32、各種單證上所列的商品名稱、數(shù)量、金額等項(xiàng)目要嚴(yán)格地與信用證上所列的項(xiàng)目一致。All the items listed on different documents such as the name of commodities, quantity, amount must be in strict conformit

25、y with those in the L/C.33、商業(yè)發(fā)票是所要求的最常見的單證之一。它是繕制其他單證的基礎(chǔ)。Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents. It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.34、提單是國際貿(mào)易中最重要的單證之一。有了它，合法持有者才可以到目的地提貨。Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in f

26、oreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.35、常見的運(yùn)輸方式有水路、鐵路、公路、管道及航空運(yùn)輸。The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.36、運(yùn)輸在生產(chǎn)過程中起著重要的作用。一方面，它將原材料、勞動力運(yùn)到所需的地方。另一方面，將中間產(chǎn)品運(yùn)到其他廠商供生產(chǎn)使用或把制成品運(yùn)到消費(fèi)者手中。Transporta

27、tion plays an important role in production. On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed. On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use in their production process, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.37、保

28、險(xiǎn)單是投保人與承保人之間的保險(xiǎn)契約。一旦投保人購買了保單，其特定風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就從投保人轉(zhuǎn)移到承保人。Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer. Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insurance company from the insured.38、由承保人從投保人處收集的保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)作為共同基金，受損方的索賠費(fèi)從此基金中支付。The premium collec

29、ted by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering losses are paid out of this fund.39、貨物保險(xiǎn)是一種旨在將風(fēng)險(xiǎn)從進(jìn)口商和出口商轉(zhuǎn)移到專門承擔(dān)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的保險(xiǎn)一方的活動。Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placi

30、ng it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.40、最大誠信原則適用于各種保險(xiǎn)，如某人要投保人壽險(xiǎn)，他要如實(shí)告知其身體狀況。Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance. If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he has to tell the insurance company about his real state of health.41、如果投保人有意隱瞞任何事情，或故意誤導(dǎo)，其行

31、為都被視為欺詐，因此保險(xiǎn)合同無效。If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.42、在賠償保險(xiǎn)索賠時，憑借保險(xiǎn)合同，保險(xiǎn)公司將使受損人的利益恢復(fù)到發(fā)生損害前的同等狀況。In compensating claims, insurance company will restore the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a loss occurred.43、

32、第一次民界大戰(zhàn)之前，金本位制建立了固定匯率制，每個國家通過將本國貨幣與黃金掛鉤來確定其貨幣的平價(jià)。Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.44、在特定條件下，提高利率可以吸引國外短期資金，提高一國的外匯匯率。Under specific conditions, high interest rate wil

33、l attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of ones own currency.45、外匯匯率有三種形式，即：買進(jìn)匯率、售出匯率和兩者的平均值中間匯率。There are three type of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selliong rate and the average of the previous twothe medial rate. 46、國際復(fù)興開發(fā)銀行由160個國家政府所共同擁有，其貸款的主

34、要來源是在世界資本市場上的借貸。The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is owned by the governments of 160 countries. It finances its lending operations primarily from its own borrowings in world capital market.47、世界銀行對貸款作了各項(xiàng)規(guī)定。它明確貸款必須以生產(chǎn)力為目的，必須促進(jìn)發(fā)展中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，同時還要具有償還能力。The World Bank has set various

35、 rules for its loaning operation. It specifies that it must lend only for productive purposes and must stimulate economic growth in the developing countries, and at the same time the loan-receiving countries must be able to repay the loan.48、對外直接投資是國際投資的主要方式，一國居民為進(jìn)行監(jiān)控和經(jīng)營通過對外投資獲取各國的資產(chǎn)。Foreign direct

36、investment is the major form of international in-vestment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.49、控制成本是一些企業(yè)進(jìn)行對外投資的主要動機(jī)之一。而降低生產(chǎn)成本是考慮的一個重要方面。Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engag

37、e in FDI. And lowering production costs is an important consideration.50、即時庫存管理系統(tǒng)的引進(jìn)能最大限度地降低庫存從而提高經(jīng)營效率。The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.51、證券所起著兩個重要作用，它既是長期資本的融資市場，又是各類投資債券的交易市場。The Stock Exc

38、hange plays two fundamental roles: one for capital raising market, one for various investment instrument market.52、未上市的公司的股票不能在證交所或其他股票市場公開掛牌交易。The unlisted companies can not trade their securities through the listing system at the stock exchange or other stock markets.53、關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定的總目標(biāo)體現(xiàn)了各成員國的向往，即提高生活水平

39、，提供充分就業(yè)，持續(xù)、穩(wěn)定地增加收入和有效需求，充分利用世界資源擴(kuò)大生產(chǎn)。The GATT embodies the expectations of its member countries, that is ,to improve standards of living, full employment ,steady growing volume of real income and effective demand ,the full use of the worlds resources and the expansion of production.54、烏拉圭回合和世界貿(mào)易組織的建

40、立改變了世界貿(mào)易體系的性質(zhì)。The Uruguay Round and the establishment the WTO have shanged the character of the wold trading system.55、盡管關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定是以無判別待遇為原則的，但欠發(fā)達(dá)國家仍指責(zé)關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定是只考慮發(fā)達(dá)國家利益的“富人俱樂部”。Although the GATT is based on the principle of non-differential treatment, the less-developed countries still criticize it as a “

41、rich men club” for the interest of the developed world.56、采用強(qiáng)制性的自動補(bǔ)償措施被看作解決發(fā)展中國家的貿(mào)易條件惡化問題的一種方案。The introduction of compulsory and automatic compensatory measures is considered as a solution to solve the problem of deteriorating terms of trade in the developing countries.57、為了促進(jìn)欠發(fā)達(dá)國家的工業(yè)化進(jìn)程，西方國家應(yīng)開放他們的

42、制造市場，或提供優(yōu)惠關(guān)稅政策。Western countries should open up their manufacture markets or provide preferential tariffs to facilitate the industrialization process of the less-developed countries.二、英譯漢1、Most companies use salesmen in the domestic market because experience has shown that a good salesman is worth t

43、he price. If it is decided to sell through an agent he should be the companys representative and sales man in the overseas target market and be regarded as an integrate part of the company. The services provided will vary, depending on what has been agreed upon, from the most simple intermediary con

44、tract with buyers to a complete range of marketing service.From the exporters point of view, one advantage of the commercial agent is that the agents commision is usually proportional to the sales he attained. To the principals, this means“no saleno cost”, it is important to keep the agent continuou

45、sly informed of the principals intention.許多企業(yè)在國內(nèi)市場都在利用推銷員進(jìn)行銷售。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，花錢雇一個好的推銷員是值得的。如某一公司決定通過代理商出口，這一代理商應(yīng)該是該公司在國外目標(biāo)市場上的推銷員員，并被視為該公司不可分割的一部分。代理服務(wù)項(xiàng)目各有不同，要以協(xié)議而定，從與買主的聯(lián)駱到整個銷售服務(wù)。對出口商來說，利用代理商服務(wù)的好處在于：代理商的傭金是根據(jù)他的推銷金額按比例支付的，也就是說，“沒有銷售，就沒有費(fèi)用”。委托人要經(jīng)常使代理商明確了解自己的意圖，這一點(diǎn)很重要。 2、Price and pricing policy play an import

46、ant role in all marketing strategy. It is worthwhile for any exporter to pay special attention to pricing before coming to grips with overseas buyers.Overseas purchasers are generally reputed to be professional, knowledgeable and possessing solid information as a basis for their decisions. In most c

47、ases, hey are guided in their business activities by a budget which in turn is based on direct costing. This means that to them the purchase price is but one cost element among sever-al others and that the total cost does not accrue until the goods have been sold to the next customer. It is therefor

48、e irrelevant to the purchasers whether they can lower the price by bargaining or, as an alternative, make the sellers take over part of their other other costs for the product. Such peripheral costs may include special packaging, price marking.價(jià)格和定價(jià)政策在所有銷售策略中起著很重要的作用。出口商在與國外買主接觸之前特別注意定價(jià)問題是值得的。國外買主一般

49、都被視為熟悉專業(yè)，知識面廣，掌握著其決策基礎(chǔ)的確切信息。在大多數(shù)情況下，他們在業(yè)務(wù)活動中都是以預(yù)算作為指導(dǎo)，而預(yù)算又是根據(jù)直接費(fèi)用制訂的。這就是說，對他們來說買價(jià)只不過是諸多成本因素中的一個因素，直到貨物售予下一個客戶之前，總的費(fèi)用不能增加。因此，是通過討價(jià)還價(jià)降低價(jià)格，還是作為替代辦法，讓賣主承擔(dān)產(chǎn)品的其他部分費(fèi)用，對買主來說都沒有多大關(guān)系。這樣的邊緣費(fèi)用可能有特殊包裝、價(jià)格標(biāo)簽，其他標(biāo)志等。3、The relationship between a sales person and a client is important: both parties want to feel satisf

50、ied with their deal and neither wants to feel cheated. A friendly, respectful relationship is more effective than an aggressive, competitive one.A sales person should believe that his product has certain ad-vantage over the competition. A customer wants to be sure that he is buying a product that is

51、 good value and of high quality. No one in business is going to spend his companys money on something they dont really need(unlike consumers, who can sometimes be persuaded to by“useless” products like fur coats and solid gold watches!)銷售人員和客戶之間關(guān)系是很重要的，雙方都希望能對他們的買賣感到滿意，并且沒有一方希望感到被欺騙。一種友好的、相互尊重的關(guān)系要比一

52、種攻擊性和競爭性的關(guān)系更有效。一個銷售人員應(yīng)當(dāng)相信他的產(chǎn)品在競爭能力中具有某種優(yōu)勢。一個顧客則需要相信他要買的東西是有好的價(jià)值和高品質(zhì)的。在生意中，沒有一個人會將他公司的錢花在他們并不真正需要的東西上。（不像顧客，他們有時會被說服而購買一些毛皮大衣和包金手表這樣的“無用”產(chǎn)品?。?、In the postwar period MNCs have acquired a global pres-ence. As one statistic indicates, for most of the postwar period stocks and flows of FDI have grown fas

53、ter than world income, and sometimes trade, particularly during the 1960s and since the mid-1980s. Stock measures in particular are subject to margins of error because of the difficulties with estimating their growth. Even so, it is indisputable that multinationals have become major players in the w

54、orld economy: apart from the 1970s and early 1980s, the turnover of the largest 500 companies has grown faster than world output. MNCs now account for the majority of the worlds exports, while sales of foreign affiliates exceed total global exports. Furthermore, as MNCs have grown ,there has been a

55、significant Tran nationalization of production expressed in the emergence of global production and distribution networks.在戰(zhàn)后，多國公司獲得了全球性的發(fā)展。正如一項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)所顯示的，在戰(zhàn)后相當(dāng)?shù)囊欢螘r間內(nèi)，特別是在60年代至80年代中期，證券和外國直接投資數(shù)量按世界收入增長要快，有時甚至要快于貿(mào)易增長的數(shù)量。但需指出的是，因?yàn)樵谟?jì)算證券投資增長量存在困難，它的數(shù)字會存在誤差。盡管如此，毋庸置疑，多國公司已經(jīng)成為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)中的主要玩家。若拋開70年代和80年代早期的話，500家大公司的產(chǎn)值增長速度遠(yuǎn)超過世界的總產(chǎn)值增長速度。多國公司目前的出口占據(jù)了世界出口的大多數(shù)，其在海外的分支機(jī)構(gòu)的銷售額超過了世界出口總額。而且，隨著多國公司的壯大，已經(jīng)形成了一個全球性的生產(chǎn)和分銷網(wǎng)絡(luò)生產(chǎn)多國化的明顯趨勢。5、Ec