非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)I stopped the car to take a short break as I was feeling tired.(2013·山東高考)由于感到累了，我就停下車稍微休息了一下。George returned after the war, only to be told that his wife had left him.(2012·山東高考)喬治戰(zhàn)后歸來(lái)，卻被告知他的妻子已經(jīng)離他而去。You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday.你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道昨

2、天看到她時(shí)，我是多么高興。This machine is very easy to operate. Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.(2012·遼寧高考)這臺(tái)機(jī)器很容易操作。在幾分鐘內(nèi)任何人都能學(xué)會(huì)使用。(1)動(dòng)詞不定式可以用作目的狀語(yǔ)。注意其他非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式不能用作目的狀語(yǔ)。(2)only to do sth.為不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果。(3)形容詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)詞有：happy, lucky, glad, sorry, anxious, proud, disappointe

3、d, angry, surprised, ready, delighted, clever, foolish, pleased, fortunate, right等。(4)在“主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)(形容詞)to do”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy, hard, difficult, important, impossible, interesting, pleasant, nice, comfortable, safe, dangerous等。2分詞作狀語(yǔ)One evening Harry phoned me, asking me to come to hi

4、s flat as soon as possible.(2014·濟(jì)南模擬)一天晚上哈里給我打電話，要求我盡快去他家。Having arrived early for his date, Mark spent time reading the newspaper.(2014·濟(jì)寧一模)因?yàn)榧s會(huì)到的早了些，馬克讀報(bào)紙來(lái)打發(fā)時(shí)間。Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.(2012·重慶高考)我那天晚上因?yàn)楸灰蠹影喽e(cuò)過(guò)了一場(chǎng)精彩的電影。Seen from t

5、he top of the mountain, the city is very beautiful.從山頂上看，這座城市很漂亮。Seeing from the top of the hill, we find the park even more beautiful.從山頂上看，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)這個(gè)公園顯得更加美麗。(1)作狀語(yǔ)的分詞要求其邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致。(2)如句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，就用現(xiàn)在分詞形式(doing)。(3)若現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，則用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式(having doing)。(4)若與句中主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，且先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)

6、生，用現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)形式(having been done)。(5)如句子的主語(yǔ)是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者，則要用過(guò)去分詞(done)。3獨(dú)立成分作狀語(yǔ)Judging from his accent, he is from Hong Kong.從口音判斷，他是香港人。Considering your health, you'd better have a rest.考慮到你的健康，你最好休息一下。有些分詞或不定式短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)，其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響，稱作獨(dú)立成分。常見(jiàn)的有：generally speaking一般來(lái)說(shuō)frankly speaking 坦白地說(shuō)judging from/

7、by . 根據(jù)來(lái)判斷considering ./taking . into consideration 考慮到to tell you the truth 說(shuō)實(shí)話seeing . 鑒于/由于supposing 假設(shè)，如果assuming 假使given 考慮到，鑒于provided (that .) 如果二、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)She pretended not to see me when I passed by.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過(guò)時(shí)，她假裝沒(méi)看見(jiàn)我。He got well­prepared for the job interview, for he couldn't risk losin

8、g the good opportunity.他為這次工作面試做了充分準(zhǔn)備，因?yàn)樗荒苊笆ミ@次好機(jī)會(huì)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。I had great difficulty finding the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant.(2010·上海高考)在那個(gè)餐館，我很難從菜單上找到合適的食物。I still remember being taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.我仍記得別人帶我去過(guò)法門(mén)寺，并記得在那里所看到的一切。I remembered to lock the door b

9、efore I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.(2012·安徽高考)在離開(kāi)辦公室前我記著去鎖門(mén)，但是忘記了關(guān)燈。1下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝。主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫。decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, help。此外，afford, striv

10、e, happen, wait, threaten等也要用不定式作賓語(yǔ)。2下列動(dòng)詞或詞組只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想。避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞。禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡。consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy (想象，設(shè)想); avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; ca

11、n't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape。3be used/accustomed to, lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, can't stand (無(wú)法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, thank . for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty/trouble (in), have a good/wonder

12、ful/hard time (in), spend time (in)等短語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞詞組后也要用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。4下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以跟不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別，要特別注意：forgetregrettrygo onremembermean三、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)I looked up and noticed a snake winding its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.(2012·四川高考)我抬頭看，注意到一條蛇正沿樹(shù)蜿蜒而上，捕捉它的早餐。I was surprised to find my hometown

13、 changed so much.發(fā)現(xiàn)我的家鄉(xiāng)變化如此之大我感到很驚奇。Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them.(2013·陜西高考)讓那些需要(幫助)的人明白我們會(huì)盡全力去幫他們。Claire had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.(2011·陜西高考)克萊兒在飛機(jī)起飛一小時(shí)前對(duì)行李進(jìn)行了安檢。He had the light burning all night, which made his parents v

14、ery angry.他讓燈著了整晚，這使他父母很生氣。Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles.(2010·遼寧高考)亞歷山大試圖使他的工作被醫(yī)學(xué)界認(rèn)可。1感官動(dòng)詞(詞組)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有四種形式，以see為例：2使役動(dòng)詞make, let, have, get后加復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的情況：(1)make賓語(yǔ)(2)let賓語(yǔ)(3)have賓語(yǔ)點(diǎn)津have sth. to do有事情要做hav

15、e sb. doing若用于否定句中，其中have有“容忍”之意。(4)get賓語(yǔ)四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.(2013·遼寧高考)勞拉去巴黎待了一周多的時(shí)間。當(dāng)她返回家的時(shí)候，有一大堆郵件等著她(處理)。Tsinghua University, founded in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.(2011

16、83;福建高考)建于1911年的清華大學(xué)是無(wú)數(shù)杰出人物的搖籃。His first book to be published next month is based on a true story.他下月將要出版的第一本書(shū)是以一個(gè)真實(shí)的故事為依據(jù)寫(xiě)的。1現(xiàn)在分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與所修飾的名詞之間存在著邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行。2過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作定語(yǔ)與它所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示該動(dòng)作的被動(dòng)和完成。點(diǎn)津表示心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞­ing形式，意為“令人的”；動(dòng)詞­ed形式，意為“(人)感到的”，也可修飾體現(xiàn)內(nèi)心感受的look, expression, tear

17、s, smile, voice等名詞。3不定式作定語(yǔ)表示未做的事情。五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.(2013·浙江高考)聆聽(tīng)別人對(duì)你剛才所讀的書(shū)的反應(yīng)會(huì)增加額外的樂(lè)趣。It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水難收。(動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，it作形式主語(yǔ))To see is to believe/Seeing is believing.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。His ambition is to go to H

18、arvard University.他的夢(mèng)想就是上哈佛大學(xué)。The queen's work is laying eggs.蟻后的工作就是產(chǎn)卵。1不定式、動(dòng)名詞都可作主語(yǔ)，但動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)多指抽象的、概念性的動(dòng)作，可以是多次的、經(jīng)常的行為；不定式多表示具體的動(dòng)作，尤其是某一次的動(dòng)作。2下列句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：It is/wasdoing sth.3不定式作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。4動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)或特征。六、with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work fini

19、shed, he gladly accepted it.約翰收到一份宴請(qǐng)函而且他的工作也干完了，他就欣然接受了邀請(qǐng)。With a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly elected president is having a hard time.因?yàn)橛泻芏嚯y題要解決，這位新任總統(tǒng)的日子不好過(guò)。With the little boy leading the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.有小男孩帶路，我們找到這個(gè)村莊沒(méi)費(fèi)勁。with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)常用形式：with七、獨(dú)立主格Such

20、 an able man to help you, you will surely succeed sooner or later.有這么能干的人來(lái)幫你，你遲早會(huì)成功的。The guide leading the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.向?qū)ьI(lǐng)著路，我們毫不費(fèi)勁地走出了森林。Jim was listening attentively to the lecture, all his attention fixed upon it.吉姆專心致志地聽(tīng)著講座，所有注意力都集中在上面了。He came out of the lib

21、rary, (with)a large book under his arm.他夾著本厚書(shū)，走出了圖書(shū)館。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式：名詞或代詞點(diǎn)津獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)從語(yǔ)法上來(lái)講不是句子，在句中通常作狀語(yǔ)。具有以下特點(diǎn)：1獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不同，不指同一個(gè)人或同一事物；2獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般置于句首，有時(shí)也置于句中或句末?？键c(diǎn)一 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)1(2013·四川高考)_ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.ANot knowingBKnowing notCNot known DKnow

22、n not解析：選A句意：由于不知道上哪所大學(xué)，那個(gè)女孩向她的老師征求意見(jiàn)。分析句子成分可知，the girl與know之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作原因狀語(yǔ)，且分詞的否定式是在分詞前加not。2(2013·湖南高考)_ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.AStaying BStayedCTo stay DStay解析：選C句意：為了晚上保暖，我往火爐中添了木柴，又設(shè)置了午夜的鬧鐘以便再次添加。此處“保暖”是

23、“添加木柴”的目的，所以用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。3(2013·安徽高考)_ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children's love of art.ATo found BFounding CFounded DHaving founded解析：選C句意：這所學(xué)校創(chuàng)建于20世紀(jì)初期，它一直激勵(lì)著孩子們對(duì)于藝術(shù)的熱愛(ài)。found與the school之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。故選C?？键c(diǎn)二 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作定語(yǔ)4(2013·北京高考)Volunteering gives you

24、 a chance _ lives, including your own.Achange BchangingCchanged Dto change解析：選D句意：志愿者活動(dòng)給了你一個(gè)改變?nèi)松臋C(jī)會(huì)，包括你自己的。a chance to do sth.“做某事的機(jī)會(huì)”。英語(yǔ)中有些名詞，如chance, ability, way等，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。5(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)They might just have a place _ on the writing course why don't you give it a try?Aleave BleftCleaving

25、Dto leave解析：選B句意：他們可能只剩下一個(gè)寫(xiě)作課的名額了。你為什么不試試呢？leave與其邏輯主語(yǔ)a place之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此此處要用leave的過(guò)去分詞left作后置定語(yǔ)。6(2013·山東高考)The room is empty except for a bookshelf _ in one corner.Astanding Bto standCstands Dstood解析：選A句意：除了一個(gè)書(shū)櫥在墻角外，房間里空空蕩蕩。except for是介詞短語(yǔ)，其后不能接句子，所以排除C、D兩項(xiàng)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為非謂語(yǔ)，且a bookshelf與動(dòng)詞stand之

26、間為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以選A。考點(diǎn)三 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)7(2013·江蘇高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins, the city took on a new look.Areducing BreducedCbeing reduced Dhaving reduced解析：選C分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處與suffering from是and連接的兩個(gè)并列成分，在形式上應(yīng)保持一致，又因reduce與the city之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此選being reduced?？键c(diǎn)四 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主

27、語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)8(2013·福建高考)_basic first­aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.AKnown BHaving knownCKnowing DBeing known解析：選C句意：了解基本的急救技巧能夠幫助你快速應(yīng)對(duì)緊急情況。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞­ing形式。having known強(qiáng)調(diào)“完成”，不符合句意，可排除。故選C。9(2013·重慶高考)The engine just won't start.Something se

28、ems _ wrong with it.Ato go Bto have goneCgoing Dhaving gone解析：選B句意：發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)啟動(dòng)不了了，它好像出問(wèn)題了。動(dòng)詞seem后常接動(dòng)詞不定式，因此C、D兩項(xiàng)不正確。由句意可知，go這一動(dòng)作在start之前發(fā)生，故選B。考點(diǎn)五 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)10(2013·北京高考)When we saw the road _ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.Ablock Bto blockCblocking Dblocked解析：選D句意：當(dāng)我們看到道路被雪封住后，我們決定

29、在家過(guò)假期。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是“see賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)。賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是do形式時(shí)，表示“看見(jiàn)賓語(yǔ)做某事的全過(guò)程”；賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)是doing形式時(shí)，表示“看見(jiàn)賓語(yǔ)正在做某事”；若賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，則用過(guò)去分詞done形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。road與block之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故選D。解題技法指導(dǎo)第一步：利用“有無(wú)連詞”原則確定是謂語(yǔ)還是非謂語(yǔ)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷出句子的主干主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)。如果題線處作謂語(yǔ)，則要用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，如果題線處不作謂語(yǔ)，則要用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。典例(2013·湖南高考)Every day _ a proverb aloud several times until

30、you have it memorized.Aread BreadingCto read Dreads分析選A分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，題干中有連詞until，until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，故“_ a proverb aloud several times”為主句，此處應(yīng)為祈使句，故應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形。本題應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。第二步：根據(jù)句意和作用確定句子成分根據(jù)句意和題線處在句子中的位置和作用，確定其所充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞?，從而確定空格內(nèi)所需填入的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。典例(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)The sunlight is white and blinding, _ hard­edged shadow

31、s on the ground.Athrowing Bbeing thrownCto throw Dto be thrown分析根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，題線處應(yīng)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)，且the sunlight與throw之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞。答案應(yīng)為A項(xiàng)。第三步：根據(jù)與邏輯主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系確定語(yǔ)態(tài)如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系則用v.­ing形式或不定式的主動(dòng)式；若為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系則用v.­ing形式的被動(dòng)式、不定式的被動(dòng)式或過(guò)去分詞。典例(2013·湖南高考)You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it i

32、s based on facts.Aoffering Bto offerChaving offered Doffered分析offer與邏輯主語(yǔ)an opinion之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，A、B、C三項(xiàng)都表示主動(dòng)，D項(xiàng)為過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)， 故選D項(xiàng)。第四步：根據(jù)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的先后關(guān)系確定時(shí)態(tài)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之前用過(guò)去分詞或v.­ing形式/不定式的完成式；如果同時(shí)進(jìn)行用v.­ing形式或不定式的進(jìn)行式；如果非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作之后用不定式的一般式。典例(2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)I got to the office ear

33、lier that day, _ the 7：30 train from Paddington.Acaught Bto have caughtCto catch Dhaving caught分析由句意可知catch the 7：30 train這一動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞got to the office之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在寫(xiě)作中的運(yùn)用眾所周知，作文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)多的簡(jiǎn)單句會(huì)讓人覺(jué)得單調(diào)乏味，句子與句子之間的關(guān)系顯得松散；而文章中過(guò)多地出現(xiàn)復(fù)合句又顯得累贅，讀起來(lái)費(fèi)勁。恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單句和復(fù)合句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，不僅句型多樣，句子活潑，而且讀起來(lái)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，言簡(jiǎn)意明。一、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

34、轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句寫(xiě)作時(shí)，我們可以利用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞對(duì)兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換，使其成為較高級(jí)的表達(dá)方式。轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)可采用三步法。示例第一步：寫(xiě)出兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。I feel quite sorry for that. I begin to think about what to do to help. 第二步：讓句作主句，用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞改寫(xiě)句。第三步：句表示原因，其動(dòng)詞feel與主語(yǔ)I之間為主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作原因狀語(yǔ)。Feeling quite sorry for that, I begin to think about what to do to help.(2013·陜西高考滿分作文)其他幾個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)

35、換的例子如下：1另一方面，我將幫著建立英語(yǔ)角，提供給我們學(xué)生一個(gè)練習(xí)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)的平臺(tái)。On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner. I will provide us students a platform to practice our oral English.On the other hand, I will help set up the English corner, providing us students a platform to practice our oral English.(2013·天津

36、高考滿分作文)(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))2這兒的人都喜歡湯姆寫(xiě)的那本小說(shuō)。All the people here like the novel. It is written by Tom.All the people here like the novel written by Tom.(過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ))3我們應(yīng)該多講英語(yǔ)。我們認(rèn)為這是很重要的。We should speak more English. We think it is very important.We think it very important to speak more English.(it作形式賓語(yǔ)，不定式作真正賓語(yǔ))即時(shí)演

37、練運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句1We were touched by the teacher's words. We decided to work hard.(用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ))_ 2I didn't receive her letter. I had to write again.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))_ 3The boy came to school late again. This made the teacher very angry.(用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ))_ 4The boys were making the most of time. They wanted to fini

38、sh the work earlier.(用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))_ 5I saw an old granny. She lay on the ground. I went over to help her.(用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))_ 二、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句比轉(zhuǎn)換簡(jiǎn)單句要容易一些，因?yàn)樾柁D(zhuǎn)換的一般是從句部分，這時(shí)只需要判斷用何種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，再把握好時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)即可，所以只需兩步。示例第一步：寫(xiě)出復(fù)合句。After we had practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to

39、be the winner. 第二步：把a(bǔ)fter引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，practice與we之間為主謂關(guān)系，且表示完成，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)作狀語(yǔ)。Having practiced playing basketball for almost two months, we strongly desired to be the winner.(2013·湖南高考滿分作文)其他幾個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)換的例子如下：1驚詫于他們的熟練程度，我決心要像他們一樣好。Because I was amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be

40、just as good.Amazed at how skillful they were, I determined to be just as good.(2013·浙江高考滿分作文)(過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ))2看到一輛車朝她而來(lái)，我伸出手把她拉了回來(lái)。When I saw a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back. Seeing a car running towards her, I reached my hand out and pulled her back.(2013·安徽

41、高考滿分作文)(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ))3這里曾有一家化肥廠，位于城市的南邊。它每天釋放出大量有毒氣體，污染環(huán)境。There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, which polluted the environment.There was a large factory, which produced fertilizer. Every day it gave out a lot of poisonous gas, polluting the en

42、vironment.簡(jiǎn)析：“原句”中分別由which引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，重復(fù)且單調(diào)，將第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句轉(zhuǎn)換為現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)后，不僅表達(dá)多樣，而且言簡(jiǎn)意明。4由于老師的幫助，我的英語(yǔ)進(jìn)步很大。因?yàn)槲业挠⒄Z(yǔ)進(jìn)步很大，我確信我能考上更好的大學(xué)。Because my teacher helps me, my English has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.With my teacher helping me, my E

43、nglish has greatly improved. Because my English has greatly improved, I'm sure I will go to a better university.簡(jiǎn)析：“原句”兩處重復(fù)出現(xiàn)由because引導(dǎo)的從句，讀起來(lái)很別扭。換用“with現(xiàn)在分詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)”后，讀起來(lái)給人的感覺(jué)大不一樣。即時(shí)演練運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換復(fù)合句1As soon as they saw a few people still in the burning house, they rushed into it to save them without

44、 hesitation._ they rushed into it to save them without hesitation.2We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language and we also think that it is possible that they can master one.We think it is necessary that middle school students should learn a foreign language

45、and we also think 3I took part in the meeting, which was held in Beijing last Friday. It was very instructive, which was hosted by a manager who came to our company yesterday.I took part in the meeting _last Friday. It was very instructive, which was hosted by a manager_yesterday.4Mother went to wor

46、k in a hurry, and she didn't have breakfast. She was as busy as a bee these days and came back home very late.Mother went to work in a hurry_. She was as busy as a bee these days, _.三、運(yùn)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換短文(根據(jù)一般表達(dá)寫(xiě)出該短文的高級(jí)表達(dá))北京市有大量的出租車司機(jī)，他們每天全心全意地為乘客服務(wù)，對(duì)北京市的交通發(fā)揮著重要作用。他們起早貪黑，賺錢(qián)養(yǎng)家糊口。有一次，我下車時(shí)不小心把手機(jī)忘在了車上，但當(dāng)我和司機(jī)

47、同志聯(lián)系上之后，他立即開(kāi)車把手機(jī)送到了我的家門(mén)口，讓我感動(dòng)不已。一般表達(dá)：There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing. They serve passengers heart and soul. They play an important part in the traffic of Beijing.They make some money. They work from dawn till night. One day, I left my cellphone in the taxi I took. I got in touch with the driver. He drove to my home and gave it back to me. I was very excited.高級(jí)表達(dá)：There are a large number of taxi drivers in Beijing, serving passengers heart an