綜合英語2Unit4Reading1(2)

1、A New English CourseBook Unit 4DreamsDaydreamingPara. 3-41. Whats daydreaming?2. What sort of people show particular interest in daydream research?3. When is one most likely to daydream?4. How does daydreaming affect us positively?1. Whats daydreaming?Daydreaming is a kind of wishful thinking that o

2、ccurs when inner needs cannot be expressed in actual behaviour.2. What sort of people show particular interest in daydream research?Psychologists show particular interest in daydream research.3.When is one most likely to daydream?One is most likely to daydream when the world outside does not meet hi

3、s needs, or when he is motivated to do something but cannot realize his goals.4. How does daydreaming affect us positively?Daydreaming can build cognitive and creative skills and can help people get through difficult situations.psychologists (line 11) Note 16The prefix “psycho-” relates to the mind

4、and mental process. psycho- 表示表示“靈魂靈魂”，“精神精神”，“心理心理”psychological adj. 心理學(xué)的心理學(xué)的psychologically adv. 心理上地心理上地psychoanalysis n. 精神分析精神分析psychoanalyst n. 精神（心理）分析學(xué)家精神（心理）分析學(xué)家psychotherapy n. 心理療法心理療法psychobiology n.精神生物學(xué)精神生物學(xué)claim (line 12)v. 聲稱，斷言；索取，認領(lǐng)聲稱，斷言；索取，認領(lǐng)He claimed that he had done the work w

5、ithout help.他聲稱沒有得到幫助而完成了這項工作。他聲稱沒有得到幫助而完成了這項工作。Does anyone claim this umbrella?有沒有人認領(lǐng)這把傘？有沒有人認領(lǐng)這把傘？motivate (line 13)vt. 使有動機，促動，激發(fā)使有動機，促動，激發(fā)How do you motivate people to work hard and efficiently?你是怎樣激勵大家奮發(fā)高效地工作的？你是怎樣激勵大家奮發(fā)高效地工作的？motivation n. 動機；動力動機；動力Your motivation for doing something is what

6、causes you to want to do it.Para. 3 一些心理學(xué)家相信白日夢是一種癡心妄想，一些心理學(xué)家相信白日夢是一種癡心妄想，當內(nèi)心的需求無法通過實際行動來表達的當內(nèi)心的需求無法通過實際行動來表達的時候就發(fā)生了。他們宣稱當外部世界無法時候就發(fā)生了。他們宣稱當外部世界無法滿足我們的需求，或當我們主動去做一些滿足我們的需求，或當我們主動去做一些什么卻無法實現(xiàn)目標時，我們就會做白日什么卻無法實現(xiàn)目標時，我們就會做白日夢夢by contrast (line 15) 相比之下；與之相反相比之下；與之相反By contrast, Mary is more diligent than

7、Tom.相比之下，瑪麗比湯姆勤奮得多。相比之下，瑪麗比湯姆勤奮得多。n. 對比，對照；差異對比，對照；差異the contrast between town and country城鄉(xiāng)差別城鄉(xiāng)差別v. 對比；形成對照對比；形成對照 She contrasted the situation then with the present crisis.她將當時的情況和目前的危機進行對比。她將當時的情況和目前的危機進行對比。stress (line 15)n. 重音；重音； 強調(diào)；強調(diào)； 壓力壓力Give stress to the 2nd syllable.重讀第二音節(jié)。重讀第二音節(jié)。Worry o

8、ver his job put him under a great stress.憂慮自己的工作使他陷于過分的緊張中。憂慮自己的工作使他陷于過分的緊張中。stress vt. 強調(diào)強調(diào), 重讀重讀They also stress the need for improved employment opportunities, better transport and health care.他們同時也強調(diào)需要增加就業(yè)機會，改善交通和他們同時也強調(diào)需要增加就業(yè)機會，改善交通和醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)。Sit down, she replied, stressing each word. “坐下，

9、坐下，”她一字一頓地說道。她一字一頓地說道。stressful adj. 有壓力的有壓力的a tiring and stressful job 一份辛苦緊張的工作一份辛苦緊張的工作get though (line 17)I think you can get through the first two chapters. 我想你能完成前兩章。我想你能完成前兩章。get through difficult situations走出困境走出困境I cant get through to this number.這個電話我打不通。這個電話我打不通。Did you have to get throug

10、h an entrance examination? 你必須要通過入學(xué)考試嗎？你必須要通過入學(xué)考試嗎？1. 完成（任務(wù)）完成（任務(wù)）I think you can get through the first two chapters. 我想你能完成前兩章。我想你能完成前兩章。2. 度過，熬過（困難或不快的時期）度過，熬過（困難或不快的時期）get through difficult situations 走出困境走出困境3. 用電話聯(lián)系上用電話聯(lián)系上 I cant get through to this number.這個電話我打不通。這個電話我打不通。4. 通過通過(考試考試)；及格；及格

11、Did you have to get through an entrance examination? 你必須要通過入學(xué)考試嗎？你必須要通過入學(xué)考試嗎？relief (line 19) n. 寬慰，安心寬慰，安心I breathed a sigh of relief.我如釋重負地松了口氣。我如釋重負地松了口氣。n. (疼痛或苦痛的疼痛或苦痛的)解除，免除，減輕，緩解解除，免除，減輕，緩解 This brought considerable relief from the pain. 這相當大地緩解了疼痛。這相當大地緩解了疼痛。relieve vt. 解除；緩解解除；緩解We were rel

12、ieved to hear that she was out of danger.聽說她脫險了聽說她脫險了, 我們的心才放下來。我們的心才放下來。Para. 4 相反，另外一些心理學(xué)家強調(diào)了白日夢和相反，另外一些心理學(xué)家強調(diào)了白日夢和幻想的積極價值。其中一位提出做白日夢幻想的積極價值。其中一位提出做白日夢可以建立認識與創(chuàng)造技能，幫助人們走出可以建立認識與創(chuàng)造技能，幫助人們走出困境。他們指出做白日夢幫助了戰(zhàn)俘從折困境。他們指出做白日夢幫助了戰(zhàn)俘從折磨和囚禁中生存下來。她的觀點啟示白日磨和囚禁中生存下來。她的觀點啟示白日夢和幻想可以是建設(shè)性的，提供了一種舒夢和幻想可以是建設(shè)性的，提供了一種舒緩日常

13、現(xiàn)實緩日常現(xiàn)實(通常是不愉快的通常是不愉快的)的方法，同時的方法，同時也是一種減輕內(nèi)心緊張和外部挑釁的方式。也是一種減輕內(nèi)心緊張和外部挑釁的方式。Para. 5-61. How is daydreaming related to personality type?Three daydream patterns have been identified and they are closely linked to personality type.2. Do most daydreamers have personality problems?No, most daydreamers have

14、no personality problems.3. Which pattern of daydreaming fits the majority of people?The third pattern of daydreaming, which involves a range of positive and accepting feelings, fits the majority of people.vary (line 23) vi. 變化變化, 呈現(xiàn)不同呈現(xiàn)不同The text varies from the earlier versions. 這一文本與較早的版本有些不同。這一文本

15、與較早的版本有些不同。Opinions on this point vary.對這一點看法各異。對這一點看法各異。various adj. 各種不同的各種不同的, 各種各樣的各種各樣的variation n.變化變化, 變動變動(的程度的程度)variety n.品種品種, 種類種類Para. 5盡管心理學(xué)家在白日夢對個體的價值方面盡管心理學(xué)家在白日夢對個體的價值方面并未達成一致，然而對于它們的發(fā)生頻率并未達成一致，然而對于它們的發(fā)生頻率卻幾乎沒有分歧。大多數(shù)人每天做白日夢，卻幾乎沒有分歧。大多數(shù)人每天做白日夢，特別是在就寢時間。有趣的是，常常做白特別是在就寢時間。有趣的是，常常做白日夢的人報

16、告說每次白日夢的內(nèi)容都大相日夢的人報告說每次白日夢的內(nèi)容都大相徑庭。徑庭。unique (line 25)adj. 唯一的，僅有的；獨一無二的，獨特的唯一的，僅有的；獨一無二的，獨特的Each persons signature is unique.每個人的簽名都是獨一無二的。每個人的簽名都是獨一無二的。The tranquil beauty of the village scenery is unique.這鄉(xiāng)村景色的寧靜是絕無僅有的。這鄉(xiāng)村景色的寧靜是絕無僅有的。characterize (line 27)v. 描述（人或物）的特性；具有描述（人或物）的特性；具有的特征的特征The fir

17、st pattern of daydreams is characterized by considerable mind wandering and short-lived rather than extensive daydreams. 第一種類型的白日夢特點是一閃即逝、天馬第一種類型的白日夢特點是一閃即逝、天馬行空的神游，不會持續(xù)很長時間。行空的神游，不會持續(xù)很長時間。characteristicn. 特性，特征，特色特性，特征，特色The characteristics of a person or thing are the qualities or features that be

18、long to them and make them recognizable.Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. 基因決定每個生物的特征?；驔Q定每個生物的特征。character n. 1. 性格，品質(zhì)性格，品質(zhì)He has a changeable character.他性格多變。他性格多變。2. (小說、戲劇中的小說、戲劇中的)人物人物, 角色角色the characters in Charles Dickens novels狄更斯小說中的人物狄更斯小說中的人物3. 文字；字符文字；字符Chinese c

19、haracter漢字漢字brood (line 33)v. 孵蛋；沉思；焦急地考慮孵蛋；沉思；焦急地考慮She constantly broods about her family. 她一直為她的家人擔(dān)憂。她一直為她的家人擔(dān)憂。It is time for hens to brood.該是母雞孵蛋的時候了。該是母雞孵蛋的時候了。riddle (line 33)n. 謎謎;謎語謎語 A riddle is a puzzle or joke in which you ask a question that seems to be nonsense but which has a clever or

20、 amusing answer. Lets have fun: English riddles1.It is so weak that little wind can move it. It is so strong that you cut it with a knife and leave no trace. 2. The more you take, the more you leave behind. 3. There is a green round house. Inside the green round house is a smaller white house. In th

21、e white house is a red house. And living in the red house are lots of little black babies. 4. Why did the little boy throw the butter out of the window?It is so weak that little wind can move it. It is so strong that you cut it with a knife and leave no trace. What is it? Water.The more you take, th

22、e more you leave behind. What is it? Footprint.There is a green round house. Inside the green round house is a smaller white house. In the white house is a red house. And living in the red house are lots of little black babies. What it is? Watermelon.Why did the little boy throw the butter out of th

23、e window?To see the butterfly.riddle (line 33)n. 謎謎;謎語謎語 v. （用子彈）把（用子彈）把打得到處是洞，使?jié)M是彈孔打得到處是洞，使?jié)M是彈孔 The darkness saved me from being riddled with bullets. 處黑暗中讓我不至于被子彈打得渾身是洞。處黑暗中讓我不至于被子彈打得渾身是洞。be riddled with self-doubt：be full of self-doubt; be completely lacking in belief in oneself and in ones abili

24、ties易陷入自我懷疑之中易陷入自我懷疑之中self-doubt (line 33)n. 缺少自信，自我疑惑缺少自信，自我疑惑Self-doubt is a lack of confidence in yourself and your abilities. category (line 37)n. 類型，部門，種類，類別，類型，部門，種類，類別，They fall into different categories. 他們屬于不同的類別。他們屬于不同的類別。There are different categories of books in a library. 圖書館里有各種不同種類的書籍

25、。圖書館里有各種不同種類的書籍。Para. 6雖然每個白日夢的特定內(nèi)容與每個人一樣是雖然每個白日夢的特定內(nèi)容與每個人一樣是惟一的，但是有三種白日夢的類型被確認了。惟一的，但是有三種白日夢的類型被確認了。這些類型與人格類型緊密相關(guān)。第一種類型這些類型與人格類型緊密相關(guān)。第一種類型的白日夢特點是一閃即逝、天馬行空的神游，的白日夢特點是一閃即逝、天馬行空的神游，不會持續(xù)很長時間。這些白日夢往往是不愉不會持續(xù)很長時間。這些白日夢往往是不愉快和可怕的。那些做這種類型白日夢的人每快和可怕的。那些做這種類型白日夢的人每天很多時候都神思恍惚，但盡管如此，他們天很多時候都神思恍惚，但盡管如此，他們對自己做的白日

26、夢的內(nèi)容并沒有一個清晰的對自己做的白日夢的內(nèi)容并沒有一個清晰的認識。他們也很難將注意力集中于任何一件認識。他們也很難將注意力集中于任何一件特定的事物上。特定的事物上。Para. 6第二種白日夢的類型也與不愉快的情感有關(guān)，第二種白日夢的類型也與不愉快的情感有關(guān)，例如自我懷疑、負罪感、恐懼失敗、生氣或例如自我懷疑、負罪感、恐懼失敗、生氣或?qū)λ藨延袛骋?。那些連續(xù)不斷經(jīng)歷此類白對他人懷有敵意。那些連續(xù)不斷經(jīng)歷此類白日夢的人易焦慮，易陷入自我懷疑之中。第日夢的人易焦慮，易陷入自我懷疑之中。第三種被確認的白日夢類型涉及一系列正面和三種被確認的白日夢類型涉及一系列正面和接納性的情感。做此類白日夢的人關(guān)注于

27、為接納性的情感。做此類白日夢的人關(guān)注于為將來作計劃和他們?nèi)穗H關(guān)系的細節(jié)。他們看將來作計劃和他們?nèi)穗H關(guān)系的細節(jié)。他們看起來沒有嚴重的情感問題，而是以一種建設(shè)起來沒有嚴重的情感問題，而是以一種建設(shè)性的方式做白日夢。對于大多數(shù)人而言，他性的方式做白日夢。對于大多數(shù)人而言，他們做的大多數(shù)白日夢屬于這一類。們做的大多數(shù)白日夢屬于這一類。Letter Writing Ending and Complimentary CloseA. Ending The ending of a letter varies with different intentions.Try to match the intentio

28、ns listed in Column A with the letter endings listed in Column B. 新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊Unit 4 DreamBa. I hope this will not greatly inconvenience you.b. I look forward to seeing you soon.c. I wish you every success.d. I hope youll get well soon.e. I wish you every happiness on the coming some

29、thing trip.f. Please remember me to your mother.g. I hope you wont mind my not going.h. Ill be waiting anxiously for an early reply.A 1. expressing wishes for a quick recovery2. expressing good wishes 3. expressing desire to see the addressee 4. apologetic for asking a favour Try to match the intent

30、ions listed in Column A with the Try to match the intentions listed in Column A with the letter endings listed in Column B.letter endings listed in Column B. 新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊Unit 4 DreamA 5. expressing ones regrets at not doing6. expressing goodwill about a journey 7. expressing anxiety

31、about getting an early reply8. sending regards to someoneBa. I hope this will not greatly inconvenience you.b. I look forward to seeing you soon.c. I wish you every success.d. I hope youll get well soon.e. I wish you every happiness on the coming something trip.f. Please remember me to your mother.g

32、. I hope you wont mind my not going.h. Ill be waiting anxiously for an early reply. 新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊Unit 4 DreamB. Complimentary CloseThere are several kinds of complimentary close. The choice of the appropriate one depends on the relationship between the addresser and the addressee. 新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊新編英語教程（第三版）第二冊Unit