虛擬語氣語法

1、Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 虛擬語氣表示說話人的某種假設、虛擬語氣表示說話人的某種假設、愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義，即愿望、懷疑、猜測、建議等含義，即動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實，動詞所表示的動作或狀態(tài)并非事實，或不可能實現(xiàn)或不可能實現(xiàn) 。虛擬語氣虛擬語氣(The Subjective Mood) If I were you, I would give it up.If it rained/should rain/ were to rain tomorrow, I would not go.If I had followed your advice, I would

2、have succeeded. 條件條件從句從句If 從句從句的謂語形的謂語形式式主句主句的謂語形式的謂語形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去將來將來did/ werehad donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/ might + have done1.did/were2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一). If條件狀語從句中條件狀語從句中虛擬語氣的用法。虛擬語氣的用法。I wish I a bird.wereI wish/wished （沒吃

3、沒吃) so much watermelon.I hadnt eatenI wish it would rain tomorrow.二二). 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在賓語從句中賓語從句中的用法的用法1. wish 的的賓語從句賓語從句主語主語+did /were 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在主語主語+had done 過去過去主語主語+would/could/might +do 將來將來should2. would rather (that)I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.Dont

4、 come. I would rather you came tomorrow.主語主語+did /were現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 /將來將來 主語主語+had done 過去過去 The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.3. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議的虛擬語氣。從句中建議的虛擬語氣。從句中使使用用“（should） + 動詞原形動詞原形”的結(jié)構(gòu)。的結(jié)構(gòu)。賓語從句賓語從句中常見動詞中常見動詞: 一個堅持一個堅持, 兩個命令兩

5、個命令, 三個建議三個建議, 四個要求。即四個要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, ask三）三）. 凡是與凡是與“表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議建議”意義意義相同相同的詞，用于的詞，用于名詞性從句名詞性從句（主語從句，主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句）中均）中均要使用虛擬語氣要使用虛擬語氣“should +動詞原形動詞原形”結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)My demand is that she should come to se

6、e me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.Its required that the students should learn a foreign language. as if /though She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. （讓步狀語從句）（讓步狀語從句）It se

7、ems as if it were spring.（表語從句）（表語從句）主語主語+did /were 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在主語主語+had done 過去過去主語主語+would/ could/might +do 將來將來四）四）as if/ though引導的從句的虛擬用法引導的從句的虛擬用法1. Without air, there would be no living things.2. I was ill that day .Otherwise / Or, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.3. But for your help, I

8、wouldnt have finished the work so soon.4. With a million dollars, what would you do?注意：注意： Otherwise / Or前面的一個句子表示前面的一個句子表示真實的，該是什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)；但真實的，該是什么時態(tài)就用什么時態(tài)；但后面的句子必須用虛擬語氣。后面的句子必須用虛擬語氣。He _ (打電話打電話) to inform me of your birthday yesterday , or I _ (會知道會知道) nothing about it .telephonedwould have know

9、n 五）五）含蓄條件句含蓄條件句 有時為了表達的需要有時為了表達的需要,在虛擬語氣中并不在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句引導的條件句,而通過其他手段來而通過其他手段來代替條件句代替條件句.常用的介詞或短語有：常用的介詞或短語有：without，with, or, otherwise，but for(要不是要不是)等。虛等。虛擬語氣的形式和擬語氣的形式和if的主句的主句相同。相同。would/could/might/should do (現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在,將來將來) would/could/might/should have done(過去）過去） 六）錯綜時間條件句六）錯綜時間條件句

10、： 當條件當條件從句從句謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與謂語動詞發(fā)生的時間與主句主句的謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間不一致時的謂語動詞所發(fā)生的時間不一致時, 叫叫做做“錯綜條件虛擬語氣句錯綜條件虛擬語氣句”。主句和從主句和從句的謂語動詞要依照各自假設的時間而句的謂語動詞要依照各自假設的時間而定。定。If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.1. If you were older , I _ you to go there yesterday .

11、 A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. would allow2. If you _（努力學習）（努力學習）before, you _（就是）（就是）a college student now.（study， be）had studied hardwould be Its (about/high) time that sb過去式過去式 或或Should(不省不省) +V.Its high time that you went.=Its high time that you should go.Its time that w

12、e went to bed.=Its time that we should go to bed. 七七). 表示表示“是某人該做某事的時候了是某人該做某事的時候了”的句型的句型八八). If only 引導的感嘆句，表引導的感嘆句，表“要是要是就好就好了了”其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成與其虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成與wish后的賓語從句后的賓語從句相同。相同。If only If only I were a bird! If only I hadnt eaten so much watermelon If only we had followed your advice! If only it would rain tomorrow.主語主語+did /were 現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在 主語主語+had done 過去過去主語主語+would/could/might +do 將來將來九）九）. Its vital/ essential/ strange/ natural/ important/ necessary/ impossible that從從句中要用虛擬語氣句中要用虛擬語氣, 即即:should+ v(原形原形) It is