外研社八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)Module2知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)歸納

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上M2 My home town and my countryUnit 11. population “（某一地區(qū)的）人口；全體居民”，它是一個(gè)集體名詞。有特殊用法，容易出錯(cuò)。形容人口的“多”或“少”,要用“l(fā)arge、big”或“small”，不用much或little India has a large population. Singapore has a small population. 表示“某地有多少人口”的句型： The population of 某地is（was）數(shù)字，該句型中的population前要用定冠詞the， 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱

2、單數(shù)形式。 （be動(dòng)詞用is;實(shí)義動(dòng)詞加s或es）某地has a population of 數(shù)字The population of China is more than 1.3 billion.中國(guó)有大于十三億人口= China has a population of more than 1.3 billion. 詢問某國(guó)某地有多少人口時(shí)，要用How large.？或What.？ How large is the population of .？ = What is the population of .？ How large is the population of Hong Kong?=

3、Whats the population of Hong Kong? is the population of that country? About 17 million. A. How many B. How C. What D. How much 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是表示“人口的百分之幾、幾分之幾”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 About seventy percent of the population in China are farmers. 2.wide 寬的Wide adj 寬的；寬闊的；廣泛的，做表語(yǔ)或者定語(yǔ)Widely adv 寬闊地；廣泛地3.million 百萬(wàn) 數(shù)字+million

4、，表示確切數(shù)目，million要用單數(shù)，后不加s，而且不接介詞ofThere are about two milion people in the city. millions + of ，數(shù)百萬(wàn)，表示不確切的數(shù)目，million要用復(fù)數(shù)，后加s，而且后接介詞of Millions of people all over the world come to visit the town. 后面的名詞有了the, these, those等特指限定詞修飾時(shí)，或其后的接的是us, them 這樣的人稱代詞時(shí)，則此時(shí)必須用介詞 of。About three million of them have l

5、eft there. 他們當(dāng)中約有三百萬(wàn)人離開了那兒。 與million有相同用法的詞還有:hundred（百）,thousand（千）billion（十億）。 口訣： 模糊數(shù)字兩有（有s和of） 具體數(shù)字兩無(wú)（無(wú)s和of）Basketball is so exciting that people play it for fun.A. million B. two millions C.million of D. millions of 4.Pretty good 相當(dāng)好；adj，漂亮的，側(cè)重女孩的可愛或某事物精致可愛。She is very pretty in the new skirt.a

6、dv，十分 How was your weekend, Tony? Its pretty cold. . I had a good time in Paris.A. I'm OK B. Terrible C. Pretty good D. Well done5.In the 1980s 在20世紀(jì)80年代 表示“在。世紀(jì)。年代”用介詞in，在表示整十的年份后加s或者s，在前面加定冠詞the.He graduatd from Havard in the 1990s/1990s.6. In fact, it only became important. in fact 事實(shí)上 become

7、 指身份、地位的變化7.Its getting bigger and busier.（繁榮）get，此處用作系動(dòng)詞，意思：變成；成為，后常接形容詞或形容詞的比較級(jí) In the winter,the days are getting shorter and shorter.get 指天氣的變冷變熱，變長(zhǎng)變短 get longer（shorter） turn 顏色的變化go 指物質(zhì)發(fā)生化學(xué)變化 the meat goes bad（作系動(dòng)詞）get 實(shí)意動(dòng)詞，意思：得到；收到；獲得8.as.as. 和.一樣. 同級(jí)比較結(jié)構(gòu)。兩個(gè)as之間用adj或adv的原級(jí)，第二個(gè)as后接被比較的對(duì)象。否定形式是

8、not as.as. 或者not so.as.（不如.），指前者不如后者。 My sister is as tall as me. Tom is not as well as Lucy.9.Its streets are much wider and cleaner too. much用于比較級(jí)前，表示程度，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。用于修飾形容詞、副詞比較級(jí) 用于修飾比較級(jí)的副詞（短語(yǔ)）有： even， far， a lot，a bit，a little，rather， Its much hotter today than yesterday. Iam a little taller than my mo

9、ther.注意：much和more 的區(qū)別much 修飾形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)much 修飾形容詞副詞的比較級(jí)10.Would like to do sth“想，想要”，語(yǔ)氣上比like更委婉。Would like無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化，變一般疑問句時(shí)，要將would提到主語(yǔ)前。有如下常見搭配：Would like sth 想要某物 肯定回答：yes，please. 否定回答No,thanks.Would like to do sth 想要做某事 肯定回答：yes，Id love/like to. 否定回答: Id like to,but.Would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事

10、11. Some day it will become as busy as Hong Kong, Im sure.One day將來(lái)的某一天用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)或表示將來(lái)的句子過去的某一天用于一般過去時(shí)Some day將來(lái)的某一天用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)或表示將來(lái)的句子 as as 中間接形容詞、副詞的原級(jí),否定形式：not as/soasLucy runs as quickly as Lily. om is not as/so tall as Jim.Im sure.我確信。否定：Im not sure. 我不確信。詞組：be sure to do 一定要做be sure of sth 確信be/make

11、 sure that 確信1). This motorcycle is not as as that one, and it uses less gas.A . expensive B. less expensiveC. more expensive D. the most expensive 2). -I think Bill is taller than Jim.-No. I n fact, Jim is as as Bill. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest12.remember to do sth 記得要去做某事（事情沒有做），t

12、o可以理解為將來(lái) Remember doing sth 記得做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做了）13.辨析 Its taller than many other buildings. other adj 別的，其它的，后加名詞復(fù)數(shù)another 泛指三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中沒有確定的另一個(gè)； the other 指已知的兩個(gè)人或兩個(gè)事物中的另一個(gè)； Other 其他的，通常后面跟名詞 Others 其他的，后面不必接賓語(yǔ) any others + 單數(shù)名詞，表示不屬于同一范圍內(nèi)的任何一個(gè)Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.any + 單數(shù)名詞 表

13、示不屬于同一范圍的任何一個(gè) Shanghai is larger than any city in India.14.介詞in，on，to的用法 in 表示在范圍之內(nèi)； to表示在范圍之外并不相連用；on表示在范圍之外但相連 China is the east of Asia and the east of Japan. A. in; in B. to; in C. to; to D. in; to15. The population of Shengzhen is larger than that of many other cities in China. that 指代比較級(jí)中前面的單數(shù)

14、名詞 如果前面的名詞是復(fù)數(shù)，用those The people of Shengzhen are more than those of many other cities in China. he rivers in the village is cleaner than in the city. A. this B. that C. these D. those16.Hong Kong is as busy as Shenzhen. be busy (in) doing sth. = be busy with sth 忙于（做）. He is busy (in) doing his home

15、work.= He is busy with his homework. 他忙于做作業(yè)。 Unit 21. 方位east 東方 south南方 west西方 north北方southeast 東南方 northeast 東北方 southwest西南方 northwest 西北方1）短語(yǔ)：in the east of 在東部, in the west of 在西部 in the north of 在. 北部 in the south of 在南部 以上均指某一個(gè)地域范圍內(nèi)的方位 Shanghai is in the east of China. 首先上海是屬于中國(guó)的一部分，且在東部。2）方位詞

16、in ,on , to 的用法:屬于內(nèi)部用in , 接壤用on , 相隔用toBABBAonAinto2.My home town is especially famous for its university. especially adv “尤其地”修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞等。 specially 特別地 be famous for因.而聞名 后接聞名的原因 this place is famous for its cottom（棉花）.be famous as= be known as作為.而聞名 后接表示職位、名稱、身份等的詞University 雖然以元音u開頭，但其發(fā)音卻以輔音開頭，

17、所以前需要加aThere is a university in this town.3. There are lots of building and churches to visit.to visit 動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾building and churches，不定式常放在名詞的后面I have a lots of work to do in the morning.4. Enjoy vt.喜歡，后接名詞，代詞，動(dòng)名詞My sister enjoy music.Children enjoy playing music. 拓展： enjoy oneself = have a goo

18、g time=have fun 過得愉快，玩的開心 5. Such as 例如 用來(lái)列舉同類人或事物的幾個(gè)例子 Some of the European languages come from Latin，such as French Italian and Spanish. For example 例如 作“例如”講時(shí)，一般只以同類事物或人中的“一個(gè)”為例，作插入語(yǔ)，用逗號(hào)隔開，可置于句首、句中或句末。For example，air is invisible.6. It has a population of about seven and a half million.half 用于一個(gè)或

19、一個(gè)以上整數(shù)再加一半表示“幾個(gè)半”時(shí),用“ one (two ) +名詞 + and a half ”或“ one (two ) and a half + 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),此時(shí)要注意名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。 一個(gè)半小時(shí) one hour and a half / one and a half hours表示“某物的一半”用“ half a (an) + 單數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu) half an hour 半小時(shí)7.England itself is part of an island. part of 不可分割的一部分 Taiwan is part of China.a part of 通常前面加形容詞，表示的

20、一部分 eg：It is an important part of the machine.Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle.A. a B. the C. another D. / 8. be popular with sb 受到某人的歡迎Jay chou is popular with young people. 9.You will notice how green the countryside is.notice/ hear/ see sb do sth 注意、聽到、看到某人做事的過程 notice/ hear/

21、see sb doing sth 注意、聽到、看到某人正在做某事感嘆句句型復(fù)習(xí)：how adj 主 謂 What (a/an) adj n主 謂10.You will need it most days. need 作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 need do sth 作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞 need to do sth 否定 dont/ doesnt need to do sth sth need doing The clothes needs washing. 11.low和shortde 區(qū)別 Low 低的，矮的 通常指山脈或建筑物的低矮，也可指聲音、價(jià)格或溫度低，反義詞hige Short 低的， 通常指人個(gè)頭

22、矮，反義詞tall矮的， 通常指物體很短，反義詞longUnit 3 language in use3.new york is more famous than any other city in the US 1）比較急+than any other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+in. 在某一范圍內(nèi).比其他任何一個(gè).都. Tony is taller than any other boy in his class. = Tony is the tallest boy in his class.2）辨析：比較級(jí)+ than + any other +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 表示同一范圍內(nèi)比較比較級(jí)+ than + a

23、ny +單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 表示不同范圍內(nèi)比較4、形容詞的比較級(jí)的規(guī)則變化及用法。 （1）規(guī)則變化： 類別 構(gòu)成方法 原級(jí) 比較級(jí)    單音節(jié)詞和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞 一般直接加-erlongtalllongertaller不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾時(shí)加-rlatelargelaterlarger輔音字母加y結(jié)尾時(shí)把y變i，再加-ereasyhappyeasierhappier重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾并且只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)，雙寫最后的輔音字母，再加-erbighotbiggerhotter（2）形容詞比較級(jí)用法 表示兩者進(jìn)行比較時(shí)用形容詞比較級(jí)，最明顯的提示詞是than，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“A+比較級(jí)+th

24、an+B”。 Li Leis room is bigger than mine. 李雷的房間比我的大。 This mooncake is nicer than that one. 這塊月餅比那塊好吃。 有表示程度的副詞a little，a bit，a few，a lot，much，even，still，far，rather，any等修飾時(shí)，用形容詞比較級(jí)。 I feel even worse now. 我現(xiàn)在覺得更難受了。 It is much colder today than before.今天比以前冷得多。 比較級(jí)前面可以加上表示具體數(shù)量差別的結(jié)構(gòu),表示具體“大多少”，“小多少”，“長(zhǎng)多少”，“短多少”等。 I am two years older than he. 我比他大兩歲。 表示“兩者之間最一個(gè)(of the two)”時(shí)，常用“the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)。 Mary is the ta