高考必學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)主謂一致用法大全

1、高考必學(xué)知識(shí)點(diǎn):知道英語(yǔ)主謂一致用法(大全主謂一致(Subject- Verb Agreement,指人稱和數(shù)方面的一致關(guān)系。如: He is going abroad. They are playing football.主謂一致可分為:語(yǔ)法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致。(一 語(yǔ)法一致原則:即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù)。以下為注意事項(xiàng):1. 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有with, along with, together with, like, but, except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than, includ

2、ing, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。如:Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì)。No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐。2. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如:The poet and writer has come. 那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.(一個(gè)人A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣

3、物 用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包, knife and fork(刀叉等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語(yǔ), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ), 或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如: Serving the people is my great happiness. 為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福. When well go out for an outing has been decided. 我們什么時(shí)候出去1郊游已決定了。4. 用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). Every boy and e

4、very girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 沒(méi)有老師也沒(méi)有學(xué)生開(kāi)會(huì)缺席.Each man and (each woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).如:Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話要說(shuō)。6. 若主語(yǔ)中有more than one 或many a/a

5、n , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到More persons than one come to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。7. none 做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù), 也可用復(fù)數(shù); 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:None of us are (is perfect. 人無(wú)完人。8.

6、 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)2詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn)a pair of , 謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù).如:A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news ; 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱如: physics, mathematics, economics; 國(guó)名如: the United States; 報(bào)紙名如: the New Times; 書(shū)名如: Arabian Night <

7、天方夜談> 以及The United Nations<聯(lián)合國(guó)> 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。10. “a +名詞+and a half ”, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞”等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。(二 內(nèi)容一致原則:1.主語(yǔ)中有all, hal

8、f, most, the rest等, 以及“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于連用的名詞。如:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車,今天出售。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋果都是爛的。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lo

9、ts of , one of , a number of ,3plenty of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于量詞后面名詞的數(shù)。如:A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書(shū)已運(yùn)到。A part of the apple has been eaten up by the pig. 這個(gè)蘋果的一部分被豬吃光了。3. 加減乘除用單數(shù)。如:Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), 其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如:Ten

10、miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。5. 1 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞。包括police , people, cattle 等, 這些集體名詞通常用作復(fù)數(shù).如:The British police have only very limited powers.2 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞。包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.3 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞。包括audience, committee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public

11、等。如:The committee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。6. the +形容詞/過(guò)去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如:The injured were saved after the fire.(三 就近原則1. 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞4與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。如: Here comes the bus 公共汽車來(lái)了. Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。2. 用連詞or, either. or, neither.nor, not only.but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。如:Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。注意:one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中, 定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)