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1、高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法口訣高中階段的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)在現(xiàn)行的教材中分布得較分散、零碎,學(xué)生學(xué)起來(lái)頗感吃力,難以記牢。 一般說(shuō)來(lái),學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的途徑很多,但教學(xué)中常用的主要有如下二種:一是通過(guò)教師的講解,對(duì)所學(xué)語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的概念、結(jié)構(gòu),用法有個(gè)確切的了解;二是通過(guò)大量的練習(xí),在英語(yǔ)實(shí)踐中正確、熟練地掌握語(yǔ)法規(guī)則的用法。仔細(xì)惦量這兩種方法,其實(shí)都強(qiáng)調(diào)了同一個(gè)極其重要的東西,即是記憶。記憶的方式、方法很多,諸如分類(lèi)記憶法,直觀形象記憶法、奇持聯(lián)想記憶法,特征記憶法等等。這里,筆者主要從詞法與句法兩大塊對(duì)巧記英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法作些闡述。一、詞法(一)巧記名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則:?jiǎn)螖?shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)式,一般詞尾加-s;下列句詞詞尾后,要加-s先加-

2、e。發(fā)音f 、 t 、s和z,或是某些輔音加-o時(shí)。有些名詞變復(fù)數(shù),詞尾變化要注意。y前字母是輔音,一律變y為-ies.遇到f和fe,有時(shí)需要變-ves.少數(shù)名詞不規(guī)則,特殊情況要強(qiáng)記。說(shuō)明:1名詞變復(fù)數(shù)形式,一般在詞尾加-s.eg: bag-bags banana-bananas bird-birds pen-pens,2詞尾發(fā)音為f , t s, z的名詞(即以字母sh, ch, s, x結(jié)尾者)在變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),要在詞尾加-es,eg: watch-watches, box-boxes, bus-buses,etc3若詞尾字母o的前面是輔音字母,變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí),有些加-es,eg: hero-he

3、roes, Negro-Negroes, patato-patatoes, tomato-tomatoes.這四個(gè)詞可組成一句話來(lái)記憶:Heroes and Negroes eat potatoes and tomatoes(英雄和黑人吃馬鈴薯和西紅柿。簡(jiǎn)為二人吃二菜。)但有些以o結(jié)尾的名詞則加-s,eg: photo photoes, piano pianos等。4若詞尾字母y前加的是輔音字母時(shí),變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù),首先把y變?yōu)閕,再加-es, eg: family families, city- cities, baby babies等,但若詞尾y前為元音字母時(shí),則可直接加-s, eg: day-d

4、ays, boy-boys等。5以f和fe結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),首先將f和fe變?yōu)関, 再加-es,我們也可用一句話來(lái)記,狼(wolf)和小偷(thief)的妻子(wife)用小刀(knife)威脅書(shū)架(shelf)上的半片(half)葉子(leaf)的生命(life)。另外記住一些常見(jiàn)特殊詞,eg: roofroofs.6. 有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化是不規(guī)則的,eg: man-men, woman-women, child-children, chinese- chinese, sheep-sheep等,平時(shí)多留心,稍微加以歸納,是不難發(fā)現(xiàn)其的特征的。(二)定冠詞冠詞是NMET試題中出現(xiàn)較頻繁的詞性

5、,近五年復(fù)出率高達(dá)83.3%。因而掌握冠詞,尤其是定冠詞的用法也尤其必要。請(qǐng)看下面的順口溜,它可以幫助我們記憶定冠詞的一些用法:特指、重提和唯一,島嶼,海峽和海灣;海洋,黨派最高級(jí),沙漠,河流與群山;方位、順序和樂(lè)器,年代,團(tuán)體與機(jī)關(guān);船名,建筑和組織,會(huì)議,條約與報(bào)刊;姓氏復(fù)數(shù),國(guó)全名,請(qǐng)你記住用定冠。下面讓我們?cè)賮?lái)驗(yàn)證這順口溜吧。請(qǐng)仔細(xì)觀察下面各句中定冠詞的用法,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)它的功效與真?zhèn)瘟恕?. The girl in red has just come back from Australia.2. Mr. Li will give us a talk. The talk will begi

6、n at 8:003. The sun gives us heat and light.4. The Pacific Ocean is the largest of all.5. The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.6. Do you know when the Great Wall came into being?7. Shes on the Peoples Daily.8. The Einsteins could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert neede

7、d.9. Who was the first to come?10. I heard somebody playing the piano in the next room.11. Great Changes have taken place in the 1990s12. In 1864, Lincoln was elected President of the United States for the second time.(三)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括動(dòng)詞不定式,動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞和動(dòng)詞的-ing形式三種。這是高考中的熱點(diǎn),其考查量多、面廣,幾乎是必考的一個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。近六年高考復(fù)現(xiàn)率達(dá)百分

8、之百??v觀試題,其考查重點(diǎn)為動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的作用及功能相同的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的區(qū)別。學(xué)生對(duì)此知識(shí)也知之半解,深感頭疼。請(qǐng)看下面的方法,將有助于記住不定式及動(dòng)名詞。1、動(dòng)詞的不定式不定式有標(biāo)記,to與動(dòng)詞連一起。沒(méi)有人稱數(shù)變化,動(dòng)詞特點(diǎn)它具備。主賓定狀表補(bǔ)語(yǔ),唯獨(dú)作謂不可以。not 加上不定式,否定結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記。疑問(wèn)詞與不定式,構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)有意義。仔細(xì)推敲多思考,準(zhǔn)確判斷有依據(jù)。解析:to+動(dòng)詞原形是它的基本構(gòu)成形式,即不定式的標(biāo)記。它沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,不管主語(yǔ)是任何人稱,單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù),動(dòng)詞不定式都沒(méi)有變化。但它仍保留動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)。它具有名詞、形容詞和副詞三大特點(diǎn),所以,它在句中

9、可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)。not +動(dòng)詞不定式是它的否定形式,不要受其他否定式的影響,要記住規(guī)律。疑問(wèn)代詞what, who, whom, which和疑問(wèn)副詞where, when, why , how加上不定式在句中可以做主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)。通過(guò)以上分析,只要仔細(xì)研究,把不定式的功能用法搞清楚,在應(yīng)用時(shí)就能作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。2、動(dòng)名詞:哪些動(dòng)詞后面只能接動(dòng)名詞,下面的順口溜有助于記憶。喜歡、考慮不可免(enjoy, consider, escape, avoid)停止,放棄太冒險(xiǎn)(stop, give up , risk)反對(duì)想象莫推延(mine, imagine, de

10、lay, put off)要求完成是期望(require, finish, look forward to.)建議繼續(xù)勤*練(suggest, go on, practise)不禁原諒要堅(jiān)持(cant help, excuse , insist on)繼續(xù)注意使成功(keep on, mind, succeed in)(四)多個(gè)形容詞并開(kāi)修飾一個(gè)名詞的問(wèn)題有兩三個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞時(shí),與被修飾名詞關(guān)系較密切的形容詞靠近名詞。若有多個(gè)形容詞修飾,可用下面這句話來(lái)判斷、排列它們的順序:縣官行令殺國(guó)材。其意思是:縣(限)代表限定詞,包括冠詞、指示代詞、形容詞性物主代詞,所有格,數(shù)字等。 官(觀)代表

11、表示觀點(diǎn)的描繪性形容詞,eg: fine beautiful interesting等。行(形)代表表示大小、長(zhǎng)短、高低及形狀的形容詞:eg: small tall, high, little, round等。 令代表表示年齡、新舊的形容詞:eg: old, young等。殺色(近似音)代表表示顏色的形容詞:eg: white, black等。國(guó)代表國(guó)籍、地區(qū)、出處的形容詞:eg: Englsih, American, moun tain等。材代表形成中心名詞的材料的形容詞,eg: wooden, silk, plastic, stone等。請(qǐng)看下面的例子: a fine old stone

12、bridge;two big round new Chinese wooden tables;his large new black foreign car.(五)序數(shù)詞中的特殊詞:記憶序數(shù)詞中的特殊詞時(shí),可用順口溜來(lái)記:八去t,九減e, f來(lái)把ve替,若是遇上幾十幾,ie就把y來(lái)替。即:eighth, ninth, fifth, twelfth, twentieth, thirtieth(六)一些動(dòng)詞1. lie 的變化記憶lie 的變化時(shí),可用順口溜來(lái)幫助記憶:規(guī)則的說(shuō)謊,不規(guī)則的躺,躺過(guò)就下蛋,下蛋不規(guī)則。即:lieliedliedlying(說(shuō)謊)lielaylainlying(躺,位

13、于)laylaidlaidlaying(產(chǎn)卵,下蛋)2感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞:記憶此項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞,可歸納于五三二一,即:五看see, watch, notice, observe, look at;二使let, make, have;三聽(tīng)hear, listen to;一覺(jué)feel.3否定轉(zhuǎn)移的5個(gè)常用詞:我認(rèn)為(think)猜想(suppose)與想象(imagine)都不可相信(believe),我期待(expect)等著你的回答。eg: I dont think hell come tomorrow.4同源賓語(yǔ)的七個(gè)常用詞微筆(smile)著生話(live)歌唱(sing)著戰(zhàn)斗(fight)死(

14、die)也像睡覺(jué)(sleep)做夢(mèng)(dream)一樣甜蜜。eg: Now were living a happy life and often dream good dreams.5巧記常用于主語(yǔ)沒(méi)有生命勝似有之類(lèi)句子謂語(yǔ)的七個(gè)動(dòng)詞:如果看見(jiàn)(see)或發(fā)現(xiàn)(discover) Turn(音譯:特恩),一定要找到(find)他,并帶(bring)他到這兒給(give)大伙展示(show)一下。eg: Tomorrowll see the opening of the meeting.Dusk found a little boy crying in the street.二、句法(一)巧學(xué)定語(yǔ)

15、從句由兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并成一個(gè)含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)句時(shí),對(duì)于關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的取舍是個(gè)難點(diǎn)。如下兩句話,用起來(lái)倒方便,快捷:代代代,副代副;有介要用代,無(wú)介關(guān)副代。說(shuō)明:是說(shuō)用關(guān)系代詞代替定語(yǔ)從句中的代詞或名詞。即將兩個(gè)句子合并成定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),在確定先行詞后(在主句中),把另一個(gè)句子(定語(yǔ)從句)中的代詞或名詞用關(guān)系代詞代替,緊跟在先行詞之后即可。這里當(dāng)然要記住,應(yīng)把被代替的代詞或名詞去掉。eg: The teacher is my brother.He is teaching.The teacher who (代替代詞he, 故也須將he去掉)is teaching is my brother.與同理。

16、即用關(guān)系副詞代替定語(yǔ)從句中的副詞(或作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ))。這時(shí)的關(guān)系副詞也照樣緊跟在先行詞之后。eg:We visited the factory.She worked in the factory last year.We visited the factory, Where (代替相當(dāng)于副詞作狀語(yǔ)的介詞詞組in the factory) she worked last year.和兩句是指如果定語(yǔ)從句中有作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ),保留介詞就要用關(guān)系代詞,或用關(guān)系副詞代替整個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)。 eg:I still remember that day.I joined the Party on that da

17、y.I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.(二)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的學(xué)習(xí)是中學(xué)階段英語(yǔ)的一項(xiàng)重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容,又是難點(diǎn)的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目,近幾年的高考題里,年年都少不了有它的足跡或影子。關(guān)于被動(dòng)詞態(tài)的構(gòu)成,可用下列口訣幫助記憶:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)賓,用 be加上過(guò)去分。be要隨著主語(yǔ)變,人稱時(shí)態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。行為對(duì)象作主語(yǔ),邏輯主語(yǔ)by來(lái)引。原句若是雙賓語(yǔ),一變主來(lái)一保賓。間賓要把主語(yǔ)變,原來(lái)直賓還是賓。直賓要把主語(yǔ)變,間賓前加to最稱心。唯有原賓是復(fù)合,只有變賓要當(dāng)心。原句賓補(bǔ)變主補(bǔ),位置不必挪寸分。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng),情態(tài)加be加過(guò)分。如若情態(tài)后

18、帶to,變后有to才弄準(zhǔn)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng),相當(dāng)及物莫疑心。不過(guò)其后介或副,變后還得要承認(rèn)。以上敘述的種種學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的記憶方法,僅是我們中學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習(xí)的一種類(lèi)別。不少老師及學(xué)生在教學(xué)和學(xué)習(xí)中采用了與自己實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合的一些口訣歌訣,順口溜等形式幫助了記憶。實(shí)踐證明,采用這些方法來(lái)記憶語(yǔ)法知識(shí),易記且不易遺忘,從而達(dá)到牢固地掌握各語(yǔ)法的目的。并能有機(jī)地靈活地運(yùn)用到具體題目中去,增強(qiáng)了解題的準(zhǔn)確性。1.考點(diǎn)分布相對(duì)穩(wěn)定、集中。英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、冠詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)的頻率較高,尤其要引起重視的是動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、各種習(xí)慣表達(dá)法及交際用法。2.語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的考查不

19、能脫離一定的語(yǔ)境。近年來(lái),高考題重視考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言實(shí)踐能力,將單純的語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)言知識(shí)放置于一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境,這是近年來(lái)高考英語(yǔ)測(cè)試改革的一個(gè)方向,學(xué)生在做題的過(guò)程中應(yīng)該樹(shù)立全局觀、整體觀,不能顧此失彼,只注意語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的正確性而忽略了語(yǔ)境使用中的合理性。3.題干設(shè)計(jì)的新穎性。幾乎每年的高考題在題干設(shè)計(jì)上都有所創(chuàng)新,學(xué)生在考試前應(yīng)該有相應(yīng)的心理準(zhǔn)備。在考試過(guò)程中,遇到新穎的題干不心慌,沉著、冷靜地對(duì)考題加以分析。對(duì)于單項(xiàng)填空題,學(xué)生應(yīng)該仔細(xì)分析,積極揣摩出題人的意圖。也就是我們常說(shuō)的做題時(shí)切忌盲目,要找準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)。這樣,既增加了做題的準(zhǔn)確性,又節(jié)約了時(shí)間。在高考前的后期復(fù)習(xí)中,學(xué)生們應(yīng)對(duì)高頻考點(diǎn)進(jìn)行拉網(wǎng)式地

20、認(rèn)真清理,做到知識(shí)條理清楚,哪些點(diǎn)??际裁?,要心中有數(shù),不打無(wú)準(zhǔn)備之仗。4.近年來(lái)其內(nèi)容愈來(lái)愈貼近生活,因此學(xué)生除了復(fù)習(xí)考綱所列的詞匯和語(yǔ)法知識(shí),還要注意歸納英漢兩種文化的差異,熟悉所學(xué)的習(xí)慣用法,提高順應(yīng)語(yǔ)境的能力。5.要看清楚題干再做題。碰到個(gè)別不容易的題,別花太多時(shí)間。選擇題分?jǐn)?shù)只占10,最好學(xué)生把時(shí)間控制在10分鐘以內(nèi)。6.題眼法:"題眼"是指題干中的關(guān)鍵詞或關(guān)鍵符號(hào),它具有提示信息的作用。一旦抓住了它,就能掌握選擇的依據(jù)。7.還原法:把倒裝式、強(qiáng)調(diào)式或疑問(wèn)式的題干變換為陳述句,再選就容易多了8.歸類(lèi)法:根據(jù)句意,把選項(xiàng)分組歸類(lèi),縮小范圍,提高做題的速度和準(zhǔn)確性。9

21、.推理法:根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行邏輯推理,在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可填入的情況下,要認(rèn)真閱讀全句,仔細(xì)體會(huì)其語(yǔ)境,根據(jù)前后文,進(jìn)行判斷。10.排除法:對(duì)于難度較大的題,一時(shí)不知道選哪一個(gè)。這時(shí)要逐個(gè)試填,最后,選取組成最好語(yǔ)境的選項(xiàng)。高中英文中倍數(shù)的表達(dá)1."A + be + 倍數(shù) + as + 計(jì)量形容詞原級(jí) + as + B".This tree is three times as tall as that one. 這棵樹(shù)是那棵樹(shù)的三倍高。His father is twice as old as he. 他父親的年紀(jì)有他兩倍大。2."A + be + 倍數(shù) + 計(jì)量形容詞比

22、較級(jí) + than + B "The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River.長(zhǎng)江差不多是珠江的兩倍。The dictionary is exactly five times more expensive than that one.這本字典恰好是那本的5倍。3."A + be + 倍數(shù) + the + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + B "The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)

23、建時(shí)的四倍大。4."The + 計(jì)量名詞 + of + A + be + 倍數(shù) + that + of + B "The size of the newly broadened square is four times that of the previous one.新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)為以前的四倍大。5.其它I'm twice/ double his age. 我的年齡是他的兩倍。I've paid five times the usual price for the stamp.我出了5倍于往常的價(jià)格買(mǎi)這枚郵票。十個(gè)高考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)中的必會(huì)句型1.as soon

24、as一就= directly / immediately / instantly= the second / the minute / the moment / the instantHe came around to see me as soon as / the moment/ immediately he checked in the hotel.他剛一入住賓館就來(lái)看我.They informed us the news immediately / directly they got it.他們一得到消息就通知了我們.The policeman came to the spot the

25、moment / the instant / the minute she heard of the accident.一聽(tīng)說(shuō)事故,這位警察就到了現(xiàn)場(chǎng).2.,before.(1) 沒(méi)來(lái)得及就The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.他還沒(méi)有來(lái)得及沖進(jìn)房間把孩子就出來(lái),房頂就塌了.He ran off before I could stop him.To my great disappointment , my favorite singer left the concert before I

26、could have a word with him.(2) 過(guò)了多久才怎么樣,動(dòng)作進(jìn)行到什么程度才怎樣They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village.They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.Three years passed before I knew it.3.It was + 時(shí)間段 + before.過(guò)了多久才.It was not long before 不久就It will

27、 ( not ) be + 時(shí)間段 + before 要過(guò)多久 ( 不久).才.It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.It was three years before he came back.It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.4. no sooner than= hardlywhen一就., 剛剛就No sooner / hardly + 過(guò)去完成時(shí),than / when + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)如果no sooner, hardl

28、y 位于句首, 主句要倒裝.He had hardly sat down to have a rest when the door bell rang and in came Allan.No sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him.Hardly had we arrived when she started crying to go home.5. once 一旦., 表示時(shí)間和條件Once you understand this rule, you will have no further diff

29、iculty.Once you have decided to do something, you should do it well.Once you enter the chemistry lab, you should follow the teachers instructions.6. since 自從.以來(lái)Since 引導(dǎo)的從句不論是延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞, 都表示的是動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的完成或結(jié)束. 注意一下句子翻譯:Since he lived in Nanjing, I have not heard from him. (= since he left Nanjing)自從他離開(kāi)南京以

30、來(lái),我沒(méi)有收到過(guò)他的信.Since she was in Yangzhou, she has kept in touch with her former friends. ( since she left Yangzhou)她離開(kāi)揚(yáng)州以來(lái),一直同過(guò)去的朋友保持著聯(lián)系.對(duì)比:1). I have never seen him since he was ill.他病好后,我就再也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到他.2). I have never seen him since he fell ill.他生病以后我就再也沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)他.It is / ( has been ) + 時(shí)間段 + since + 過(guò)去式It is

31、/ has been two years since his father died.= his father has been dead for two years. = his father died two years ago.他的父親去世兩年了.It has been 8 years since I graduated from university.= I graduated from university 8 years ago.It is 3 years since he smoked. 他三年不吸煙了.(即,從句動(dòng)詞延續(xù)性的,譯成否定意義;從句動(dòng)詞非延續(xù)性的,譯成肯定意義.)I

32、t is 3 years since he left school.-他畢業(yè)三年了.7.,until直到時(shí)候; notuntil直到才You are to stay here until / till your mother comes back.The meeting was put off until ten oclock.Not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV did we know much about global warning. = We did not know much about global warning unt

33、il we watched the Earth Day program.= It was not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV that we knew much about global warming. Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.8. when引導(dǎo)并列分句, 當(dāng)時(shí),突然,強(qiáng)調(diào)另一動(dòng)作的突然發(fā)生.One day Chuck was on a flight acro

34、ss the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. Chuck survived the crash and landed on a deserted island.I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy crying for help.I was about to leave when it began to rain.對(duì)比: A: I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailors s

35、hop.B: I was walking along the streets. Just at that moment I caught sight of a tailors shop.9. while = although盡管While I admit that the problem is difficult, I dont think that it cant be solved.While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.While I was angry with her, I didnt lose my tem

36、per.10. where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)You should put the book where it was.Persistent people begin their success where others end in failure.Where there is a will, there is a way.Where men are greedy, there is never peace.Go where you should, keep on studying.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中,動(dòng)詞一般用原形。表述事實(shí)講真理,習(xí)慣動(dòng)作常發(fā)生。動(dòng)詞詞尾加s(es),只表單數(shù)三人稱。若變一般

37、疑問(wèn)句,得看句型是哪種。系表結(jié)構(gòu)和there be, be放句首可完成;若遇實(shí)義動(dòng)詞句,do或does莫忘用!現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Look, Listen是標(biāo)志,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行正發(fā)生;有時(shí)now在句中現(xiàn),beving時(shí)態(tài)成。若問(wèn)be用何形式,須看主語(yǔ)數(shù)、人稱。He She is, I am We, you, they后are緊跟。ving形式更好記,三種構(gòu)成要分清。一般問(wèn)句be提前,be后加not否定成!基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中,動(dòng)詞一般用原形。表述事實(shí)講真理,習(xí)慣動(dòng)作常發(fā)生。動(dòng)詞詞尾加s(es),只表單數(shù)三人稱。若變一般疑問(wèn)句,得看句型是哪種。系表結(jié)構(gòu)和there be, be放句首可完成;若

38、遇實(shí)義動(dòng)詞句,do或does莫忘用!現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)Look, Listen是標(biāo)志,現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行正發(fā)生;有時(shí)now在句中現(xiàn),beving時(shí)態(tài)成。若問(wèn)be用何形式,須看主語(yǔ)數(shù)、人稱。He She is, I am We, you, they后are緊跟。ving形式更好記,三種構(gòu)成要分清。一般問(wèn)句be提前,be后加not否定成!基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞上午、下午、晚上仍用in。(如:in the morningafternoonevening) 若是某日上下午,也是用on才能行。(如:on the evening of the Midautumn Day)正午、夜里用at,(如:at noon, at night)

39、時(shí)、分用法也同理。(如:, at two, at two)如若差點(diǎn)須加to,(如:two to two)如若過(guò)點(diǎn)改past。(如:half past one)多說(shuō)勤練牢牢記,學(xué)好英語(yǔ)非兒戲。冠詞用法歌訣單數(shù)名詞前,可用 a或an; 泛指某一類(lèi),用法記心間;輔音前用a,元音前用an; a, an不特指,特指用定冠;泛指復(fù)數(shù)前,冠詞多不便; 碰到代詞時(shí),我們不出現(xiàn)。詞組短語(yǔ)中,特殊記心間謂語(yǔ)be的用法我用am,你用are除此之外的單數(shù)包括他她還有它統(tǒng)統(tǒng)都是用is我們你們和他們只要復(fù)數(shù)都用are一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句的變化一般問(wèn)句并不難,謂語(yǔ)調(diào)到主語(yǔ)前。大寫(xiě)小寫(xiě)有變化,句末要把問(wèn)號(hào)加。第一人稱常變二。否

40、定句就更簡(jiǎn)單,中間加上一not,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提到前?,F(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)很好記,結(jié)構(gòu)be動(dòng)詞ing。be由主語(yǔ)來(lái)決定,句中常用標(biāo)志詞,now,look,listen!一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)肯定句的現(xiàn)在式。不是三單用原形,是三單就加s,es,若是否定疑問(wèn)句,沒(méi)有be就加個(gè)do,碰到三單加does。如把does加在前,動(dòng)詞就要還原形。一般過(guò)去時(shí)肯定句的過(guò)去式。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞加ed,不規(guī)則的必須記。否定形式疑問(wèn)句,沒(méi)有be加did。如把did加在前,動(dòng)詞也要還原形。特殊的形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)一分為二有兩個(gè),一是遠(yuǎn)來(lái)一是老。合二為一共三對(duì),壞病兩多并兩好。還有一詞雙意含,只譯少來(lái)不譯小。比較等級(jí)的運(yùn)用原級(jí)用在asa

41、s間,比較級(jí)用在than前。and連接兩個(gè)比較級(jí),說(shuō)明越來(lái)越怎樣。三者以上最高級(jí),副詞前可不加the。Even, much和a little,也常修飾比較級(jí)。賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句三要素,引導(dǎo)詞、語(yǔ)序、時(shí)態(tài)。引導(dǎo)詞分三情況,陳述句that可省略。一般疑問(wèn)句if或whether。碰到特殊疑問(wèn)句,疑問(wèn)詞來(lái)?yè)?dān)此任。語(yǔ)序總體為主謂。疑問(wèn)詞從句主語(yǔ),語(yǔ)序不必去改變。從句時(shí)態(tài)主句定,如果主句是過(guò)去,從句相應(yīng)作改變,客觀真理仍現(xiàn)在。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)牢記一點(diǎn),be加動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞。分析句中主和謂,承受者作主語(yǔ)即被動(dòng)。短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可忘介、副詞。另有不及物動(dòng)詞,只有主動(dòng)無(wú)被動(dòng)。還要注意其時(shí)態(tài),與主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)全相同。教冠a, a

42、n, thea,an,the是冠詞,就像帽子扣名詞; 元音因素要扣an,輔音因素要扣a; ana用來(lái)泛泛指,the是特指常牢記。 進(jìn)行時(shí)順口溜進(jìn)行時(shí),抓動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞前面是助詞(be); 動(dòng)詞的后面是ing,三位一體別忘記。形容詞性物主代詞物主代詞很重要,譯成漢語(yǔ)都有的; 后面必須加上物,否則就要犯錯(cuò)誤;my,your,his,her,its,our,their不放過(guò).be的幾個(gè)順口溜(1)我用am,你用are,單三is,復(fù)數(shù)are。(2)I用am,you用are,非I非you是is,復(fù)數(shù)全部都用are。(3)代詞主格的順口溜:I是我來(lái)we復(fù)數(shù),你和你們都用you;he,she,it男、女、它,復(fù)

43、數(shù)一律把they用。過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞"一改、二多、三少、四剛剛好"即有規(guī)則的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的動(dòng)詞,一改,以"y" 結(jié)尾,把"y"去掉改為"i"再加"ed",如:"study""studied";二多,重讀閉音節(jié),雙寫(xiě)末尾輔音字母再加"ed",如:"stop""stopped";三少,以不發(fā)音"e"字母結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,可直接加上"d",如:"live"

44、"lived";四剛剛好,就是直接加上"ed ",如:"work""worked" .冠詞用法一、定冠詞的用法。特指雙熟悉,上文已提及;世上獨(dú)無(wú)二,序數(shù)最高級(jí);某些專(zhuān)有名,習(xí)語(yǔ)及樂(lè)器。以上口訣歸納了用定冠詞的一般情況,即:特指某些人或物 談話雙方都熟悉的人或事 上文已經(jīng)提到的人或事 世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物前 序數(shù)詞回形容詞最高級(jí)前 某些專(zhuān)有名詞前 一些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)(如:in the day等)中和樂(lè)器前(如:play the violin / piano)。二、不用冠詞的集中情況。下列情況應(yīng)免冠,代詞限定名詞前;專(zhuān)有名詞

45、不可數(shù),學(xué)科球類(lèi)三餐飯;復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指,兩節(jié)星期月份前;顏色語(yǔ)種和國(guó)名,稱呼習(xí)語(yǔ)及頭銜。以上口訣主要概括了一般應(yīng)免冠的幾種情況,即:名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this、that、some、any、my等限定詞。 專(zhuān)有名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前。 表示學(xué)科的(如:maths、Chinese、physics)名詞前。 球類(lèi)活動(dòng)的名詞前及三餐總稱前。 復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指(一類(lèi)人或事)時(shí)。 節(jié)日、季節(jié)、星期、月份前。 表示顏色(如:It's red / yellow.)、語(yǔ)種(如:speak English/Japanese)和國(guó)家的非全稱名詞(如:We live in China. They come fr

46、om America.)。 在稱呼或表示頭銜的名詞前。 某些習(xí)慣短語(yǔ)中(如:in bed、go to school等)。 be 的用法口訣我用am,你用are,is連著他,她,它;單數(shù)名詞用is,復(fù)數(shù)名詞全用are。變疑問(wèn),往前提,句末問(wèn)號(hào)莫丟棄。變否定,更容易,be后not莫忘記。疑問(wèn)否定任你變,句首大寫(xiě)莫遲疑。時(shí)間名詞前所用介詞年月周前要用in,日子前面卻不行。遇到幾號(hào)要用on,上午下午又是in。要說(shuō)某日上下午,用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏須用at,黎明用它也不錯(cuò)。at也用在明分前,說(shuō)差可要用上to,說(shuō)過(guò)只可使用past,多說(shuō)多練牢牢記,莫讓歲月空蹉跎。記住f(e)結(jié)尾的名詞復(fù)數(shù)妻子持刀去

47、宰狼,小偷嚇得發(fā)了慌;躲在架后保己命,半片樹(shù)葉遮目光.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的一些特殊用法后只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的一些常用特殊謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞后,不定式,want, hope和wish,agree, decide, mean, manage, promise,expect, pretend,且說(shuō)兩位算在此,要記牢,要記住,掌握它們靠自己。后接動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)省略不定式符號(hào)to的一些常用特殊動(dòng)詞一些動(dòng)詞要掌握,have, let和make,此三動(dòng)詞是使役,注意觀察聽(tīng)到see,還有feel和watch,使用它們要仔細(xì),后接賓補(bǔ)略去to,此點(diǎn)千萬(wàn)要牢記除此之外,還可以掌握八字言,一感feel,二聽(tīng)hear, li

48、sten to, 三讓have, let, make,四看see, look at, observe, watch高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法速記口訣匯總一、冠詞基本用法【速記口訣】名詞是禿子,常要戴帽子,可數(shù)名詞單,須用a或an,輔音前用a,an在元音前,若為特指時(shí),則須用定冠,復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù),泛指the不見(jiàn),碰到代詞時(shí),冠詞均不現(xiàn)?!久钫Z(yǔ)詮釋】冠詞是中考必考的語(yǔ)法知識(shí)之一,也是中考考查的主要對(duì)象。以上口訣包括的意思有:名詞在一般情況下不單用,常常要和冠詞連用;表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an,確指時(shí)要用定冠詞the;如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指,名詞前有this,these,my,some等時(shí)就不用冠詞。

49、二、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則【速記口訣】單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù),規(guī)則要記住,一般加s,特殊有幾處:【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】大部分單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)要加s,也就是單詞如果以ch,sh,s,x等結(jié)尾),則一般加es;以o結(jié)尾的單詞除了兩人(negro,hero)兩菜(tomato,potato)加es外,其余一般加s;以f或fe結(jié)尾的單詞一般是把f,fe變?yōu)関e再加s;英語(yǔ)中還有些單詞沒(méi)有規(guī)則,需要特殊記憶,如childchildren,mousemice,deerdeer,sheepsheep,ChineseChinese,oxoxen,manmen,womanwomen,footfeet,toothteeth。三、名詞所

50、有格用法【速記口訣】名詞所有格,表物是誰(shuí)的,若為生命詞,加s即可行,詞尾有s,僅把逗號(hào)擇;并列名詞后,各自和共有,前者分別加,后者最后加;若為無(wú)生命詞,of所有格,前后須倒置,此是硬規(guī)則?!久钫Z(yǔ)詮釋】有生命的名詞所有格一般加s,但如果名詞以s結(jié)尾,則只加;并列名詞所有格表示各自所有時(shí),分別加s,如果是共有,則只在最后名詞加s;如果是無(wú)生命的名詞則用of表示所有格,這里需要注意它們的順序與漢語(yǔ)不同,AofB要翻譯為B的A。四、接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞【速記口訣】三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng),兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕;設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定,不要假裝在選擇?!久钫Z(yǔ)詮釋】三個(gè)希望兩答應(yīng):hope,wish,want,agree,promise兩個(gè)要求莫拒絕:demand,ask,refuse設(shè)法學(xué)會(huì)做決定:manage,learn,decide不要假裝在選擇:petend,choose五、接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞【速記口訣】Mrs。PBlackmissedabeefbag。(P?布萊克夫人丟了一個(gè)牛肉袋。)【妙語(yǔ)詮釋】該句話中每個(gè)字母代表

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