動詞和動詞短語(知識梳理)

1、.動詞和動詞短語真題再現(xiàn)：1. If you come to visit China, you will _ a culture of amazing depth and variety. A. develop B. create C. substitute D. experience2. Tom had to _ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy. A. turn in B. turn down C. turn over D. turn to3. Body language can _a lot

2、about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. A. take away B. throw away C. put away D. give away4. We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or _our emotions than for straight facts. A. block off. B. appeal to C. subsc

3、ribe to D. come across5. The university started some new language programs to _ the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt. A. apply to B. cater for C. appeal to D. hunt for6. The whole team _ Cristiano Donald, and he seldom lets them down. A. wait on B. focus on C. count on D. call on7. Dont worry. Im su

4、re your missing glasses will _ sooner or later. A. stand out B. break up C. get out D. turn up8. It is said that body language_ 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. A. lies in B. accounts for C. consists of D. goes with9. The team are working hard to _ the problem so

5、 that they can find the best solution. A. face B. prevent C. raise D. analyze10. Peter will _his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. A. take up B. put up C. add up D. break up11. If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to _ on the sea? A. float B. drown C. shri

6、nk D. split12. If you have any doubts about your health, youd better_ your doctor at once. A. convince B. consult C. avoid D. affect13. Schools should be lively places where individuals are encouraged to _ to their greatest potential. A. accelerate B. improve C. perform D. develop14. In order not to

7、 be heard, she pointed her finger upwards to _ that someone was moving about upstairs. A. whisper B. signal C. declare D. complain15. There is no doubt that this candidates advantage _ his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. A. leaves out B. goes against C. lies in D. makes up16. See,

8、 your computer has broken down again! It doesnt _ sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. A. have B. make C. display D. bring17. Studies have shown that the right and left ear _ sound differently. A. produce B. pronounce C. process D. download解析：1. D。此題考察的是動詞的用法，A項為開展

9、，B項為創(chuàng)造，C項為代替，D項為經(jīng)歷。根據(jù)語意選D。2. B。本句考察的是動詞詞組的用法。句意：上個周湯姆不得不回絕宴會的邀請，因為他太忙了。turn in 上交；turn down回絕；turn over 移交；turn to求助。應(yīng)選B。3. D。句意：肢體語言可以透露很多的心情，所以把你的手折起來站著，表示你是有防范的。A意為“拿走；B意為“扔掉；C意為“放好；D意為“泄露。該題考察的是動詞短語搭配。4. B。句意：我們趨向于對于有一些記憶會比較清楚，這些東西是讓我們沖動或者是吸引我們的。block off意為“封鎖，appeal to意為“吸引，subscribe to意為“訂閱，co

10、me across意為“遇到。5. B。此題考察動詞詞組的用法，句意為大學(xué)里開設(shè)了新的語言工程為的是迎合國家經(jīng)濟開展。 6. C。此題考察動詞詞組的用法，A項為等待，B選項為集中C選項依賴D選項號召，根據(jù)語意選C。7. D?？疾靹釉~短語辨析。句意：別擔(dān)憂。我相信你喪失的眼鏡遲早會出現(xiàn)的。stand out突出；break up 完畢，解散，分手；get out 出去，出版，被泄露；turn up 出現(xiàn)，露面。應(yīng)選D。8. B。lies in在于；accounts for說明、引起，比例占；consists of包括；goes with相伴。該句意思為：據(jù)說身體語言占了第一印象的百分之五十五，而

11、你所說的話只占百分之七。應(yīng)選B。9. D?？疾靹釉~詞義辨析。句意：整個團隊努力分析這個問題，以找到最好解決方法。找到解決方法只有先認真分析問題，所以選D。face the problem 面對問題；prevent 阻止；raise 進步，養(yǎng)育。10. A。句意：Peter在這個月底將從事旅行社負責(zé)人的職位。take up拿起，開場從事；put up豎立；搭建；add up加起來；break up完畢；分解。所以選A。11.A。句意：既然鐵重于水，為什么船可以浮在水面上。float意為“漂浮。drown意為“淹死，shrink意為“收縮，split意為“灑出。12. B。句意：假如你對你的安康有

12、任何疑問，你最好立即向你的醫(yī)生咨詢。A. convince 使信服；B. consult咨詢；C. avoid 防止；D. affect影響。應(yīng)選B。13. D。A選項“加速，B選項“進步，C選項“表現(xiàn)，D選項“開展。句意為：學(xué)校是一個活潑的地方，在這里每個人都被鼓勵去發(fā)揮潛力。根據(jù)語意選D。14. B。句意：為了可以不被聽到，她手指向上指，示意有人正在樓上走動。 whisper 低聲說，私語；signal 發(fā)信號，用手勢示意；declare 正式聲稱；complain 抱怨。應(yīng)選B。15. C。句意：毫無疑問，這位候選人的優(yōu)勢在于他可以用英語和外國人交流。leave out 遺漏，省略；go

13、 against 違犯，與作對；lies in 在于；makes up 編造，組成，化裝，彌補。應(yīng)選C。16. B。句意：看，你的電腦又壞了！只為省幾美元買最廉價牌子的電腦是沒有意義的。固定搭配：make sense有意義。應(yīng)選B。語法講解：高考對動詞和動詞短語的考察主要從詞義入手，考察動詞和動詞短語的詞義、動詞與介詞或者副詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配。題干簡潔，意義明晰，提供了足夠的信息和語境。要求同學(xué)們掌握動詞的意義和用法，并能在真實的語境中對同義詞和近義詞進展辨析；掌握動詞短語和短語動詞的意義和用法，能對常用動詞與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語進展辨析。動詞概述 動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，在句中常起著連接主語

14、和句子其他部分的作用。區(qū)別一個句子是否完好的方法之一就是區(qū)分是否有能做謂語的動詞。有些句子有一個或多個動詞，但是一個完好的句子一般至少需要一個動詞。動詞是英語最復(fù)雜的一種詞類。根據(jù)其在句中的功能，動詞可分為四類，分別是：實義動詞、系動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞注意：有些動詞是兼類詞。We are having a meeting. having是實義動詞He has gone to New York.has是助動詞They work hard every day. work是實義動詞They look happy. look為系動詞They can go home now. can為情態(tài)動詞及物動詞

15、和不及物動詞根據(jù)其后是否可以帶賓語，動詞可分為兩類，分別是：及物動詞、不及物動詞，縮寫形式分別為vt.和vi. 同一動詞有時可用作及物動詞，有時可用作不及物動詞。只有及物動詞才有被動語態(tài)，因為只有及物動詞才有動作的承受者。She can dance and sing. sing在此用作不及物動詞。She can sing many English songs.sing用作及物動詞。You should improve your English. improve為及物動詞。Can you lend me two yuan? lend用作及物動詞，帶雙賓語。限定動詞和非限定動詞 根據(jù)是否受主語的人

16、稱和數(shù)的限制，可分為限定動詞和非限定動詞。先動動詞在句中做謂語，可與情態(tài)動詞或助動詞連用，與主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。She sings very well.sing受主語she的限制，故用第三人稱單數(shù)形式sings。I can manage it myself.They sat together around the table.Someone wants to see you.非限定動詞有三種：不定式包括帶to的不定式和不帶to的不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式。他們在句中不起謂語的作用，可以充當(dāng)句中的主語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、補語等。他們不受主語的人稱和數(shù)的限制。She wa

17、nts to learn English well. to learn不受主語she的限制，沒有詞形變化，是非限定動詞。Doing this can save a lot of time and money. -ing形式作句子的主語Looking at those beautiful mountains and rivers, I felt relaxed. looking at.作句子的狀語He stopped to have a rest. 不定式作目的狀語I must get my bike repaired. -ed形式作句子的補語單字詞、動詞短語、短語動詞根據(jù)動詞的組成形式，可分為

18、三類，分別是：單字詞、動詞短語和短語動詞。 短語動詞多由動詞加副詞構(gòu)成，動詞短語多由動詞加介詞構(gòu)成，相當(dāng)于一個實義動詞，而不是各個詞義的簡單相加。他們之間的區(qū)別是：動詞短語相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，必須接賓語意義才完好，如pay attention to；短語動詞并非都接賓語，如adapt to接賓語；go out不接賓語。動詞短語接賓語時，無論賓語為代詞還是名詞，一律放在介詞后 look after it；及物的短語動詞接代詞做賓語時，代詞賓語必須放在動詞和副詞之間turn it down，接名詞作賓語那么無此限制。有些動詞短語可以在動詞和介詞之間參加副詞look carefully at the

19、 person；短語動詞那么不行break down。Students should learn to look up new words in dictionaries. look up是短語動詞The young ought to take care of the old. take care of是動詞短語動詞五種形態(tài)動詞有五種形態(tài)分別是：原形、第三人稱單數(shù)形式、過去式、過去分詞、如今分詞。同學(xué)們必須熟記動詞各種形式的變化規(guī)那么，對于常見的不規(guī)那么動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式、如今分詞、過去式、過去分詞形式要記熟。We go to school every day. go為動詞原形He goe

20、s to school every day. goes為動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式He went to school yesterday. went為動詞過去式The book is interesting. interesting為如今分詞Im interested in the book. interested為過去分詞系動詞  系動詞也稱連系動詞Link Verb，作為系動詞，它本身有詞義，但不能單獨用作謂語，后邊必須跟表語也稱補足語，構(gòu)成系表構(gòu)造說明主語的狀況、性質(zhì)、特征等情況。有些系動詞又是實義動詞，該動詞表達實義時，有詞義，可單獨作謂語，例如：He fell ill yeste

21、rday.fell是系動詞，后跟補足語/表語，說明主語情況。He fell off the ladder.fell是實義動詞，單獨作謂語系動詞分為六類：狀態(tài)系動詞：用來表示主語狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，例如：He is a teacher. is與補足語一起說明主語的身份。持續(xù)系動詞：用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：He always kept silent at meetings. This matter remains a mystery. 表像系動詞：用來表示“看起來像這一概念，主要有seem, appear,

22、look, 例如：He looks tired. He seems to be very sad.感官系動詞：感官系動詞主要有feel, smell, sound, tasteThis kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet.變化系動詞：這些系動詞表示主語變成什么樣，變化系動詞主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, runHe became mad after that. She grew rich within a short time.終止系動詞:表示主語已終止動

23、作，主要有prove, turn out, 表達"證實"，"變成"之意，例如The rumor proved false.The search proved difficult. His plan turned out a success.實義動詞 實義動詞意義完全，可以獨立用作謂語，是動詞詞組的中心詞。I came across him in the street yesterday.When do will you attend your next exam?助動詞助動詞本身無詞匯意義，不能單獨用作謂語，協(xié)助主要動詞構(gòu)成謂語動詞詞組。助動詞可大致分為

24、三類：根本助動詞do，be，have；情態(tài)助動詞can，could，may，might，will，would，shall，should，ought to，need，dare等；半助動詞be going to，be able to，have to，used to，happen to，seem to等。最常用的助動詞有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would例如： He doesnt like English. doesnt是助動詞，無詞義，幫助構(gòu)成否認句型；like是主要動詞，有詞義Your letter has been received. has為助

25、動詞，幫助構(gòu)成如今完成時It will be my birthday next Monday. will為助動詞，幫助構(gòu)成一般將來時助動詞功能：表示時態(tài)：He is singing. He has got married.表示語態(tài)：He was sent to England.構(gòu)成疑問句：Do you like college life?Did you study English before you came here? 與否認副詞not合用：I dont like him. 加強語氣：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.He did know tha

26、t.助動詞be的用法 助動詞be有多種變化形式，is，am，are，was，were，being，been，to be.be +如今分詞，構(gòu)成進展時態(tài)：They are having a meeting.English is becoming more and more important. “be + 過去分詞構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)：The window was broken by Tom. English is taught throughout the world.“be + 動詞不定式用法：表示最近、將來的方案或安排He is to go to New York next week.W

27、e are to teach the students some living skills.表示命令You are to explain this. He is to come to the office this afternoon.征求意見How am I to answer him?Who is to go there?表示相約、商定 We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow.用于代替上文，以免重復(fù)：Are you going to see the film?Yes, I am.助動詞have的用法 have +過

28、去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時態(tài)：He has left for London.By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work.have + been +如今分詞，構(gòu)成完成進展時I have been studying English for ten years.have + been +過去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動語態(tài)：English has been taught in China for many years.助動詞do 的用法 構(gòu)成一般疑問句Do you want to pass the NMET? Did you

29、 study German?do + not 構(gòu)成否認句 I do not want to be criticized. He doesn't like to study.In the past, many students did not know the importance of English.構(gòu)成否認祈使句Don't go there.Don't be so absent-minded.注意：構(gòu)成否認祈使句只用do，不用did和does。 放在動詞原形前，加強該動詞的語氣：Do come to my birthday party.I did go there.

30、I do miss you.用于倒裝句：Never did I hear of such a thing. Only when we begin our college life do we realize the importance of English.引導(dǎo)此類倒裝句的副詞有never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so等。用作代動詞：Do you like Beijing?Yes, I do.do用作代動詞，代替like Beijing.He said he would go there and he did.I like swimming. So do

31、es Tom. does代替like swimming助動詞shall和will的用法 shall和will作為助動詞可以與動詞原形一起構(gòu)成一般將來時：I shall study harder at English.He will go to Shanghai.注意：在過去的語法中，語法學(xué)家說shall用于第一人稱，will 只用于第二、第三人稱。如今，尤其是在口語中，will常用于第一人稱，但shall只用于第一人稱，如用于第二、第三人稱，就失去助動詞的意義，已變?yōu)榍閼B(tài)動詞，試比較:He shall come.shall有命令的意味。He will come.will只與動詞原形構(gòu)

32、成一般將來時。助動詞should, would的用法 should無詞義，只是shall的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，只用于第一人稱，例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I should do next week.would也無詞義，是will的過去形式，與動詞原形構(gòu)成過去將來時，用于第二、第三人稱。“I will go, he said. He said he would come.?？紕釉~短語：1. breakbreak away from 突然逃離；斷絕往來，脫離；改掉，破除break down 機器等壞了；方案等失??；談

33、話等中斷；安康等變壞；感情失去控制break in 突然進來，強行進入；插嘴，打岔；訓(xùn)練，使適應(yīng)break into 強行進入；突然起來；打斷，插嘴；占用時間break off 停頓講話；暫停，休息；使折斷break out 火災(zāi)、戰(zhàn)爭等突然發(fā)生，爆發(fā)break through 打破；抑制，征服；強行穿過；太陽等從云層里出來break up 解散，驅(qū)散；學(xué)校等放假；完畢，破裂；擊碎；絕交break with 與絕交，與分裂2. bringbring about 引起，實現(xiàn)，導(dǎo)致bring around 使改變觀點或看法；使清醒；順便把某人帶來串門bring back 送還；使想起，使恢復(fù)bri

34、ng down 擊落；打死，打傷；使倒下；降低bring forth 產(chǎn)生，引起，結(jié)果bring in 收獲；獲利；介紹，引進；聘請；逮捕bring off 從船上救出；設(shè)法做成bring on 帶來，引起；促使生長；幫助進步bring out 取出，拿出；顯示出，使出來；出版bring over 說服，使改變思想等bring through 使度過困難，危機等bring together 使和解bring up 提出，提起；撫養(yǎng)，培養(yǎng)；嘔吐3. callcall at 車船等停靠；到某地拜訪call away 叫走，叫開；轉(zhuǎn)移注意力等call back 喚回，叫回；回 ，再打 call fo

35、r 喊某人來，喊人取來某物；來或去取某物，來或去接某人；需要，要求call in 叫進，請進；找來，請來；來訪call off 叫走，轉(zhuǎn)移開；取消，不舉行call on upon 拜訪，看望call out 大聲叫喊；叫出去；召喚，請來，調(diào)去call up 給打 ；想起，回憶起4. comecome about 某情況發(fā)生come across 被理解不及物；給予印象不及物；偶爾發(fā)現(xiàn)或遇見come along 一道去；趕快come for 來取，來拿，來找come on 跟著來，快點，來吧come out 出來，出現(xiàn)，開花come over 來訪，來玩come to 來到，來參加；合計；有意義

36、，有價值；清醒；談到，說到5. cutcut down 砍倒；削減，壓縮，縮減cut in 插入，插話；插隊，超車cut off 切斷，隔斷，斷絕cut out 剪成，戒掉cut up 切碎；鞭撻；殲滅6. diedie away 聲音、風(fēng)、光線等漸息，漸弱die down 漸漸熄滅，平靜下來die off 一個一個地死去die out 家族、風(fēng)俗、觀念等滅絕，絕跡7. fixfix on 選定，確定，決定fix sb. up with 為某人安排或提供fix up 決定，安排；清理，修理，整理8. getget about around 到處走動，旅行；傳播，流傳get along 分開；相

37、處；進展get away 分開，逃離；逃避責(zé)罰，免受處分get back 返回；取回get down 下來，取下，放下，寫下，打下，吞下get down to 開場做，認真處理get in 進站，到達；請來；插話；收獲get off 起飛，動身，出發(fā)；下班，下車；從輕處分，被放過get on 上車；進展，進展；相處get out 出來，出去，分開；拿出，取出；出版，發(fā)表；泄漏，傳出get out of 逃避，躲掉；使說出；放棄，戒除get over 走過，越過，渡過；抑制，戰(zhàn)勝；恢復(fù)，痊愈get through 做完，用完，吃完；通過考試，接通 ，度過時間get together 聚會，聯(lián)歡get up 起床，起身；打扮；舉辦9. givegive away 分發(fā)，贈送；背棄；暴露give in 上交；讓步，投降give off 發(fā)出光、熱、聲音、氣味等give out 分發(fā)，散發(fā)；用完；垮掉；失靈，出故障；發(fā)表；發(fā)出熱、聲音等give up 放棄，戒掉；交出，讓出；投降，認輸10. gogo away