有機化學專業(yè)英語

1、精品烷基Alkyl?lkil芳基aryl?ril甲基methyl?meOil亞甲基methylene?me0ili:n乙基ethyl更Oil,?0?l丙基propyl?pr?upil異丙基isopropyl?ais?u?pr?upil丁基butyl?bju:til戊基pentyl?pentil己基hexyl?heksil庚基heptyl?heptil辛基octyl?kt?l壬基nonyl?n?nil奎基decyl'des?l叔丁基tert-butyl異丁基iso-butyldi:'sil環(huán)戊基cyclopentyl環(huán)己基甲氧基methoxyl'met?ks?l乙氧基et

2、hoxyle?0ksilcyclohexyl丁氧基butoxyl?；鵤cyl?sil甲?；鵩ormyl?f?:mil乙?；鵤cetyl?sitil乙烯基vinyl?va?n?l或ethenyl丁烯基butenyl?bjut?nil己烯基hexenyl庚烯基heptenyl?hept?nil烯丙基allyl?lil乙煥基ethinyle?ainil或alkynyl硝基nitro?naitr?u亞硝基nitrosonai?tr?us?u氨基amino?mi:n?,?m?n?二氨基diamino亞氨基imino?imin?u,i?mi:n?u重氮基diazodai?z?u苯基phenyl?fen?l

3、,?fi:n?l,?fi:nil芐基benzyl?benzil或phenmethylfin?meOil苯乙基phenethylfen更8R乙氧苯基ethoxyphenyl苯胺基anilino?nili:n?；鵦arbonyl爾a:b?nil竣基carboxylka:?）?ksil聯(lián)苯基biphenylbai?fenl甲?；鵩ormyl?f?:mil苯酰，苯甲酰benzoyl'benz?l脒基guanylil羥基hydroxylhai?dr?ksil烷氧基alkoxy?l?k?ksi或alkoxylgroup芳基arylgroup二芳基diarylgroupdai?ril吡啶基pyrid

4、yl?piridil三苯甲基trityl'tra?tl二苯甲基benzhydrylbena?d'ra?l氨基甲?；鵦arbamoylka:'b?m?l三甲基硅基trimethylsilyl煥丙基propargylpr?'pa:d?丙酮基（乙酰甲基）acetonyl'?s?t?n?l正n，normal異iso令B位ortho-?0?u間位meta-'m?t?對位para-®a:r?伯Primary'praim?ri仲Secondary'sek?nd?ri叔Tertiary't?:?ritert-季碳quaterna

5、rykw?t?:n?ricarbon一，單mono-二di-，雙bis，bi（化學中只有碳酸氫根才用bi，如bicarbonate三tri-，trisbai爾a:b?nit）四tetra-四quadric-五penta-六hexa-五quinque-七hepta-八octa-九nona-十deca-'d?k?七septi十一undeca，hendeca-十二dodeca-十三trideca-十四tetradeca十五pentadeca-十六hexadeca-十七heptadeca-順式，cis-同，共syn反式trans有機化合物類名AliphaticcompoundHydrocarb

6、onAlkane烷Wax蠟Paraffinwaxarene芳烴Alkene烯Alkyne炔?lkainAcetylide炔化物Activehydrogencompounds物acid?sidCarbonacid碳氫酸Superacid超酸Diene雙烯?daii:n脂肪族化合物碳氫化合物?ha ?dr ?% a:b ?n石蠟活潑氫化合Triene三烯?traii:nAllene丙二烯?li:nPropylene丙烯cumulene累積多烯Enyne烯炔e?ni:nDiyne二炔Alkylhalide鹵代烷?lkil?h?laidAlcohol醇Homoallylicalcohol高烯丙醇Eth

7、er醴?:8?Ester酯兔st?Ketone酮Aldehyde醛?ldihaidEpoxide環(huán)氧化物e?p?ksaidSulfone碉&?lf?unSulfoxide亞砜Sulfonicacid磺酸Carboxylicacid羧酸Cellosolve溶纖劑Crownether冠醚Nitrocompound硝基化合物Amine胺感謝下載載Quaternaryammoniumcompound季銨化合物Amineoxide氧化胺Diazoalkane重氮烷da?,?z?'?lke?nMercaptan硫醇Aldehydehydrate醛水合物Ketonehydrate酮水合物He

8、miacetal半縮醛?hemi?sit?lAcetal縮醛acetal化乙縮醛,乙縮醛二乙醇?sit?lKetal縮酮?ki:t?lthiazole曝嘎?ai?2?ulDithiane二曝烷dai?ai?nAminal縮醛胺;動物imine亞胺Aldimine醛亞胺Oxime肟nitrosocompound亞硝基化合物aldoxime醛肟，乙醛肟?l?d?ksi:mHydrazone腙?haidr?z?unAzine嗪?zi:nSemicarbazone縮氯基脲Cyanohydrin羥腈,氰醇?sai?n?u?haidrinPinacol頻哪醇Enol烯醇?i:n?lEnolether烯醇醚

9、Enolester烯醇酯?i:n?l?est?Enamine烯胺i?n?minYnamine炔胺Mannichbase曼尼希堿orthoester原酸酯Acylhalide酰鹵?silAcylfluoride酰氟Acylchloride酰氯Acylbromide酰溴Acyliodide酰碘?ai?daidCarbobenzoxychloride芐氧甲酰氯Acyltosylate?；鶎妆交撬狒鸎etene乙烯酮?ki:ti:nPeracid過酸Perester過酸酯Acylperoxide?；^氧化物Nitrile 睛?12代間1Thioester硫代酸酯?ai?u?ist?acetonitr

10、ile乙腈?sit?u?naitril或methylcyanide?sa?na?dNitrileoxide氧化腈Isonitrile異腈，異氰化物Amide酰胺?maidImide二酰亞胺?imaidN-bromocompoundN-溴化物Hydrazide酰肼Azide疊氮化物?zaid,?eizidAcylazide?；B氮?sil?zaid,?eizidAmidine脒?mi?di:nKetoester酮酸酯Acylcyanide酰腈?sil?sa?na?dCarbonsuboxide二氧化三碳Glycidicacid環(huán)氧丙酸Carbammicacid氨基甲酸Carbamate氨基甲酸酯

11、爾a:b?meitUrea脲，尿素Cyanamide氨腈sai?n?maidCarbodiimide碳二亞胺,ka:b?dai'imaidThiolacid硫埃酸?ai?uLactone內(nèi)酯?l?kt?unLactol內(nèi)半縮醛?l?kt?lMacrolide大環(huán)內(nèi)酯?m?kr?laidAminoacid氨基酸Zwitterion兩性離子?tsvit?rai?nInnersalt內(nèi)鹽Betaine甜菜堿?bi:t?i:nLactam內(nèi)酰胺?l?kt?mHydantoin或glycolylurea乙內(nèi)酰脲hai?d?nt?winHydration水合，水合作用ha?'dre?nPe

12、ptide肽?pep?ta?dGlycol乙二醇Aldol羥醛?ld?ulAcyloin偶姻，酮醇?sil?uinacyloincondensation酮醇縮合Carbohydrate碳水化合物Aldose醛糖?ld?usKetose酮糖?ki:t?usAllophanate 脲基甲酸酯Furanose呋喃糖?fju?r?n?usPyranose吡喃糖?pai?r?n?usGlycoside糖音?如ik?saidGlucoside葡萄糖苷Aglycon昔元?laik?nSaccharide糖類?s?k?raidOligosaccharide寡糖?ig?u?3?k?raidPolysacchar

13、ide多糖p?li?s?k?raidAlditol糖醇?ldit?lOsazone脎?us?z?unAlicycliccompound脂環(huán)化合物?li?siklikCycloalkane環(huán)烷Cycloalkene環(huán)烯Spirane螺烷?spai?reinCagecompound籠型化合物Propellane螺槳烷Rotazane輪烷Catenane索烴?k?tneinFusedring稠環(huán)fju:zdri?化學專業(yè)英語詞匯常用前后綴-acetal醛縮醇acetal-乙酰acid酸-al醛alcohol醇-aldehyde醛alkali-堿allyl丙烯基'alkoxy-烷氧基Metho

14、xy甲氧基的-amide酰胺amino-氨基的?mi:n?,?m?n?-amidine脒?mi?di:n-amine胺-ane烷anhydride酐?n?haidraidanilino-苯胺基?nili:naquo-含水a(chǎn)queous水的，水成的?eikwi?s-ase酶-ate含氧酸的鹽、酯-atriyne三炔azo-偶氮?z?uazoxy-氧化偶氮-N=N(O)-hydrazo-氫化偶氮-NH-NH-epoxy-環(huán)氧benzene苯?ben?zi:n,ben?zi:n-ester酯bi-在鹽類前表示酸式鹽-ether醚bis-雙ethoxy-乙氧基-borane硼烷?b?ureinethy

15、l乙基bromo-溴fluoro-或fluor-氟代butyl丁基.-form仿-carbinol甲醇-glycol二醇carbonyl羰基hemi-半-caboxylicacid羧酸hendeca-十一centi-10-2hepta-七chloro-氯代heptadeca-十七cis-順式hexa-六condensed縮合的、冷凝的hexadeca-十六cyclo-環(huán)-hydrin醇deca-十hydro-氫或水deci10-1hydroxyl羥基di二hypo-低級的，次-dine啶-ic酸的，高價金屬dodeca-十二-ide無氧酸的鹽，酰替胺，酐-ene烯-il偶酰epi-表-imin

16、e亞胺/iodineiodo- 碘代iso- 異，等，同-ite 亞酸鹽碘octadeca-十八-oic酸的-ol醇9a$f!Q,H:5n&G-one酮ortho-鄰，正，原-ous亞酸的，低價金屬keto-酮oxa-氧雜ketone 酮-lactone 內(nèi)酯mega- 106meta- 間，偏methoxy- 甲氧基methyl 甲基micro- 10-6milli- 10-3mono- ( mon-) 一，單nano- 10-9nitro- 硝基nitroso- 亞硝基nona- 九nonadeca- 十九octa- 八-oxide氧化合物-oxime肟oxo-酮oxy-氧化-oy

17、l酰para-對位，仲penta-五pentadeca-十五per-高，過petro-石油phenol苯酚?fi:n?lphenyl苯基pico-10-12poly- 聚，多quadri- 四quinque- 五semi- 半septi- 七sesqui 一個半sulfa- 磺胺 sym- 對稱syn- 順式，同，共ter- 三 -tetra- 四tetradeca- 十四tetrakis- 四個thio- 硫代 trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trans- 反式，超，跨tri- 三trideca- 十三tris- 三個undeca- 十一 .Alkylation烷基化C-alkylat

18、ionC-烷基化O-alkylationO-烷基化N-alkylationN-烷基化Silylation硅烷基化Exhaustivemethylation徹底甲基化Secoalkylation斷裂烷基化Demethylation脫甲基化Ethylation乙基化Arylation芳基化Acylation?；疐ormylation甲?；疌arbalkoxylation烷氧羰基化Carboamidation氨羰基化Carboxylation羧基化Amination氨基化Bisamination雙氨基化Cinesubstitution移位取代Transamination氨基交換Hydroxylati

19、on羥基化acyloxyation酰氧基化Decarboxylativenitration脫羧鹵化Allylichalogenation烯丙型鹵化?dai?z?uni?mDehalogenation脫鹵Cross-couplingreaction交叉偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)Nitration硝化1,4-addition1，4-加成Decarboxylativenitration脫羧硝化C-CPi-bondC-Cn鍵Nitrosation亞硝化Conjugateaddition共軛加成?k?nd?ge?Sulfonation磺化tChlorosulfonation氯磺?；疍imerization二聚Desulf

20、onation脫磺酸基Trimefization三聚Sulfenylation亞磺?；疉dditivedimerization加成二聚Sulfonylation磺?；疭ulfurize使硫化Chlorosulfenation氯亞磺?；疌hlorocarbonylation氯羰基化sulfurization硫化Diazotization重氮化dai?z?tai?zei?nSelenylation硒化Diazotransfer重氮基轉(zhuǎn)移Hydroboration硼氫化?haidr?u?b?:?rei?nCouplingreaction偶聯(lián)反應(yīng)Oxyamination羥氨基化uni-單，一Inser

21、tion插入unsym-不對稱的，偏位carbonylation羧基化-yl基Hydroformylation加氫甲?；?ylene撐（二價基，價在不同原子上）Hydroacylation加氫?；?yne炔Oxoprocess羰基合成Decarbonylation脫談di:伙a:b?n?ei?nDiazoniumcoupling重氮偶聯(lián)Hydrocarboxylation氫羧基化Homologization同系化Cyanoethylation氰乙基化Decyanoethylation脫氰乙基Ringclosure環(huán)合，閉環(huán)Dienesynthesis雙烯合成Dienophile親雙烯體End

22、oaddition內(nèi)型加成Exoaddition外型加成Diels-Alderreaction第爾斯-爾德反應(yīng)RetroDiels-Alderreaction逆第爾斯-阿爾德反應(yīng)Enesynthesis單烯合成Anioniccycloaddition負離子環(huán)加成Dipolaraddition偶極加成Dehydrohalogenation脫鹵化氫Deamination脫氨基Pyrolyticelimination熱解消除Elimination-addition消除-加成Decarboxylation脫羧Decarboxamidation脫酰胺Decyanation脫氰基Alkylolysis,a

23、lkylcleavage烷基裂解Acylolysis,acylcleavage?；呀釬lashpyrolysis閃熱裂Fragmentation碎裂Chiletropicreaction螯鍵反應(yīng)Chelation螯環(huán)化Esterification酯化Transesterification酯交換Saponification皂化Alcoholysis醇解Ethanolysis乙醇解Cyanomethylation氰甲基化Aminomethylation氨甲基化Hydroxymethylation羥甲基化Hydroxyalkylation羥烷基化Cholromethylation氯甲基化Haloa

24、lkylation鹵烷基化Transacetalation縮醛交換Enolization烯醇化Haloformreaction鹵仿反應(yīng)Condensation縮合Aldolcondensation羥醛縮合Crossaldolcondensation交叉羥醛縮合Retrograde aldol condensation 逆羥醛縮合Acyloin condensation 偶姻縮合Cyclization 環(huán)化Annulation,annelation 增環(huán)反應(yīng)Spiroannulation 螺增環(huán)Autoxidation 自氧化Allylic hydroperoxylation 烯丙型氫過氧化Ep

25、oxidation 環(huán)氧化Oxonolysis 臭氧解Electrochemical oxidation 電化學氧化Oxidative decarboxylation 氧化脫羧Aromatization 芳構(gòu)化Catalytic hydrogenation 催化氫化Heterogeneous hydrogenation 多相氫化Homogeneous hydrogenation 均相氫化Catalytic dehydrogenation 催化脫氫Transfer hydrogenation 轉(zhuǎn)移氫化Hydrogenolysis 氫解Dissolving metal reduction 溶解金屬

26、還原Single electron transfer 單電子轉(zhuǎn)移Bimolecular reduction 雙分子還原Electrochemicalreduction電化學還原Reductivealkylation還原烷基化Reductiveacylation還原?；疪eductivedimerization還原二聚Deoxygenation脫氧Desulfurization脫硫Deselenization脫硒Mitallation金屬化Lithiation鋰化Hydrometallation氫金屬化Mercuration汞化Oxymercuration羥汞化Aminomercuration氨

27、汞化Abstraction奪取反應(yīng)Internalabstraction內(nèi)奪取反應(yīng)Rearrangement重排Prototropicrearrangement質(zhì)了轉(zhuǎn)移重排Doublebondmigration雙鍵移位Allylicmigration烯丙型重排Allylicmigration烯丙型遷移Ringcontraction環(huán)縮小反應(yīng)Ringexpansion,ringenlargement擴環(huán)反應(yīng)Electrophilicrearrangement親電重排-ketolrearrangement-酮醇重排Photosensitization光敏化Pinacolrearrangement頻

28、哪醇重排Forbiddentransition禁阻躍遷Retropinacolrearrangement逆頻哪醇重排photooxidation光氧化Photoisomerization光異構(gòu)化Semipinacolrearrangement半頻哪醇重排Photochemicalrearrangement光化學重排Angularmethylgroup角甲基Benzilicrearrangement二苯乙醇酸重排Alkylidenegroup亞烷基?l?kil?di:nAcylrearrangement酰基重排Methylene亞甲基?me0ili:nMigratoryaptitude遷移傾向A

29、llylgroup烯丙基Transannularinsertion跨環(huán)插入Allylic烯丙型的?l?likTransannularrearrangement跨環(huán)重排Phenylgroup苯基?fen?l,?fi:n?l,?fi:nilMigration遷移Arylgroup芳基Prototropy質(zhì)子轉(zhuǎn)移Benzylgroup芐基Cationotropicrearrangement正離子轉(zhuǎn)移Benzylic芐型的重排Activatinggroup活化基團Anionotropy負離子轉(zhuǎn)移Chromophore生色團?kr?um?f?:Anionotropicrearrangement負離子轉(zhuǎn)移

30、Auxochrome助色團?:ks?kr?um重Magneticallyanisotropicgroup磁各向異Sigmatropicrearrangement-遷移重排性基團?nais?u?tr?pikHomosigmatropicrearrangement同遷移Smallyring小環(huán)重排Commonring普通環(huán)Mediumring中環(huán)?mi:dj?mLargering大環(huán)Bridged-ringsystem橋環(huán)體系Spirocompound螺環(huán)化合物Helicalmolecule螺旋型分子Octahedralcompound八面體化合物Conjugation共軛Conjugated-s

31、ystem共軛體系A(chǔ)cylcation?；x子Benzyliccation芐基正離子?k?tai?nAreniumion芳基正離子或arylcationKetylradical羰自由基Radicalion自由基離子?ai?nRadicalcation自由基正離子Radicalanion自由基負離子?nai?nIsomerism異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Acidform酸式Fluxionalstructure循變結(jié)構(gòu)Stereochemistry立體化學Opticalactivity光學活性，旋光性Dextroisomer右旋異構(gòu)體Laevoisomer左旋異構(gòu)體Tetrahedralconfiguration

32、四面體構(gòu)型Stereoisomerism立體異構(gòu)現(xiàn)象Asymmetricatom不對稱原子Asymmetriccarbon不對稱碳Pseudoasymmetriccarbon假不對稱碳Phantomatom虛擬原子Homotopic等位的Heterotopic異位的Enantiotopic對映異構(gòu)體的Diastereotopic非對映異構(gòu)體的?dai?sti?ri?t?pikConfiguration構(gòu)型k?nfigju才ei?nAbsoluteconfiguration絕對構(gòu)型Chirality手性Chiral手性的英?t?ir?l美?ka?r?lChiralcenter手性中心Chiral

33、molecule手性分子Achiral非手性的ei'kair?lFischerprojection費歇爾投影式Neomanprojection紐曼投影式D-LsystemofnomenclatureD-L命名體系R-SsyytemofnomenclatureR-S命名體系Cahn-Ingold-Prelonsequence順序規(guī)則Symmetryfactor對稱因素Planeofsymmetry對稱面Mirrorsymmetry鏡面對稱Enantiomer對映異構(gòu)體Diastereomer非對映異構(gòu)體Epimer差向異構(gòu)體Anomer端基差向異構(gòu)體Erythroconfiguratio

34、n赤型構(gòu)型Erythroisomer赤型異構(gòu)體Threoconfiguration蘇型構(gòu)型Threoisomer蘇型異構(gòu)體Trigonalcarbon三角型碳Cis-transisomerism順反異構(gòu)EisomerE異構(gòu)體ZisomerZ異構(gòu)體Endoisomer內(nèi)型異構(gòu)體Exoisomer外型異構(gòu)體Prochirality前手性Pro-Rgroup前R基團Pro-Sproup前S基團RefaceRe面SifaceSi面Racemicmixture外消旋混合物Racemiccompound外消旋化合物Racemicsolidsolution外消旋固體溶液Mesocompound內(nèi)消旋化合物Q

35、uasirecemate準外消旋體?wa：zi（：）,爾weisaiConformation構(gòu)象Conformational構(gòu)象的Torsionangle扭轉(zhuǎn)角Rotamer旋轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Anticonformation反式構(gòu)象Bisectingconformation等分構(gòu)象Antiperiplanarconformation反疊構(gòu)象Synperiplanarconformation順疊構(gòu)象Cisoidconformation順向構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation反錯構(gòu)象Synclinalconformation順錯構(gòu)象Eclipsedconformation重疊構(gòu)象Gaucheco

36、nformation,skewcon-formation鄰位交叉構(gòu)象Staggeredconformation對位交叉構(gòu)象Stericeffect空間效應(yīng)?sti?rik,?sterikSterichindrance位阻Atropismer阻轉(zhuǎn)異構(gòu)體Puckeredring折疊環(huán)Conformationalinversion構(gòu)象反轉(zhuǎn)Chairconformation椅型構(gòu)象Boatconformation船型構(gòu)象Twistconformation扭型構(gòu)象Skewboatconformation扭船型構(gòu)象Half-chairconformation半椅型構(gòu)象Pseudorotation假旋轉(zhuǎn)En

37、velopeconformation信封型構(gòu)象Axialbond直立鍵?ksi:?lEquatorialbond平伏鍵?i:kw?t?:ri:?l,-?t?r-,?ekw?-Transoidconformation反向構(gòu)象Retentionofconfiguration構(gòu)型保持Regioselectivity區(qū)域選擇性Regiospecificity區(qū)域?qū)Ｒ恍許tereocelectivity立體選擇性Stereospecificty立體專一性Conformer構(gòu)象異構(gòu)體Conformationaleffect構(gòu)象效應(yīng)Cramsrube克拉姆規(guī)則Prelogrule普雷洛格規(guī)則Stereoch

38、emicalorientation立體化學取向Conformationaltransmission構(gòu)象傳遞Homolog同系物Ipsoposition本位Orthoposition鄰位Metaposition間位Paraposition對位Amphiposition遠位Periposition近位Trigonalhybridization三角雜化Molecularorbiralmethod分子軌道法Valencebondmethod價鍵法Delocalezedbond離域鍵Crossconjugation交叉共軛Vinylog插烯物Mesomericeffect中介效應(yīng)Resonance共振?

39、rez?n?nsResonanceeffect共振效應(yīng)Hyperconjugation超共軛Isovalenthyperconjugation等價超共軛No-bondresonance無鍵共振Aromaticity芳香性Aromaticsexter芳香六隅Huckelrule休克爾規(guī)則Paramagneticringcurrent順磁環(huán)電流Diamagneticringcruuent抗磁環(huán)電流Homoaromaticity同芳香性Antiaromaticity反芳香性Alternanthydrocarbon交替烴Non-alternanthydrocarbon非交替烷Pericyclicrea

40、ction周環(huán)反應(yīng)Electrocyclicrearrangement電環(huán)化重排Conrotatory順旋Disroatatory對旋Cycloaddition環(huán)加成Symmetryforbidden-reaction對稱禁阻反應(yīng)Synfacialreaction同面反應(yīng)Antarafacialreaction異面反應(yīng)Mobiussystem默比烏斯體系Leoisstructure路易斯結(jié)構(gòu)Coordinate-covalentbond配位共價鍵Bananabond香蕉鍵Paulingelectronegativityscale鮑林電負性標度Polarizability可極化性Inductiv

41、eeffect誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)Fieldeffect場效應(yīng)Electricaleffect電場效應(yīng)tautomerism互變異構(gòu)Tautomerization互變異構(gòu)化Keto-enoltautomerism酮-烯醇互變異構(gòu)Phenol-ketotautomerism酚-酮互變異構(gòu)Imine-enamineatutomerism亞胺-烯胺互變異構(gòu)Kineticcontrol動力學控制Ring-chaintautomerism環(huán)-鏈互變異構(gòu)Thermodynamiccontrol熱力學控制Valencetautomerism價互變異構(gòu)Substrate底物Ambident兩可的Intermediate中

42、間體Solventeffect溶劑效應(yīng)Reactiveintermediate活潑中間體Acid-basecatalyxedreaction酸性溶劑Microscopicreversibility微觀可逆性Basicsolvent堿性溶劑Hammondpostulate哈蒙德假說Dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)Linearfreeenergy線性自由能Solvatedelectron溶劑化電子Non-bondedinteraction非鍵相互作用Acid-basecatalyzedreaction酸堿催化反Torsionaleffect扭轉(zhuǎn)效應(yīng)應(yīng)Pitzerstrain皮策張力Co

43、njugatebase共軛酸Restrictedrotation阻礙旋轉(zhuǎn)Conjugatebase共軛堿Eclipsingeffect重疊效應(yīng)Thermodynamicacidity熱力學酸度Eclipsingstrain重疊張力Kineticacidity動力學酸度Small-anglestrain小角張力Electrondonof-acceptorcomplex,EDAcoLargeanglestrain大角張力mplex電子給體受體絡(luò)合物Transannularinteraction跨環(huán)相互作用Host主體Transannularstrain跨環(huán)張力Guest客體Istrain內(nèi)張力Pr

44、imaryisotopeeffect一級同位素效應(yīng)Fstrain前張力Secondaryisotopeeffect二級同位數(shù)效應(yīng)Bstrain后張力Inverseisotopeeffect逆同位素效應(yīng)Anomericeffect端基異構(gòu)效應(yīng)Waldeninversion瓦爾登反轉(zhuǎn)電取代Racemization外消旋化Unimolecularelimination單分子消除Isoinversion等反轉(zhuǎn)Bimolecularelimination雙分子消除Isoracemization等消旋UnimoleculareliminationthroughthecoHomochiral純手性的njug

45、atebase單分子共軛堿消除Mechanism機理BimoleculareliminationthroughtheconjUnimolecularnucleophilic單分子親核取代ugatebase雙分子共軛堿消除Bimolecularnucleophilicsub-stitution雙分子親核取代Bimoleculareliminationwithfor-mationofacarbonylgroup雙分子羰基形成消除Bimolecularnucleophilicsubsti-tution(wiUnimolecularacid-catalyzedacyl-oxygenthallylicr

46、earrange-ment)雙分子親核取代cleavage單分子酸催化酰氧斷裂（含烯丙型重排）Bimolecularbase-catalyzedacyl-oxygenInternalnucleophilicsubstiru-tion分子內(nèi)cleavage雙分子堿催化酰氧斷裂親核取代Unimolecularacid-catalyzedalkyl-oxygeAromaticnucleophilicsubstitu-tion芳香ncleavage單分子酸催化烷氧斷裂親核取代Bimllecularbase-catalyzedalkyl-oxygencUnimolecularelectrophilics

47、ub-stitutionleavage雙分子堿催化烷氧斷裂單分子親電取代Tt-allylcomplexmechanismn烯丙型絡(luò)合Bimolecularelectrophilicsubsti-tution雙機理分子親電取代Borderlinemechanism邊理機理Nucleophile-assistedunimolecu-larelectHomolysis均裂rophilicsubstitution親核體協(xié)助單分子親Heterolysis異裂芳香取代Heterolyticmichanism異裂機理Counrergegenion反荷離子Electrontransfer電子轉(zhuǎn)移Ionpair

48、離子對Electron-donatinggroup給電子基團Carbocation碳正離子爾a:b?kei?nNonclassicalcarbocation非經(jīng)典碳正離子Carbanion碳負離子我a:b?nai?nMaskedcarbanion掩蔽碳負離子Carbenoid卡賓體Carbene卡賓Nitrene氮賓aCarbine碳炔Electrophilicaddition親電加成Electrophile親電體Diaxialaddition雙直鍵加成Markovnikovsrube馬爾科夫尼科規(guī)則Anti-Markovnikovaddition反馬氏加成Michaeladdition邁克爾

49、加成Substitution取代Electrophilicsubstitution親電取代Addition-eliminationmechanism加成消除機理?mek?niz?mElectrophilicaromaticsubstitu-tion親電Electron-Withdrawinggroup吸電子基團Deactivatinggroup鈍化基團Orinentation取向Ortho-paradirectinggroup鄰對位定位基Metadirectinggroup間位定位基Orthoeffect鄰位效應(yīng)Partialratefactor分速度系數(shù)Nucleophilicreactio

50、n親核反應(yīng)Internalreturn內(nèi)返Nucleophilicity親核體Nucleophilicity親核性a-effect%效應(yīng)Backsideattack背面進攻Inversion反轉(zhuǎn)Umbrellaeffect傘效應(yīng)Push-pulleffect推拉效應(yīng)Leavinggroup離去基團Electrofuge離電體Nucleofuge離核體Phase-transfercatalysis相轉(zhuǎn)移催化Neighboringgroupparticipation鄰基基參與Neighboringproupassistance,anchimericassistance鄰助作用Neighboring

51、groupeffect鄰基效應(yīng)Apofacialreaction反面反應(yīng)Briddgeheaddisplacement橋頭取代Arylaction芳正離子Benzyne苯炔Zaitsevrule札依采夫規(guī)則Anti-Zaitsevorientation反札依采夫定向Hofmannsrule霍夫曼規(guī)則Bredtrule布雷特規(guī)則Initiation引發(fā)Anioniccleavage負離子裂解Partialbondfixation鍵的部分固定化exothermic發(fā)熱的，放出熱量的更ks?u?8:mik各種反應(yīng)類型Halogenationsreaction鹵化反應(yīng)Hydrogenationreaction氫化反應(yīng)Alkylationreaction烷基化（烴化）反應(yīng)Hydrocarbylation烴基化反應(yīng)Oxidationandreductionreaction氧化還原反Reductiveamination還原胺化反應(yīng)Cross-couplingreaction交叉耦合反應(yīng)Cycloadditionreaction環(huán)加成反應(yīng)Rearrangementreaction重排反應(yīng)Acylationreaction酰化反應(yīng)Acetylizationreaction乙?；磻?yīng)Amidereaction酰胺反應(yīng)Sulfonylation磺?；磻?yīng)Nitrationreaction硝化反應(yīng)Est