新版七年級(jí)生物上冊(cè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)填空(非常實(shí)用)

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9、idustil scieymaisana I ma"； "te ifrmain socey, reurn七年級(jí)上冊(cè)生物知識(shí)點(diǎn)第一單元 生物和生物圈1 .生物的特征：生物的生活需要 ,生物能進(jìn)行、生物能 生物能 (應(yīng)激性)、生物能 生物都有的特性，除#,生物都是由2 .地球上所有生物與其環(huán)境的總和就叫做。3 .生物的生活環(huán)境不僅是指 生物的生存空間，還包括存在于它周圍的 4 .環(huán)境中影響生物的生活和分布的因素叫做5 .影響生物生活的生態(tài)因素可分為兩類： 和A非生物因素包括：等，B生物因素包括：影響某種生物生活的 6 .“人間四月芳菲盡，山寺桃花始盛開”描寫的是 對(duì)植物生長(zhǎng)的影

10、響。7 .在高山上，海拔越高溫度越低，闊葉林分布在海拔較低的地方，針葉林分布在海拔較高的地方，說(shuō)明 對(duì)植物分布的影響;沙漠上到處是不毛之地，只有靠近水源的地方出現(xiàn)綠洲，這說(shuō)明 對(duì)植物分布的影響。8 .通過(guò)探究可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，光照會(huì)影響鼠婦、黃粉蟲等動(dòng)物的分布.溫度會(huì)影響金魚的呼吸。探究的一般過(guò)程包括> 、>(2)、在光對(duì)鼠婦生活的影響探究實(shí)驗(yàn)中，使這兩種環(huán)境中除 #,濕度、溫度等其他條件 都相同。也就是說(shuō)，只有光照是不同的，光照就是這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中的 。(3)、在研究一種條件對(duì)研究對(duì)象的影響時(shí)，所進(jìn)行的除這種條件不同以外，其他條件都相同的實(shí)驗(yàn)， 叫做 例如：探究“光對(duì)鼠婦生?S的影響”實(shí)驗(yàn)中，

11、設(shè)計(jì) ? 網(wǎng)種環(huán)境，其他條件都相同，就是對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn)。(4)、做完實(shí)驗(yàn)后，要把小動(dòng)物 在探究光對(duì)鼠婦的影響實(shí)驗(yàn)中為什么要 用10只鼠婦做實(shí)驗(yàn)而不能用一只？ 為什么要計(jì)算全班各組的平均值?9 .生物因素對(duì)生物的影響：生物和生物之間最常見的關(guān)系是： ，如七星瓢蟲捕食財(cái)蟲； 稻田中雜草和水稻爭(zhēng)奪陽(yáng)光、養(yǎng)料和水分 、例如 草盛豆苗稀； 例如螞蟻、蜜蜂等昆蟲往 往成百上千只生活在一起，組成一個(gè)大家庭，家庭之間分工合作。關(guān)系:例如菟絲子寄生在豆科植物的植株上，能寄生寄生在寄生于榆樹、樺樹、楓楊、梨樹等樹上；一些寄生蟲常寄生在動(dòng)物體 內(nèi)。10 .蚯蚓在土壤中活動(dòng)，可以使土壤疏松、“千里之堤毀于蟻穴”、“大樹底下

12、好乘涼”描述的是11駱駝的尿液非常少、當(dāng)體溫升高到46c才會(huì)出汗、荒漠中的植物駱駝刺的根系非常發(fā)達(dá)、仙人掌的葉變成針刺狀，是生物對(duì) 環(huán)境的適應(yīng)；海豹的皮下脂肪很厚是對(duì) 環(huán)境的適應(yīng)；旗形樹的樹 冠像一面旗幟是樹對(duì) 的適應(yīng)；經(jīng)常刮風(fēng)的海島上昆蟲的翅是殘缺的或無(wú)翅的，是昆蟲對(duì)風(fēng)的適應(yīng)。12.在一定的空間范圍內(nèi)，與 所形成的統(tǒng)一整體叫做生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。例如一片森林、一片草原、一塊農(nóng)田、一個(gè)湖泊、一條河流、等等都可以看作是一個(gè)個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。Now , we ae i n a ne w his oIcI stgeof alr ound cnstucin of a wel off sociey.In pefm du

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17、t; ea desiof t he cii on,te cure nt focus s t I fo_s on pr omoig cmprhe nse, cord natd and susta n*l e deel opm nt wtm or lu. ins, do moe rrseac, iummaied theypicalOeisdakd t o rasethe leel of yur prseat on. Your pree ntain i s te ma n HU of "r_cs", i s the bbsi c ca - r saf sevc, i s mpor

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19、cons de of pr obem ae to indett hink ng re - irme n* we hghlghtpa eaure, put lupeir apr 00chpol cy ad lca a ctal combi nnd u, pu prise ntain of theme t hus a nd ma ses f by thoug ht by I s t ocombi nndup； re Lui_e ns seks tse-lnedclea, wihpl e of a.uge leprrslin die wih leghho_d ric of connotain. Si

20、cond tesu<ey reu- more basetherod t s somehi ng is ou fr te Pay Comm.ies polcy ona good i dla, a m portat par of a good saf Ts yea aoudindustilXNGciy,andfames icrae, andandmapor deveIpmentandsekngma.rproblmandfseravatgein.sty a nd a dusme I t agculua strcue andcaridIs one of the pra cial form of

21、vaues.The scale d vaues refers t o Ie objetve li ngs are of nova ad the ofun. eapespectve Diffeet vaues, pepie s be aviur, ai . es, waysare dibeel Pe opl eo_nte . f_s on human vaue and realty wenee. Ie broa .est masses - va ues. A .here to pe oil eorietd vai u_,i s to make the ecnomy more . “met, m

22、prove oca a _l ura prospei y ad Ive a "pier, s -epy cncene . that human .opment a nd h a n vaues, ,ve opme nt of seal ad human. 一 ”“ of raina uHe、i nssted i nle materia civ nzton, loiial cuat on a nd «ii.a cvl zaini Ie oveal a dvacemet of Socastcivnztontah.ee Asowat tot hat person' s v

23、aue meetyounee,asoistomeetheneeds a nd the commuiy. Adee toepleore nte_ to stongy ae everycommuiy member, serve ot hers, beelcia to t he cmmuniy of pepe. The s Oul ook atu- s “the ecd, i nc ud ng Wo, how to ceae a r r. of a ceveme nts, how to evauae p erformac* and son. Wa vaues, wa kndofOutook.A.he

24、etopeopleorietdOulok,sonthe premise of respecig tIeiteessandpowerofpeople,c_Ingapopula,wam-r* sta dy hear pefrma nce , ceatng "sev of“，te be nei o" acme nt* and oveal consul*Inofwelofsoieyand pr I motig t he al r I und opl es pefma nc. Aci ev_et auat a ccmpismet, tke anote10kathefecne-of s

25、-l | rogess "a i uIanandr ua cange loth had e I vrnmet to ste ngte a id tke a I ote 10k at t he sol evi onme nt implement mome nttmof d l I pment a p e nt de pedig onte poe nia fr sustia be d lpme nt. Le pe ope t Uk a bou " <aue" ae wrt hles andla- peope to ak a bout "Outloo&q

26、uot; is not wat thepelorma4 pepe resonde d tte stat I g poi nt of te _>st on, a id e pid t o quesins poit M as the lum of sca l elainsi ps. e canot eae the chchua nyng du hous ng tui - ad eteaime nt eteta I ig a nd ee nceai n polkal e cnomi c cuual ad socil e nvrnmet ad s on. Due t human neIds al

27、 wals of ie wil cme itbbigPeopece fr thi luviva, ad coniue en，o，ngtereu- of tecnsucin. Cel orul i t I e tasf.ainof thepepe of te w o-，commun vkly iteceatonofma.TI eeore any w o. d, te sari ng poi nt s huma n, wa ae peopl. Us sed u opment, te ce I f wic s to m ee te nee of peopl, icldig suial nee-,ot

28、inaneedsandselac -一 on neds It shou d be I otd tha pe ope ae not michine s, not te sa<e of aobea not to be conto- d. Pepe hhae thi ow pesnaiy ha s - own pesonnHy hhs - ow digiy Pesn inneedofcae,yune-t u-stad nee d to m-t I s -d that i the、ila sociey,pepepant"；i"idustilscieymai s an a I

29、ma"； "te ifrmain socey, reurn13 .植物是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的 ,動(dòng)物不能自己制造,它們直接或間接的以植物為食，因而叫做,細(xì)菌和真菌常常被稱為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的 二14 .生產(chǎn)者、消費(fèi)者和分解者之間是相互依存、相互制約 的關(guān)系。15生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的組成成分中除了生物部分外，還有 部分，例如陽(yáng)光、空氣和水，等等。廠植物部分 y 動(dòng)物生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的組成JI 細(xì)菌、真菌 L 部分： 、等16.在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，不同生物之間由于 的關(guān)系而形成的鏈狀結(jié)構(gòu)叫做 。食物鏈的起始 環(huán)節(jié)是。17在一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中，往往有很多條食物鏈，它們彼此交錯(cuò)連接，形成 。18.生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的物質(zhì)和能量是沿

30、著 和 流動(dòng)的19當(dāng)人類排放的有毒物質(zhì)進(jìn)入生態(tài)系統(tǒng)后，有毒物質(zhì)會(huì)通過(guò) 不斷地積累，危害生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的許多 生物，最終會(huì)危害 人類自身 。20 .在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中各種生物的 f口 總是維持在的狀態(tài)，這種現(xiàn)象叫做生態(tài)平獴L。這說(shuō)明生態(tài)系統(tǒng)具有一定的 ,但這種調(diào)節(jié)能力是 o21 .是一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的整體、是地球上 最大的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，是所有生物的家園22生物圈的范圍包括 和 23.殺纏有“綠色水庫(kù)” “地球之肺”之稱、起著 涵養(yǎng)水源、保持水土 防風(fēng)固沙、調(diào)節(jié)氣候、系統(tǒng)有凈化水源、蓄洪抗旱 的作用,有“地球之腎”之稱。草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 在水土保持和防風(fēng)固沙方面起著重要的作用。城市生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中人類起著重要的支配作用。植物的種類

31、和數(shù)量少，消費(fèi)者主要是人類,而不是野生動(dòng)物。，由于人口密集，排放的污水、廢氣和固體廢棄物多，容易產(chǎn)生 環(huán)境問(wèn)題。農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng) 以農(nóng)作物為主體,動(dòng)植物的種類相對(duì)較少。淡水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)包括河流生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、湖泊生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、池塘生態(tài)系統(tǒng)等、不僅為人類提供飲用、灌溉、及工業(yè)用的水源，在調(diào)節(jié)氣候等方面也有重要的作用。海洋牛態(tài)系統(tǒng) 中的植物每年制造的氧氣占地球 每年產(chǎn)牛氧氣總量的 70% 。第二單元細(xì)胞和生物1 .從目鏡內(nèi)看到的像是 像，一臺(tái)顯微鏡的 目鏡和 物鏡 放大倍數(shù)的 就是該顯微鏡的放大2 .英國(guó)的物理學(xué)家羅伯特虎克 研制出了光學(xué)顯微鐐,并發(fā)現(xiàn)了細(xì)胞。3 .使用光學(xué)顯微鏡觀察物體，材料一定要 。4 .用銀子

32、夾起蓋玻片、使它的先接觸載玻片上白水滴，然后再 地放下，蓋在要觀察的材料Nww iw hiti lt f lttifwllfityIf tiit wk fitwttli i i lt t tfftft hftiftf ht blbbftttftflift k i lf f l tti f t tkiftl hl h i l b i tiv t l i t l i i i j b i t Phi hy t h t t I l i t th ht it hwk f tOf t b l wk bj ti Pt Ofiith i- thi-i A v ivi lti l l i Th C t. 

33、9;i. P t C 1tbiit i l tOft hl hi htbf fi t t l l i t i tt ththtttf thfit w t hwk"hi h l.l" Ivt 1 lt l tit b i - tht l i t wil I t t i t D.l t v t t hi T h16 i f t ty i tf Otlk v l t i t w Ctllcil hitt h v l t f ttdevelpmet esentil s urhe dleeete Isle nce of dewl opmet a nd innovain, i s ou

34、 pat> ul ng、- a l lap. At pe lent, a b-hig a nd .pl - eig te ici e-ic conce pt of dvelpmet hhs be cme t hepat .porat w I rk A te Ofie of pary Ccmmite, wkigpary soul d sevce ce nte, i niatw tca Im ledesi of the 一 ion, te cure nt fous s to focus on prmiti ng com pehe nsiv, coodi naed and lustiabe d

35、evilpmet wit m oe >u_e sins d more reea ch, lumm arzd t he tyi cal One s daftd taie te e of yur prsetai on. our preentat on is te man Of- of "roducs", si I e bbsi c carie saf sevie, s mporat t mesue sevce e s The qua iy of your pre setain, many -pe on h ow much we dakd adcument e cgnizd

36、 by the la desi, how may ae litnig t o te pepe i fnour I f te reort how maypaddii de i n te pra cica work Improve peseain drfig el e quieme I s a ccuae gras ld i lent, Ge nea e d cae of wrk ae t o - ur sand, Genera ld cnsier of probl emae t i dept ti nkig .rrqiirmes hi，*“ pa ce ,aur - put luper I r

37、aproac poiy a nd lca a ctal com bie d up, put pree ntain of toe trus and mas - of by t houggt by wa nstIs one of the pra cial form of vaues.The scale d vaues refers t o Ie objetve li ngs are of nova ad the of un. eapespectve Diffeet vaues, pepie s be aviur, ai . es, waysaredibeelPeopleo_nte . f_s on

38、 human vaue and realty we nee. Ie broa .est masses - va ues. A .here to pe oil eorietd vai ues i s to make the ecnomy more . “met, m prove oca a _l ura prospei y ad Ive a "pier, s -epy cncene . that human .opment a nd h a n vaues, ,ve opme nt of seal ad human.一”“ofrainaun、i nsse d i Ie materia

39、civ nzton, loiial cuat on a nd «ii.a cviizain i the oveal advacmentofScic-zati"toah.e e Asowat to"a person' s vaue meetyounee,asois to meet the nee ds a nd the commuiy. Adee toepleoriented,tostongyae everycommuiymember,serveothers,beelciatothecmmuniyofpepe.The s Oul ook atu- s “th

40、e ecd, i nc ud ng Wo, how to ceae a ncord of a ceveme nts, how to evauae performance and son. Wa va , wa knd of Outook.A.he e to pe opl eorietd Oulok, sonthepremiseofrespecigtIeiteessandpowerofpeople,c_Ingapopula,wam-r* sta dy hear pefrma nce , ceatng "sev of“，te be nei o" acme nt* and ove

41、al consul!I n of welof soiey a nd pr I motig t he al r I und oplespefmanc.Aciev_et auat a ccmpismet, tke anote 10k a t he fec ne - of s-l | rogess "a i ubanandr ua cange loth had e I vrnmet to ste ngte a id tke a I ote 10k at t he soft eO onme nt implement mome nttmof d l I pment a p e nt de pe

42、dig onte poe nia fr sustia be d lpme nt. Le pe ope t、k a bou "au>s" ae wrt hles andla- peope to ak a bout "Outloo" is not wat thepelorma4 pepe resonde d tte stat I g poi nt of te _>st on, a id e pid t o quesins poit M as the lum of sca l elainsi ps. e canot eae the chchua n

43、yng du hous ng tui - ad eteaime nt eteta I ig a nd ee nceai n polkal e cnomi c cuual ad socil e nvrnmet ad s on. Due t human neIds al wals of ie wil cme itbbig Pe ope ce fr thi suvval and cntiue en，o，ng tereu- of tecnsucin. Cel orul i t I e tas.mainof thepepeoftewo-，commun vkly iteceainof ma. T I ee

44、ore any w o. d, te sari ng poi nt s huma n, wa ae peopl. Us sed uvelpmet, the ce I f wic s to m-tthe nneofpeopl,icldigsuialnee-, otina nee ds a nd sel Ict -一 on neds It shou d be I otd tha pe ope ae not michine s, not te sa<e of aobea not to be conto- d. Pepe hhae thi ow pesnaiyhas-own pe sonnUt,

45、 hhs - ow digiy Pesn inneedofcae,yune-t u-stad nee d to m-t I s -d th a i te "grcuura scey,pepepant"；i"idustil sciey ma i s an a I ma"； "te ifrmain socey, reurn上，這樣能避免蓋玻片下面出現(xiàn) 而影響觀察。5 .在細(xì)胞的結(jié)構(gòu)中 能控制物質(zhì)的進(jìn)出。6 .有機(jī)物中的能量屬于 能，陽(yáng)光的能量屬于 _雷。7 .?口是細(xì)胞中的能量轉(zhuǎn)換器，植物細(xì)胞 和動(dòng)物細(xì)胞 都含有。將光能轉(zhuǎn)變成化學(xué)能，儲(chǔ)存在它所制造

46、的有機(jī)物， 將細(xì)胞中的有機(jī)物當(dāng)作燃料，使有機(jī)物與氧結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)變成二氧化碳和水釋放能量為細(xì)胞提供動(dòng)力。8 .控制中心。人的生命始于一個(gè)細(xì)胞 ?？寺⊙虻膶?shí)例說(shuō)明，細(xì)胞核控制著生物的。9 .上有指導(dǎo)生物發(fā)育的全部信息，是主要的遺傳物質(zhì)，呈雙螺旋形狀，DNA主要存在于劌胞核中。10細(xì)胞的生活是 、 和變化的統(tǒng)一體。11染色體是由 和 兩種物質(zhì)組成的，DNA是遺傳物質(zhì)，因此可以說(shuō) 就是遺傳物質(zhì)的載體。12人的體細(xì)胞內(nèi)含有 染色體。精子和卵細(xì)胞中各23條含有染色體。13細(xì)胞核 中有染色體, 染色體 中有DNA、DNA上有 遺傳信息。14細(xì)胞通過(guò) 產(chǎn)生新細(xì)胞。15 .生物的由小長(zhǎng)大，是與細(xì)胞的 和 分不開的。使

47、細(xì)胞數(shù)量增多，使細(xì)胞16細(xì)胞核分裂時(shí) 的變化最明顯，在細(xì)胞分裂的不同時(shí)期染色體的形態(tài)不同。17 .細(xì)胞分裂過(guò)程中 染色體先再均等分配到 兩個(gè)子細(xì)胞中。18 . 一個(gè)細(xì)胞經(jīng)分裂后得到的兩個(gè)新細(xì)胞的染色體的形態(tài)和數(shù)目相同，新細(xì)胞和原細(xì)胞的染色體形態(tài)和 數(shù)目也相同。19 .多細(xì)胞生物體內(nèi)有很多體細(xì)胞，體細(xì)胞中的染色體數(shù)目都相同。20細(xì)胞分化的結(jié)果形成了 。21 .在個(gè)體發(fā)育過(guò)程中，一個(gè)或一種細(xì)胞通過(guò)分裂產(chǎn)生的后代，在_、_ 和一 上發(fā)生差異性的變化，這個(gè)過(guò)程叫做。22 .每個(gè)細(xì)胞群都是形態(tài)相似、結(jié)構(gòu)、功能相同的細(xì)胞聯(lián)合在一起形成的，這樣的細(xì)胞群叫做 o23 .上皮組織由上皮細(xì)胞構(gòu)成,具有 等功能。例

48、如 皮膚上皮能保護(hù)體表、小腸上皮能分泌消 化液。24 .主要是由肌細(xì)胞組成的，具有 和的功能。25 .是由神經(jīng)細(xì)胞構(gòu)成，能夠 感受刺激、傳導(dǎo) 在體內(nèi)起 調(diào)節(jié)和控制 作用。26 .的種類很多，骨組織、 血液都屬于結(jié)締組織。 結(jié)締組織具有 等功能。27 .由不同的組織按照一定的次序結(jié)合在一起構(gòu)成的行使一定功能的結(jié)構(gòu)，叫做 。人體具有大 腦、胃、心臟、肝、肺、腎、眼、耳、甲狀腺、唾液腺等許多器官。大腦主要由a構(gòu)成，胃由上皮組織、肌肉組織、結(jié)締組織和神經(jīng)組織構(gòu)成。Is one of the pra cial form of vaues.The scale d vaues refers t o Ie o

49、bjetve li ngs are of nova ad the of un. eapespectve Diffeet vaues, pepie s be aviur, ai . es, waysare dibeel Pe opl eo_nte . f_s on human vaue and realty we nee. Ie broa .est masses - va ues. A .here to pe oil eorietd vai u_,i s to make the ecnomy more . “met, m prove oca a _l ura prospei y ad Ive a

50、 "pier, s -epy cncene . that human .eve opment a nd h a n vaues, ,ve opme nt of seal ad human. 一 ”“ of raina uHe、i nssted i nle materia civ nzton, loiial cuat on a nd «ii.a cvl zaini Ie oveal a dvacemet of Socastcivnzt on t a h.e e Asowat to t hat person' s vaue meet you ne e , aso i s

51、 tomee the nee ds a nd the commuiy. Adee to eple ore nte_ to stongy ae everycommuiy member, serve ot hers, beelcia to t he cmmuniy of pepe. The s Oul ook atu- s “the ecd, i nc ud ng Wo, how to ceae a ncord of a ceveme nts, how to evauae p erformac* and son. Wa vaues, wa knd of Outook.A.he e to pe op

52、l eorietd Oulok, son t he premise of respecig tI e itees s and power of people, c_I ng a popula, wam-r* sta dy hear pefrma nce , ceatng "sev of“，te be nei o" acme nt* and oveal consul*I n of welof soiey a nd pr I motig t he al r I und opl es pefma nc. Aci ev_et auat a ccmpismet, tke anote

53、10k a t he fec ne - of s-l | rogess "a i u Ian and r ua cange loth had e I vrnmet to ste ngte a id tke a I ote 10k at t he sol evi onme nt implement mome nttmof d l I pment a p e nt de pedig onte poe nia fr sustia be d lpme nt. Le pe ope t Uk a bou " <aue" ae wrt hles andla- peope

54、to ak a bout "Outloo" is not wat thepelorma 4 pepe resonde d tte stat I g poi nt of te _>st on, a id e pid t o quesins poit M as the lum of sca l elainsi ps. e canot eae the chchua nyng du hous ng tui - ad eteaime nt eteta I ig a nd ee nceai n polkal e cnomi c cuual ad socil e nvrnmet a

55、d s on. Due t human neIds al wals of ie wil cme itbbig Pe ope ce fr thi luviva, ad coniue en，o，ng tereu- of tecnsucin. Cel orul i t I e tasf.ainof thepepe of te w o-，commun vkly iteceaton of ma. T I eeore any w o. d, te sari ng poi nt s huma n, wa ae peopl. Us sed u opment, te ce I f wic s to m ee t

56、e nee of peopl, icldig suial nee - , otina nee ds a nd selac -一 on neds It shou d be I otd tha pe ope ae not michine s, not te sa<e of aobea not to be conto- d. Pepe hhae thi ow pesnaiy ha s - own pesonnHy hhs - ow digiy Pesn innee d of cae, yu ne - t u-stad nee d to m-t I s -d that i the、ila sociey, pepe pa nt"； i "idustil sciey ma i s an a I ma"； "te ifrmain socey, reurn28 .能夠共同完成一種或幾種生理功能 的多個(gè)器官按照一定的次序組合在一起,就構(gòu)成了。系統(tǒng)具有消化食物和吸收營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的功能。除消化系統(tǒng)外還有_K 統(tǒng)。人體及動(dòng)物結(jié)構(gòu)層次：f V V V-植物體結(jié)構(gòu)層次：VV