一種基于單片機(jī)的新型三相多費(fèi)率電能表的設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及翻譯

1、always adopts mechanical tinplate to measure. There are some shortcomings that the measurement precision falls with machine abrasion, single time period setting and strong manpower 2. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter based on AT89LV52. This multi-rate three-ph

2、ase watt-hour meter adopts AD7752 for measurement. It has the characteristics which are time-sharing measurement, accurate measurement, LCD display, automatic meter reading, flexible time period setting, timely emendation, low cost and novel design.II. STRUCTURE AND WORKING PRINCIPLEThe novel multi-

3、rate three-phase watt-hour meter proposed in this paper is based upon AT89LV52 singlechip 3. AT89LV52 has the flash memorizer with 8k bytes, cryptographical program memorizer with third class, RAM with 256 bytes, 32 programmable I/O lines, three time/ counter with 16 bits and a two class halt with s

4、ix vectors. The interface circuit adopts I2C bus unit which is a 8 bits singlechip with good performance and suitable price. The system structure diagram is shown in figure 1.Figure 1. System structure diagramThe principle of this multi-rate watt-hour meter is reading in themulti-rate time segments

5、using RS485 bus and noting in X25045 then take over correctional clock with RS485 bus and write in clock CMOS chip S3530A. The three-phase AC voltage and electric current pass through potentiometer and mutual inductance instrument respectively so as to produce small signal which is sent to AD7752 to

6、 complete measurement. The clock CMOS chip S3530A gives clock information per second in the course of automatic move and analyze this clock belongs to which period of time according to advance periods of time set in X25045 then save the electrical energy in RAM memorizeraccording to corresponding pe

7、riod of time. We write it to corresponding address of X25045 when the electrical energy achieves one degree in order to make the multi-rate measurement come true. This watt-hour meter hasfunctions of clear LCD display, missing phase detection, burthen control, halt electricity check and storage, aut

8、omatic meter reading and so on.III. THE DESIGH OF HARDWARE CIRCUITA Electrical energy measurementThe three-phase electrical energy measurement is realized by the low consume CMOS chip AD7752 of ADI company. The inside of AD7752 adopts digital circuit besides ADC, filter and multiplication circuit wh

9、ich can eliminate noises effectively. The sampling course of voltage and electric current in three-phase AC power supply loop is shown in figure 2 in which IA stands for voltage sampling of A phase. The sampling circuits of B phase and C phase are similar to A phase. The power after integral is tran

10、sformed to electrical pulse for output. The pulse of fan-out CF enters intointerregnum INT0 of AT89LV52 through photoelectricity insulation 4N25. CPU measures the electrical energy 4. We adjust the pulse number of CF by combining the state of S1 and S2. The connection of electrical energy and pulse

11、is W = M C . In which, W is the electrical energy with the unit of kilowatt-hour, M is the total pulse number, C is the pulse number of ammeter. We choose C equals to 3000 that is to say every kilowatt-hour is 3000pulses.Figure 2. Circuit schematic diagramof watt-hour meterB LCD displayThe LCD displ

12、ay 6 adopts HT1621 CMOS chip of HOLTEK Company toachieve twelve bits digital display. HT1621 is the LCD drivers with 128 segments (32× 4) inner memorizer. The interior of HT1621 consists ofcontrol and time circuits, RAM, LCD drive and watch timer. It hasthe merits of small volume and low cost s

13、o that it is suit to watt-hour meter. We use serial interface which only has four lines between HT1621 and AT89LV52. The detailed connection is shown in figure 3. P20, P21, P22 and P23 of AT89LV52 connect to CS, RD, WR and DATA respectively with the use to refurbish the display of RAM. HT1621 drive

14、CMOS chip has 48 nodes in which COM0, COM1, COM2, COM3 connect to the communal end and drive output of LCD and SG0, SG1, SG2, SG3 connect to drive output of every segment respectively. In addition, an adjustable resistance of 20k is put between VDD and VLCD to adjust the display contrast of LCD. Exp

15、eriment shows that the contrast is better with VDD=5V and VLCD=4V.C Serial memorizerSerial memorizer adopts low power consumption chip X25045 of XICORcompany .It has three functions which are watchdog timer WTD, voltage supervision and serial memorizer E2PROM with 512 bytes. WTD can be set 200ms, 60

16、0ms and 1400ms time intervals. The software program is read into X25045. During the normal running of program, WTD receives the trigger signal in time intervals in order to ensure the normal running of program. X25045 will output a high potential through RESET line if WTD does not receive trigger si

17、gnal in time intervals. The trigger watt-hour meter reset in order to prevent program flying away. As the serial memorizer chip, 512 bytes of X25045 are used to storage the watt-hour meter code, multi-rate periods of time, the apex electricity, smooth electricity, vale electricity and total electric

18、ity of last month and this month. Storage can be divided into two same areas. One is used as data storage. The other is used for backup. The number of storage can be revised 100,000 times. Data can be stored for 100 years. It is connected with AT89LV52 by SPI agreement bus. The connection is shown i

19、n figure 3.D Clock circuitThe clock circuit is completed by S3530A chip. It is a low powerconsumption clock chip that supports I2C Bus. It sets the clock and calendar according to the data received by CUP communicating with RS485. At the same time, it continues to walk time by its own oscillation. T

20、he crystaloscillator of 32.768 kHz is put between Xin and Xout of S3530A which is connected with CPU through latching. SDA foot and SCL foot connect to P1.6 and P1.7 of AT89LV52 respectively. There are two interrupt alarming foots can be set as second output or minute output synchronizing pulse whic

21、h supply interrupt signal to AT89LV52 with one second period. Single-chip system will readout the current time through I2C communication interface according to this signal and calculate the period of time that this moment belongs to so as to realize the electrical energy measurement in different per

22、iods of time 5. This clock circuit has spare lithium battery. The powersupply VCC supply power in normal wiring and electrified for lithium battery of 3.6V. When there is power off, the system will automatically convert lithium battery to clock circuit for power supply. The clock will still running

23、accurately even the power is off.Figure 3. Partial circuit figure of watt-hour meterE RS485 CommunicationMAX485 chip can implement RS485 communication control ofmulti-rate watt-hour meter. MAX485 chip has RS485 communication protocol. It can take 128 hypogenous computers. Its transmission distance i

24、s greater than 1km and its transfer rate is up to 250kb per second. The watt-hour meter connects with the unit controller through the RS485 bus. Each unit has a cell controller can manage 128 multi-rate watt-hour meter. The cell controller connects to power management computer. Each watt-hour meter

25、has one and only meter number with eight bits of hex. The electrician should write the users information and meter number and then import to the power management computer for initial installation so ad to complete the connection of user and management computer. Management computer sends setting of p

26、eriod of time and clock information with the manner of broadcast communication without address information. PC uploads information by the way of calling address.F Lack Phase detection and relay controlIt can achieve relay control 7 with P27 of AT89LV52. P27 cancontrol relays using 4N25 photoelectric

27、ity isolator so as to complete powersupply and power control. Lack Phase detection gets the signal from fan-out of the relay and connects to 1 foot of photoelectricity isolator after passing a 75K resistance, the diode half-wave rectifier and capacitive filtering respectively. We detect the 4 foot o

28、f isolator to determine whether there is the lack of phase. If there is lack of phase, we detect again after 2 seconds overtime. We break off the power immediately if there is lack of power after the twice confirmation. In power protection circuit, it uses the INT1 interrupt foot of AT89LV52 to dete

29、ct signal.When there is a sudden power off, INT1 jumps into a low voltage and the INT1 interrupt enters to the power protection program relying on the energy storage capacitor to save data. In the system, pulse output of AD7752, relay control port and the inputs of lack phase detection all use photo

30、electric isolator 4N25. It sends electrical signal by light coupling which can enhance the ability of anti-jamming.IV. THE DESIGN OF SOFTWAREAThe distribution of resourceThe software program includes main program, X25045 read and write program, RS485 serial communication program, interrupt serve pro

31、gram, timer handling program, HT1621 display control program, electrical energy measurement in different period of time and power down protection program, and system self-checking and anti-interference handling program. Interrupt resource distribution of system is: INT0 interrupt is used as AD7752 p

32、ulse measurement, INT1 as synchronization detecting, timer T0 as 100 ms timing, T1 as 1ms timing, and T2 as baud rate generator for serial communication program. RS485 asynchronous communication is set to receiveinterrupt and check information for sending.B Module desighThe flow chart of main progra

33、m is shown in figure 4. The watt-hourmeter should be able to initialize at each power up time. The initializing program includes setting working mode of timers, serial stomata and interrupts for AT89LV52, writing control word into X25045, S3530A and HT1621. This system sets three periods of time. Th

34、e singlechip reads clock value from S3530A per second then analyze this clock belongs to which period of time according to advance periods of time set in X25045 then save the electrical energy in RAM memorizer according to corresponding period of time. We write it to corresponding address of X25045

35、when the electrical energy achieves one degree. The LCD display with 16 bits shows period of time and electrical energy information in turn. Figure 4. Flow chart of main programV. TESTING RESULTError measurement and running test have been made in Zibo Billion Electron Co., Ltd. The epigenous compute

36、r completes the setting of time management. There are three-rate period of time. The first period of time is vale electricity from 00 point 00 minute to 06 point 30 minutes. The second period of time is apex electricity from 06 point 30 minutes to 22 point 30 minutes. The third period of time is smo

37、oth electricity from 22 point 30 minutes to 24 point 00 minute. The setting of rate period of time is sent to computer management system by electric power company according to national policy and saved in X25045. The apex electricity, smooth electricity, vale electricity and total electricity per mo

38、nth read saved in electrical energy meter and sent to epigenous computer through cell controller. The communication baud rate is 9600 bits per second. The checkout platform of 0.1 grade standard electronic power meter is used as standard meter and the multi-rate watt-hour meter is the tested meter.

39、Billion Electron Company has carried out testing according to different load running. The measured data is shown in table 1 with the burthen of 30kW.TABLE I. COMPARE OF NORMAL METER AND TESTING METERThe testing result indicates that the error of this multi-ratewatt-hour meter is less than 1%, belong

40、s to 1.0 grade. The return reading of electrical energy is precision and the emendation of time is timely and right. By testing, the method of decreasing errors for electricity metering can be obtained. Firstly, adjust the sampling resistance of AD7752 to accurate value. Secondly, the value of this

41、resistance is needed less varying with temperature. Thirdly, during electricity metering progress, when mantissa portion of electricity is less than 0.01, the remaining pulse should be accessed together, thus cumulative error caused by lack of 0.01degree energy loss could be avoided.VI. CONCLUSION A

42、ND EXPECTATIONThe multi-rate watt-hour meter achieves electrical energycomputation in different time according to different time setting. It adopts RS485 for serial communication and realizes automatic meter reading and real-time emendation. The results of production in Billion Electron Company show

43、that the multi-rate three-phase watt-hour meter proposed in this paper has the characteristics of novel design technique, accurate measurement, and flexible time period setting. Various technical indexes achieve the technique standard for national intelligent card watt-hour meter. Therefore, it has

44、wide application.REFERENCES1 Bu Zhengliang, Yin Xianggen, Tu Guangyu. “Development of HV Watt-hour meter.” Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2006, 30(19): 89-93.2 Kosukegawa M., Sakumoto Y. “Traceability system of electric energy standard and tendency in static watthour meter development in Japa

45、n.” Sixth International Conference on Metering Apparatus and Tariffs for Electricity Supply, 1990,4: 259-263.3 Xuehai Li. Applied tutorial of singlechip. Electronic industry publishing company, 2003.4 Al-Khateeb Tarik, Blundel Martin. “An electronic meter for measuring the saving in electrical power

46、.” The Ninth Arab International Conference on Solar Energy (AICSE-9), Kingdom of Bahrain, 2007,4 (209):328-333.5 Liu Ying, Liu Qingyu. “Development of a self-calibration precision electrical measuring meter.” Proceedings of the 1998 Conference Precision Electromagnetic Measurements, 1998,7:276.6 Gao

47、 Yun-Peng, Teng Zhao-Sheng, Liu Peng. “Design of three-phase multi-functional harmonic energy meter.” Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, 2008, 35(9): 53-57.7 Qu Qingchang. “Key technology to three-phase electric meter and high voltage electric power measurement.” Acta Metrologica Sinica,

48、2007, vol28: 25-30.一種基于單片機(jī)的新型三相多費(fèi)率電能表的設(shè)計(jì)Jishun Jiang Lanlan YuSchool of Electric and Electronic Engineering School of Electric and Electronic Engineering Shandong University of Technology Shandong University of Technology Zibo, 255091, China Zibo, 255091, China摘要：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，對(duì)電力的需求變得越來(lái)越大。在不同時(shí)間的電力不平衡現(xiàn)象日益

49、嚴(yán)重。為了合理調(diào)整電力負(fù)荷，節(jié)約能源，我們提出了一個(gè)新的多速率設(shè)計(jì)三相電度表。這種新型多速率三相電度表的設(shè)計(jì)原理是在AT89LV5基礎(chǔ)上提出的。硬件和軟件流程設(shè)計(jì)，以及實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)的分析，詳細(xì)介紹。通過(guò)審判淄博億電子有限公司制造，它表明這種多速率三相電度表具有特色，是步行的精度，準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量，自動(dòng)抄表，靈活的時(shí)間設(shè)置，成本低。因此，這種新型三相多費(fèi)率電度表具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。關(guān)鍵詞：多速率，三相電度表，AT89LV52一.引言計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用推動(dòng)了電表的智能化轉(zhuǎn)型。由于電力的需求增大，在不同時(shí)間的電力需求不平衡的現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重，電力公司鼓勵(lì)人們使用復(fù)費(fèi)率電度表1，以合理調(diào)整電力負(fù)荷，節(jié)省能源。傳

50、統(tǒng)的復(fù)費(fèi)率電度表總是采用機(jī)械馬口鐵來(lái)衡量。也有一些不足之處，測(cè)量精度低與機(jī)械磨損快，單一的時(shí)間內(nèi)設(shè)置需要強(qiáng)大的人力資源2。在本文中，我們?cè)贏T89LV52的基礎(chǔ)上提出一個(gè)新的多速率三相電度表。這種多速率三相電度表采用測(cè)量AD7752。它的特點(diǎn)是分時(shí)計(jì)量，計(jì)量準(zhǔn)確，液晶顯示直觀器，自動(dòng)抄表，靈活的時(shí)間設(shè)置，及時(shí)校正，成本低，設(shè)計(jì)新穎。二.結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理本文提出的新穎的多速率三相電度表是基于AT89LV52單片機(jī)3。 AT89LV52具有8K字節(jié)，三級(jí)加密程序存儲(chǔ)器，256字節(jié)的RAM，32個(gè)可編程I / O線，3次/ 16位和一個(gè)6向量2級(jí)停止計(jì)數(shù)器的RAM。該接口電路采用I2C總線的單位，是一

51、個(gè)8位具有良好的性能和價(jià)格合適的單片機(jī)。該系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖見(jiàn)圖1。圖1。系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)圖這種多費(fèi)率電度表讀數(shù)的原則是多速率一次使用RS485總線段并記錄在X25045然后接管RS485總線時(shí)鐘并將該時(shí)鐘寫(xiě)入CMOS芯片S3530A。三相交流電壓和電流通過(guò)電位儀和互感分別以生產(chǎn)小信號(hào)，傳送到AD7752完成測(cè)量。時(shí)鐘芯片S3530A提供了時(shí)鐘的自動(dòng)移動(dòng)過(guò)程中每秒的信息和分析這種時(shí)鐘屬于哪個(gè)時(shí)期根據(jù)預(yù)先設(shè)定的時(shí)間在X25045的時(shí)間然后保存在RAM存儲(chǔ)器電能按照相應(yīng)的時(shí)間期限。我們把它寫(xiě)的X25045的通訊地址，當(dāng)電能達(dá)到1度，以使多速率測(cè)量成真。這種電度表具有明確的液晶顯示功能，缺相檢測(cè)，負(fù)荷控制，停止用電

52、檢查和存儲(chǔ)，自動(dòng)抄表等三系統(tǒng)硬件電路的設(shè)計(jì)A 電能計(jì)量三相電能計(jì)量由ADI公司的低耗能CMOS芯片AD7752來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。在AD7752內(nèi)部，除了采用的ADC，濾波器和乘法電路，還有可以有效地消除噪聲的數(shù)字電路。采樣過(guò)程中的電壓和電流的三相交流電源回路如圖2所示，其中IA代表A相電壓采樣。對(duì)B相和C相的取樣電路類(lèi)似A相。電源積分后轉(zhuǎn)化為電脈沖輸出。脈沖從CF口通過(guò)光電絕緣4N25進(jìn)入到空位的AT89LV52的INT0。 CPU測(cè)量電能4。我們通過(guò)S1和S2的聯(lián)系調(diào)節(jié)CF的脈沖數(shù)。電力能源和脈沖的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系是W = MC的。其中，W是同千瓦時(shí)電能的單位，M是總脈沖數(shù)，C是電表脈沖數(shù)。我們選擇C=30

53、00即每千瓦小時(shí)，每千瓦時(shí) 3000脈沖。圖2。電度表的電路原理圖B 液晶顯示器該液晶顯示器6通過(guò)盛群公司的CMOS芯片對(duì)HT1621的實(shí)現(xiàn)12位數(shù)字顯示。HT1621是128段（32 × 4）內(nèi)部存儲(chǔ)器，LCD驅(qū)動(dòng)器。在HT1621內(nèi)部由控制電路和時(shí)間，內(nèi)存，液晶驅(qū)動(dòng)器和計(jì)時(shí)器。它有體積小，成本低的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，使其使用于電度表。我們使用串行接口，在HT1621和AT89LV52之間只有4條線。詳細(xì)的連接如圖3所示。AT89LV52的P20,P21,P22,P23分別連接到CS,RD,WR并分別與數(shù)據(jù)使用翻新的RAM顯示。對(duì)HT1621驅(qū)動(dòng)器芯片已在48個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的COM0，串口COM1，CO

54、M2端口，COM3連接到公共端和驅(qū)動(dòng)器的LCD和SG0，的SG1，SG2的，SG3連接到驅(qū)動(dòng)器輸出的每個(gè)部分分別輸出。此外，一個(gè)20k的電阻可調(diào)之間放置VDD和VLCD來(lái)調(diào)整液晶顯示對(duì)比度。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，VDD= 5V比VLCD= 4V的更好。C 串行存儲(chǔ)器串行存儲(chǔ)器采用了XICOR公司的低功耗芯片X25045。它有三個(gè)功能看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器,電壓監(jiān)控和串行存儲(chǔ)器E2PROM的有512個(gè)字節(jié)?？撮T(mén)狗定時(shí)器可以設(shè)置的200ms，600ms和1400ms的時(shí)間間隔。該軟件程序被讀入X25045。在正常運(yùn)行的程序，看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器收到的時(shí)間間隔，以確保程序的正常運(yùn)行觸發(fā)信號(hào)。如果看門(mén)狗定時(shí)器在時(shí)間間隔沒(méi)有收到觸發(fā)

55、信號(hào)，X25045將輸出高級(jí)復(fù)位線。觸發(fā)電度表復(fù)位，以防止程序飛走。由于串行存儲(chǔ)器芯片，512 X25045的字節(jié)用于存儲(chǔ)的電能表的代碼，時(shí)間多速率時(shí)期，電力頂點(diǎn)，平滑用電，低谷電，上月和本月總電力。存儲(chǔ)可以分為兩個(gè)相同的地方。一個(gè)是作為數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)。另一種是用于備份。對(duì)存儲(chǔ)的數(shù)目可以修改10萬(wàn)次。數(shù)據(jù)可存儲(chǔ)100年。它是采用SPI總線 連接AT89LV52。連接如圖3所示。圖3。電度表的數(shù)字電路部分D 時(shí)鐘電路時(shí)鐘電路是由S3530A芯片完成。這是一個(gè)低功耗時(shí)鐘芯片，支持I2C總線。它通過(guò)CUP發(fā)送給RS485的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)設(shè)置時(shí)鐘和日歷。同時(shí)，它繼續(xù)走自己的振蕩時(shí)間。32.768 kHz的晶體振蕩器是把XIN和S3530A 的XOUT連接鎖定的CPU。 SDA的腳和SCL腳分別連接到AT89LV52的P1.6和P1.7。有兩個(gè)中斷的腳可作為第二分鐘輸出或輸出同步脈沖在一秒的時(shí)間內(nèi)供應(yīng)中斷信號(hào)給AT89LV52。單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)將讀出通過(guò)I2C通信接口當(dāng)前時(shí)間根據(jù)這一信號(hào)，并計(jì)算出這一段時(shí)間的電能，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)在不同時(shí)期的電能測(cè)量5。該時(shí)鐘電路用鋰電池。該電源VCC在正