高考英語完形填空解題技巧

1、完形填空解題技法指導(dǎo)(一)選材角度體裁上，以敘為主，敘議結(jié)合。選材多為具有一定故事情節(jié)的短文，一般按照時間線索行文，邏輯清晰，層次分明。題材上，選用貼近考生實際生活的語言材料。文章均富有思想性和教育性，常常通過生活瑣事來預(yù)示人生哲理與人性，可讀性較強。(二)挖空角度首先，文章首句通常不設(shè)空，目的是讓考生熟悉語言環(huán)境，迅速進入主題，對文章有宏觀和整體性的把握。其次，挖去的詞匯以實詞為主，虛詞為輔。最后，具體挖空的時候遵循“重復(fù)原則”，即挖去的詞通常都在保留的上下文中給出解題的線索。(三)選項角度同一空格所對應(yīng)的四個選項一般是同一詞性，或在句子中充當(dāng)同樣的語法成分，這是擬選項時所應(yīng)遵循的最基本的原

2、則。在完形填空題中，具體的語法規(guī)則不再是考查重點，而主要考查考生對上下文的理解，要求考生通過具體的語言環(huán)境來做出選擇。所以，所擬出的四個選項往往在語法方面都能成立，錯誤選項多半可以和空前、空后的文字形成某種考生非常熟悉的固定搭配，具有很強的干擾和迷惑作用。(四)考查角度完形填空主要考查5個角度：上下文語義理解、語法結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯關(guān)系、習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)、詞義辨析和生活常識及文化背景。(一)句內(nèi)層次題句內(nèi)層次類題目是指通過閱讀空格所在的那一句話即可找出答案的題目。命題角度通常有上下文語義理解、詞義辨析、生活常識和文化背景、習(xí)慣搭配及固定結(jié)構(gòu)、語法結(jié)構(gòu)及邏輯關(guān)系等五種。典例12016·四川O

3、n a family car trip，her Aunt Dede pulled out a copy of Harry Potter，as a surprise for her _42_.42A.daughterBniece Cstudent Dfriend典例2My father had longed to play music since childhood，but his family was poor and couldn't _43_lessons.43A.miss Bafford Cselect Dunderstand(二)句組層次題句組層次類題目是指通過閱讀空格所在的那

4、一句話不能找出正確答案，需要結(jié)合題目所在句子以外的句子(句組)才可找出答案的題目。命題角度通常有上下文語義理解、詞義辨析和邏輯關(guān)系等三種。典例2016·天津Cathy suffered some terrible _16_ in her early childhood.After years of regular treatment，she _17_(finally) became healthy.16A.failure Bpressure Closs Dillness(三)語篇層次題語篇層次類題目是指無法在句內(nèi)或句組確定答案，需要結(jié)合整個語篇才能找到正確答案的題目。這類題目主要考查

5、考生的篇章分析能力。命題角度通常有上下文語義理解和邏輯關(guān)系兩種。典例2016·四川“How can you say it's _48_(boring)？Have you read it？”asked Aunt Dede.“No，it's too long and it doesn't have any _49_，”complained Lainey.“Oh，that's where you are _50_(wrong)；there are lots of pictures.Every page is full of pictures；you just

6、 have to read the words to _51_(see) them.It's like magic.”49A.pictures Bstories Cadventures Dconversations1通過“主旨大意”解題在完形填空的解題中，考生對主旨大意的理解十分重要，記敘文中情節(jié)發(fā)展的走向始終體現(xiàn)文章的中心思想。因此，對主旨大意的正確把握有助于考生對文章細(xì)節(jié)的正確理解，特別是對長難句的分析和突破，從而提高解題的正確率。典例From my second grade on，there was one event I feared every year：the piano

7、recital (獨奏演唱會)A recital_36_I had to practice a boring piece of music and perform before strangers.Each year I_37_(would) ask my father if I could skip the recital “just this once”And each year he'd shake his head，muttering (嘀咕)_38_(something) about building self­confidence and working towa

8、rds a_39_(goal)36A.reflected Bexplained Cmeant Dproved2通過“文化背景”解題完形填空的語篇信息常交織滲透著各類相關(guān)的文化背景知識：有些選項的設(shè)置與文化背景有關(guān)，這就要求考生有較寬的知識面，同時具備一定的文化意識，特別要有對英語國家文化的敏感性和鑒別力，只有這樣才能既快又準(zhǔn)確地解題。典例_25_(Unfortunately)，Canadian medical schools did not _26_women students at the time.Therefore，Charlotte went to the United States

9、to study _27_(medicine) at the Women's Medical College in Philadelphia.It took her five years to _28_(earn) her medical degree.26A.hire Bentertain Ctrust Daccept3通過“顧后信息”解題眾所周知，完形填空的命題不是“天馬行空”，更不是“獨來獨往”，所以正確領(lǐng)會和下文情節(jié)的發(fā)展發(fā)生這樣或那樣的關(guān)系，這就成為尋找正確項的根據(jù)。因此，考生需要“顧及”空后的相關(guān)信息，從而做出正確的選擇。典例Joe Simpson and Simon Ya

10、tes were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the Andes mountains.They reached the top_21_，but on their way back conditions were very_22_(difficult)Joe fell and broke his leg.They both knew that if Simon_23_(continued) alone，he would probably get back_24_(safely)21A.hurried

11、ly Bcarefully Csuccessfully Dearly4通過“瞻前信息”解題這種情況多出現(xiàn)在文章展開之后，這時前文已經(jīng)含有豐富的語境信息，設(shè)空和前文有邏輯或語境的聯(lián)系，這樣空前的信息就成為解題的根據(jù)。解題時一定要善于捕捉這些重要的信息，以達到解題的目的。典例2016·全國Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man _56_(backed off) and let them go to work.Then，Larry asked the _57_ if he was needed or _5

12、8_(free) to go.They let him and the other man go.57A.woman Bpolice Cman Ddriver5通過“邏輯關(guān)系”解題雖然高考完形填空越來越淡化對語法的考查，但一個語意連貫的語篇必須通過省略、指代、時間、地點、條件、方式、原因、讓步等語法關(guān)聯(lián)手段來實現(xiàn)，命題人常利用這些關(guān)聯(lián)制造語境，設(shè)置考點?？忌忸}時可利用這些語法關(guān)系對句子進行分析、判斷并推理出最佳選項。典例2016·全國They told her to stay _52_(still) until the emergency personnel arrived，_53

13、_ she thought the car was going to _54_(explode)Larry told her that he had already put out the fire and she should not move _55_(in case) she injured her neck.53A.for Bso Cand Dbut6通過“固定搭配”解題在語言學(xué)習(xí)中，掌握詞組和短語的用法是一項重要的技能要求。在高考完形填空的命題中，通常會涉及短語，以動詞短語為主，偶見介詞短語等?？忌枰\用所學(xué)詞匯知識，結(jié)合綜合語言運用能力來解題。典例At this store，a

14、_42_(sight) like this is not normal.My 10­year­old noticed him and made a _43_ on how bad it must be to have to stand _44_(outside) in the cold wind.43A.suggestion Bcomment Cdecision Dcall7通過“生活常識”解題完形填空題所選的文章多是具有一定故事情節(jié)和教育意義的記敘文，這些語篇都非常貼近學(xué)生的生活，涉及日常生活常識的試題就在所難免。所以考生在解題時，可以根據(jù)這些常識做出正確選擇。典例By

15、now medical staff had arrived，and were _40_the injured woman.We gave the flower to the woman's husband and I told him it was _41_(from) my son.At that，the old man started crying and said，“Thank you very much，” He then turned to me，“You have a _42_(wonderful) son.Happy Mother's Day to you.”40

16、A.checking with Blooking after Coperating on Dpraying for8通過“先易后難”解題完形填空中的20個小題總是有難易之分，建議考生先易后難。這樣做的好處是：當(dāng)大部分試題完成之后，文章的情節(jié)就基本完整，這樣把握主旨大意，進而突破細(xì)節(jié)理解就成為可能，從而突破試題中相對較難的題目。典例Arriving in the Sunshine State was rather tiring，but I_38_(managed) to catch a taxi to my_39_and settle in.Next morning，I took another

17、_40_(taxi) to the shopping centre to buy a few souvenirs.39A.hospital Bcompany Cuniversity Daccommodation9通過“排除錯項”解題在掌握文章大意和細(xì)節(jié)的前提下，考生可以通過試填試題中的選項選出和語境最吻合、語義最銜接的一個選項，這種解題方法被稱為“排除錯項”。典例For almost four years，my mother would call us from Brazil every day.Every evening I'd _21_(eagerly) wait for the

18、phone to ring and then tell her every detail of my day.A phone call，however，could never replace her_22_and it was difficult not to feel lonely at times.22A.patience Bpresence Cintelligence Dinfluence10通過“平行結(jié)構(gòu)”解題文章中的意群總是會通過一定的邏輯關(guān)系紐帶連在一起，特別是并列平行的結(jié)構(gòu)。這些結(jié)構(gòu)要么通過標(biāo)點符號體現(xiàn)，要么通過并列連詞連接。一般說來，這些平行并列的結(jié)構(gòu)所表達的語境是一致的，考生解題