中國的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式

1、中國的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟開展模式毛玉如 博士國家清潔生產(chǎn)中心循環(huán)經(jīng)濟是對物質(zhì)閉環(huán)流動型經(jīng)濟的簡稱。循環(huán)經(jīng)濟是一種 “促進人與自然 的協(xié)調(diào)與和諧的經(jīng)濟開展模式，它要求以 減量、再用、循環(huán)3R為社會經(jīng) 濟活動的行為準(zhǔn)那么，運用生態(tài)學(xué)規(guī)律把經(jīng)濟活動組織成一個資源一產(chǎn)品一再生資源的反應(yīng)式流程，實現(xiàn) “低開采、高利用、低排放 ，以最大限度利用進入系 統(tǒng)的物質(zhì)和能量，減少污染排放、提升經(jīng)濟運行質(zhì)量和效益。1999 年以來，在中國經(jīng)濟快速增長帶來的資源環(huán)境壓力及國際環(huán)保新思潮 的影響下， 國家環(huán)?？偩謱㈤_展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟、 建設(shè)生態(tài)工業(yè)園區(qū)作為實現(xiàn)區(qū)域可持 續(xù)開展、經(jīng)濟和環(huán)境 "雙贏"的一個重要舉措，在

2、全國范圍內(nèi)，從不同的層次、角 度和領(lǐng)域，在開展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟方面進行了理論的探索和實踐的嘗試。目前，總局主持通過論證了 13 個國家生態(tài)工業(yè)示范園區(qū)建設(shè)，同時正在進 行 5 個循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點的工作。 20 多個省直轄市、自治區(qū)在不同層次開展了 循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點示范工作。 遼寧、江蘇已制定和實施了全省開展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的實施方 案或規(guī)劃，取得了明顯成效。在生態(tài)工業(yè)示范園區(qū)建設(shè)和循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點的根底上， 結(jié)合中國的特色，初步總結(jié)形成了?生態(tài)工業(yè)園評價指標(biāo)體系?和?循環(huán)經(jīng)濟市 評價指標(biāo)體系?，逐步將中國循環(huán)經(jīng)濟和生態(tài)工業(yè)的建設(shè)引入科技含量高、標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 和高效的軌道。探索和總結(jié)了在中國開展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的模式和運行機制。 如在一個

3、省、 一個市 實施循環(huán)經(jīng)濟的“ 31模式，即在企業(yè)層面開展清潔生產(chǎn)，在工業(yè)園和企業(yè)群 層面建立生態(tài)工業(yè)園， 在城市和區(qū)域?qū)用娼⒀h(huán)型社會； 同時建立廢舊資源再 生利用產(chǎn)業(yè)靜脈產(chǎn)業(yè) 。提出了“政府主導(dǎo)、市場推進、法律標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、政策扶持、 科技支撐、公眾參與的循環(huán)經(jīng)濟運行模式。為了總結(jié)現(xiàn)階段循環(huán)經(jīng)濟試點、 示范的經(jīng)驗， 進一步推動各地循環(huán)經(jīng)濟工作 的開展，根據(jù)目前總局開展試點的生態(tài)工業(yè)示范園區(qū)的行業(yè)和區(qū)域特點及總局 2005 年度工作方案，首期選擇鋼鐵冶煉、鹽化工、磷化工、鋁業(yè)等四個行業(yè)以 及綜合類園區(qū)編寫?循環(huán)經(jīng)濟開展模式? 。預(yù)計 2005年 8 月公布實施。?循環(huán)經(jīng) 濟開展模式?的編寫內(nèi)容包括

4、：行業(yè) /園區(qū)開展現(xiàn)狀、行業(yè) /園區(qū)循環(huán)經(jīng)濟開展?jié)?力、行業(yè) /園區(qū)開展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟典型模式、保障措施分析和案例等五個局部。The Development Pattern of China 's Circular EconomyDr. MAO YuruCHINA NATIONAL CLEANER PRODUCTION CENTERCircular Economy (CE) is the economy development pattern promoting the correspondence and harmony between human beings and nature. I

5、t is required in CE concept that “ReduceR, euse and Recycle should be regarded as the principle of social economic activities. To realize “l(fā)ow exploration, high utilization and low emission th,e economic activit ies should be organized into a reactive flow of “ resource product regenerative resource

6、 In. this way should the substance and energy entering into the system be furthest utilized. Then the pollutant emission will be reduced and the economic operation quality together with efficiency will be improved.CE concept has developed in China as a strategy for reducing the demand of its economy

7、 upon natural resources as well as the damage it causes to natural environments. China 'rsapid industrialization in the last decades has engendered serious problems of depletion of natural resources, degradation of major ecosystems, and pollution extending far beyond its borders. Development bas

8、ed on CE concept will be essential for China to reach an overall well-off society by sustaining fast-paced economic growth while mitigating negative ecological impact and creating more job opportunities.Since 1999， State Environmental Protection Administration of China (SEPA) began to promote CE dev

9、elopment. Establish and improve the demonstration of the circular economic city and eco-industrial park (EIP). Highlight the R&D for the support systems of CE and ecological industry (EI). The CE approach to resource-use efficiency integrates cleaner production (CP) and industrial ecology in a b

10、roader system encompassing industrial firms, networks or chains of firms, EIPs, and regional infrastructure to support resource optimization. State owned and private enterprises, government and private infrastructure, and consumers all have a role in achieving CE development pattern.Under the leader

11、ship of SEPA, different regions and industries carry out pilot projects of CE and EI. At present, there are 13 pilot construction projects of State Demonstration EIP named by SEPA. At the meantime, there goes on 5 circular economic initiatives including Liaoning Province, Guiyang City, Panjing City,

12、 Rizhao City and Yima City. CE initiatives for different levels have been in more than 20 provinces. Assessment Guideline System for EIP and Assessment Guideline System for Circular Economic City are preliminarily concluded out, integrating China 's special feature, on the basis of EIPs construc

13、tion as well as Circular Economic cities. China 'csonstruction of CE and EI has been gradually leading into an orbit of high technology, efficiency and strict criterion.To sum up demonstration experiences and further CE development, SEPA began to organize compiling The D“evelopment Pattern of Ch

14、ina'. s CESteel smelting industry, salt chemical industry, Phosphorus chemical industry, Aluminum industry and integrated industrial park were select firstly according to pilot construction projects. “The Development Pattern of China 'Cisrcular Economywill be promulgated in August.Main contents of “ TheDevelopment Pattern of C