(壓軸專講)2015年中考英語命題要點強化與新題預測非謂語動詞

1、2015年中考命題要點強化與新題預測非謂語動詞【考點串講】中考對非謂語動詞的考查主要有：1動名詞和動詞不定式作主語；2動名詞和動詞不定式作表語，賓語；3動詞不定式作賓語補足語；4動詞不定式作目的狀語；5固定短語搭配。高頻考向一不定式1構(gòu)成：to動詞原形，即：to do形式。其否定形式為：not to do。如：The teacher tells me to finish my homework after school.老師告訴我放學后完成我的作業(yè)。2動詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語和狀語。作主語To help the old is o

2、ur duty.幫助老人是我們的職責。注意：動詞不定式作主語時，為了保持句子的平衡，往往用it作形式主語，而把不定式短語置于謂語動詞之后。“Its adj.of sb.不定式”表示“某人(做某事)”。這一句型中常用表示性質(zhì)、品格的形容詞，常用的有g(shù)ood(好的)，kind(友善的)，nice(好的)，polite(有禮貌的)，clever(聰明的)，foolish(愚蠢的)，lazy(懶惰的)，careful(細心的)，careless(粗心的)，right(正確的)，wrong(錯誤的)等。如：Its kind of you to help me.你幫了我，你真好。“Its adj.for

3、sb.不定式”表示“做某事對某人來說”。常用的形容詞有difficult(困難的)，easy(容易的)，hard(艱難的)，dangerous(危險的)，safe(安全的)，useful(有用的)，pleasant(舒適的)，interesting(有趣的)等。如：Its dangerous for you to climb that tall tree.對你來說，爬上那個高樹是危險的。作表語To eat is to live，but to live is not to eat.吃飯是為了活著，但活著并不是為了吃飯。作賓語常接不定式作賓語的動詞有：decide(決定)，expect(期望)，f

4、orget(忘記)，hope(希望)，pretend(假裝)，try(盡力)等。如：I want to borrow your bike.我想借你的自行車。作賓語補足語常接不定式作賓語補足語的動詞有：ask(要求)，tell(告訴)，want(想要)，teach(教)，wish(希望)，help(幫助)，warn(警告)，invite(邀請)，encourage(鼓勵)等。如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜告訴她的姐姐把電視機的音量調(diào)小點。She asked me to answer the phone while she was out

5、.當她出去的時候，她叫我接電話。作定語動詞不定式作定語時，常置于被修飾名詞之后作后置定語，且被修飾的名詞與不定式的動詞有動賓關(guān)系或介賓關(guān)系。如：He wants some water to drink.他想要些水喝。(動賓)He has no friends to talk with.他沒朋友可以與之交談。(介賓)注意：當不定式修飾的名詞是time，place或way時，不定式后的介詞習慣省去。如：He had no place to live(in)他沒地方住。有些名詞?？捎貌欢ㄊ阶鞫ㄕZ。如：a chance to go to school上學的機會no time to think abou

6、t rest沒時間考慮休息a way to learn(of learning)English學習英語的一種方法作狀語They ran over to welcome us.(表目的)他們跑過來歡迎我們。Paul is too excited to say anything.(表結(jié)果)保羅激動得說不出話來。Im sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉打擾你。注意：有些動詞不定式在使用時，要省去to。具體有：在動詞let，feel，see，look at，watch，have，make，notice，hear等動詞后，動詞不定式作賓語時，要省略to。但在變被動語態(tài)時要加上。如

7、：I heard someone knock at the door.我聽到有人在敲門。We saw him enter the room.我們看到他進了房間。在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等結(jié)構(gòu)的句型后，要用不帶to的不定式。如：Would you please make your bed？請整理下你的床，好嗎？Youd better go to bed early.你最好早點睡覺。3特殊疑問詞動詞不定式能接不定式的疑問詞有：what，which，how，who，when，where等。它們可以在句中作主語、賓語和表語。如：

8、I dont know what to do.我不知該做什么。I dont know how to do it.我不知道該怎么去做這事。I dont know what to do about it.關(guān)于這件事，我不知該做些什么。The question is who to go.問題是誰去?！纠?】 How kind you are！You always do what you can _ others.(2013，十堰)Ahelp Bhelping Chelps Dto help解析：動詞不定式作狀語。句意為“你總是盡你所能來幫助別人”。答案：_D_【例2】 My parents ofte

9、n tell me_too much junk food because its bad for my health.(2013，臨沂)Anot eating Bnot to eatCeating Dto eat解析：tell sb.(not) to do sth.意為“告訴某人(不要)做某事”，動詞不定式做賓語；由原因狀語從句句意“因為那對我的健康不利”可知，此處應(yīng)用動詞不定式的否定形式。答案：_B_【例3】 Why are you so excited today?We were told_a picnic this weekend.(2013，南京)Ahave Bto haveChavi

10、ng Dhad解析：答語是一個被動語態(tài)的句子，結(jié)合選項內(nèi)容可知句意為“我們被告知這個周末要去野餐”。tell (sb.) to do sth.意為“告訴某人做某事”，其被動形式為(sb.)be told to do sth.。答案：_B_【例4】 Why is Linlin practicing speaking English?_abroad for further study.(2013，泰安)AGo BGone CTo go DGoes解析：疑問詞why用于提問原因，動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)可用來表示目的，回答原因。答案：_C_【例5】 Students should learn how _ pr

11、oblem.(2013，雅安)Asolve BsolvingCcan solve Dto solve解析：“特殊疑問詞動詞不定式”在句中作賓語。答案：_D_高頻考向二動名詞動名詞具有名詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可以作主語、表語、賓語、定語等。如：Saying so much is useless.說那么多沒用處。(主語)My greatest pleasure is traveling.我最大的樂趣是旅游。(表語)She enjoys going to the cinema.她喜愛看電影。(賓語)There is a swimming pool here.這兒有一個游泳池。(定語)注意：(1)初中階段常

12、見的接動名詞的動詞或動詞短語有：enjoy(喜歡)，finish(完成)，keep(保持)，practice(練習)，mind(介意)，suggest(建議)，be busy(忙于)；be worth(值得)，cant help(禁不住)，give up(放棄)，be used to(習慣于)，stop/prevent/keepfrom(阻止)，look forward to(盼望)；feel like(想要)；be good at(擅長)；be interested in(對感興趣)；succeed in(成功)等。(2)有些動詞既可接不定式也可接動名詞形式作賓語，但表達的意思不同。如：【要

13、點強化】【例1】【2013山東臨沂】31. My parents often tell me too much junk food because its bad for my health.A. not eatingB. not to eatC. eatingD. to eat【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句子的謂語動詞tell構(gòu)成的常見結(jié)構(gòu)為“tell sb to do sth”或“tell sb not to do sth”。又句意為：我的父母告訴我不要吃太多的垃圾食品，因為他對我的健康有害。故應(yīng)用動詞不定式的否定式。答案：_B_【例2】【2013浙江杭州】24. Shes not stron

14、g enough _ walking up mountains.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went【解析】本題考查非謂語動詞。不定式to go做結(jié)果狀語，由句意“她的年齡還沒足夠達到去爬山的地步”。be enough to do sth 是固定句型，足夠達到什么程度做某事。答案：_A_【例3】【2013重慶】38He lost his keyIt made him _in the cold to wait for his wifes returnAto stay B stayed Cstays Dstay解析：本題考查非謂語動詞。make sb. do表示使某人做某事。句

15、意為“他丟失了鑰匙，這使他呆在寒風中等待他妻子回來”。答案：_D_【例4】【2013湖南邵陽】25. What about a rest?Lets go for a walk.A. to take B. take C. taking【解析】考查非謂語動詞的用法。What about 后接名詞或者動名詞。選C。答案：_C_1【2013，青島】Excuse me.Could you please tell me _B_ my car?Sure.Park is right here.Ill help you.Ahow to stop Bwhere to parkCwhere to stop Dwhe

16、n to park2【2013，嘉興】 Im new here.Dont worry.Ill do what I can _B_ you.Ahelp Bto help Cinvite Dto invite3【2013，上?！縀ven Tonys granddaughter，a fiveyearold girl，asked him _C_ smoking.Agive up Bgave upCto give up Dgiving up4【2013，天津】He promised _D_ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.Asee Bseeing Cs

17、aw Dto see5【2013，內(nèi)江】Our English teacher often says to us，“_B_ English well is very important.” ALearn BLearningCLearned DTo learning【新題預測】【上海市徐匯區(qū)2014年中考二?！?4. It is not very easy for the Chinese _ for a visa(簽證) to the USA. A) apply B) to apply C) applying D) applied【答案】A42. Ill invite you to my new

18、 flat as soon as I finish _ it. A) decorating B) decorate C) to decorate D) decorated【答案】32.A【上海市虹口區(qū)2014年中考二?！?8. My little brother hopes _ the film Dad, Where are We Going, though he has seen it twice.A) to see B) see C) to seeing D) saw【答案】A39. While in college, Mak never minded _ extra work for h

19、is class.A) to do B) doing C) do D) did【答案】39. B 【上海市金山區(qū)2014年中考二?！? ) 42. Children are often warned _ with fire.A) not to playB) to playC) dont playD) doesnt play【答案】A【南京市高淳區(qū)2014年中考一?！?1. Its raining heavily outside. Indeed. I prefer _ at home _ on such a day. A. stay; to go outB. to stay; go outC. staying; to going out D. staying; going out【答案】11.C【江蘇省興化市2014屆九年級中考網(wǎng)上閱卷適應(yīng)性訓練（即一模）