傳動(dòng)軸介紹中英文對(duì)照

1、 專業(yè)英語(yǔ)實(shí)訓(xùn)報(bào)告 班級(jí)：094022 學(xué)號(hào)：09402213 姓名：劉軍傳動(dòng)軸 各式各樣的傳動(dòng)軸傳動(dòng)軸是一個(gè)高轉(zhuǎn)速、少支承的旋轉(zhuǎn)體，因此它的動(dòng)平衡是至關(guān)重要的。一般傳動(dòng)軸在出廠前都要進(jìn)行動(dòng)平衡試驗(yàn)，并在平衡機(jī)上進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。對(duì)前置引擎后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車來(lái)說(shuō)是把變速器的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)傳到主減速器的軸，它可以是好幾節(jié)的，節(jié)與節(jié)之間可以由萬(wàn)向節(jié)連接。一.簡(jiǎn)介 傳動(dòng)軸是由軸管、伸縮套和萬(wàn)向節(jié)組成。傳動(dòng)軸(DriveShaft)連接或裝配各項(xiàng)配件，而又可移動(dòng)或轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的圓形物體配件，一般均使用輕而抗扭性佳的合金鋼管制成。對(duì)前置引擎后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車來(lái)說(shuō)是把變速器的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)傳到主減速器的軸，它可以是好幾節(jié)由萬(wàn)向節(jié)連接。它是一個(gè)高轉(zhuǎn)速、

2、少支承的旋轉(zhuǎn)體，因此它的動(dòng)平衡是至關(guān)重要的。一般傳動(dòng)軸在出廠前都要進(jìn)行動(dòng)平衡試驗(yàn)，并在平衡機(jī)上進(jìn)行了調(diào)整。二.結(jié)構(gòu)傳動(dòng)軸是由軸管、伸縮套和萬(wàn)向節(jié)組成。伸縮套能自動(dòng)調(diào)節(jié)變速器與驅(qū)動(dòng)橋之間距離的變化。萬(wàn)向節(jié)是保證變速器輸出軸與驅(qū)動(dòng)橋輸入軸兩軸線夾角的變化，并實(shí)現(xiàn)兩軸的等角速傳動(dòng)。萬(wàn)向節(jié)1.作用： 一般萬(wàn)向節(jié)由十字軸、十字軸承和凸緣叉等組成。萬(wàn)向節(jié)是汽車傳動(dòng)軸上的關(guān)鍵部件。在前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車輛上，萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)軸安裝在變速器輸出軸與驅(qū)動(dòng)橋主減速器輸入軸之間；而前置發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)的車輛省略了傳動(dòng)軸，萬(wàn)向節(jié)安裝在既負(fù)責(zé)驅(qū)動(dòng)又負(fù)責(zé)轉(zhuǎn)向的前橋半軸與車輪之間。車輛在運(yùn)行中路面不平產(chǎn)生跳動(dòng)，負(fù)荷變化或者兩個(gè)總

3、成安裝位置差異，都會(huì)使得變速器輸出軸與驅(qū)動(dòng)橋主減速器輸入軸之間的夾角和距離發(fā)生變化，因此要用一個(gè)“以變應(yīng)變”的裝置來(lái)解決這一個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此就有了萬(wàn)向節(jié)。 2.傳動(dòng)特點(diǎn)： 在發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)前置后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)（或全輪驅(qū)動(dòng)）的汽車上，由于汽車在運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)程中懸架變形，驅(qū)動(dòng)軸主減速器輸入軸與變速器（或分動(dòng)箱）輸出軸間經(jīng)常有相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)，此外，為有效避開(kāi)某些機(jī)構(gòu)或裝置（無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)直線傳遞），必須有一種裝置來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)動(dòng)力的正常傳遞，于是就出現(xiàn)了萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)。萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)必須具備以下特點(diǎn)： a 、保證所連接兩軸的相對(duì)位置在預(yù)計(jì)范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)時(shí)，能可靠地傳遞動(dòng)力； b 、保證所連接兩軸能均勻運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。由于萬(wàn)向節(jié)夾角而產(chǎn)生的附加載荷、振動(dòng)和噪聲應(yīng)在允許

4、范圍內(nèi)； c 、傳動(dòng)效率要高，使用壽命長(zhǎng)，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，制造方便，維修容易。對(duì)汽車而言，由于一個(gè)十字軸萬(wàn)向節(jié)的輸 出軸相對(duì)于輸入軸（有一定的夾角）是不等速旋轉(zhuǎn)的，為此必須采用雙萬(wàn)向節(jié)（或多萬(wàn)向節(jié)）傳動(dòng)，并把同傳動(dòng)軸相連的兩個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉布置在同一平面，且使兩萬(wàn)向節(jié)的夾角相等。這一點(diǎn)是十分重要的。在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)應(yīng)盡量減小萬(wàn)向節(jié)的夾角。伸縮套傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)的傳動(dòng)軸伸縮套是將花鍵套與凸緣叉焊接在一起，將花鍵軸焊在傳動(dòng)軸管上。新型的的傳動(dòng)軸一改傳統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)，將花鍵套與傳動(dòng)軸管焊接成一體，將花鍵軸與凸緣叉制成一體。并將矩形齒花鍵改成大壓力角漸開(kāi)線短齒花鍵，這樣既增加了強(qiáng)度又便于擠壓成形，適應(yīng)大轉(zhuǎn)矩工況的需要。在伸縮套管和花鍵軸

5、的牙齒表面，整體涂浸了一層尼龍材料，不僅增加了耐磨性和自潤(rùn)滑性，而且減少了沖擊負(fù)荷對(duì)傳動(dòng)軸的損害，提高了緩沖能力。 此種傳動(dòng)軸在凸緣花鍵軸外增加了一個(gè)管形密封保護(hù)套，在該保護(hù)套端部設(shè)置了兩道聚氨酯橡膠油封，使伸縮套內(nèi)形成廠一個(gè)完全密封的空間，使伸縮花鍵軸不受外界沙塵的侵蝕，不僅防塵而且防銹。因此在裝配時(shí)在花鍵軸與套內(nèi)一次性涂抹潤(rùn)滑脂，就完全可以滿足使用要求，不需要裝油嘴潤(rùn)滑，減少了保養(yǎng)內(nèi)容。軸套 是為了減少軸運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)的摩擦與磨損而設(shè)計(jì)出來(lái)的，基本用途與軸承無(wú)異，而且相對(duì)成本較便宜，但摩擦阻力較大，所以只會(huì)使用于部份部件上。軸套大多都以銅制成，但亦有塑膠制的軸套。軸套多被放置于軸與承托結(jié)構(gòu)中，而且

6、非常緊貼承托結(jié)構(gòu)，只有軸能在軸套上轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。在裝配軸與軸套時(shí)，兩者間會(huì)加入潤(rùn)滑劑以減少其轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)產(chǎn)生的摩擦力。三.類型按彈性分傳動(dòng)軸按其重要部件-萬(wàn)向節(jié)的不同，可有不同的分類。如果按萬(wàn)向節(jié)在扭轉(zhuǎn)的方向是否有明顯的彈性可分為剛性萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)軸和撓性萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)軸。 1. 剛性萬(wàn)向節(jié)：靠零件的鉸鏈?zhǔn)铰?lián)接傳遞動(dòng)力的。 2.撓行萬(wàn)向節(jié)：靠彈性零件傳遞動(dòng)力，并具有緩沖減振作用。按角速率分剛性萬(wàn)向節(jié)又可分為不等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)（如十字軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）、準(zhǔn)等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)（如雙聯(lián)式萬(wàn)向節(jié)、三銷軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）和等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)（如球籠式萬(wàn)向節(jié)、球叉式萬(wàn)向節(jié)）。等速與不等速，是指從動(dòng)軸在隨著主動(dòng)軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)時(shí)，兩者的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)角速率是否相等而言的，當(dāng)然，主動(dòng)

7、軸和從動(dòng)軸的平均轉(zhuǎn)速是相等的。 1. 等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)： 主、從動(dòng)軸的角速度在兩軸之間的夾角變動(dòng)時(shí)仍然相等的萬(wàn)向節(jié)，稱為等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)或等角速萬(wàn)向節(jié)。它們主要用于轉(zhuǎn)向驅(qū)動(dòng)橋、斷開(kāi)式驅(qū)動(dòng)橋等的車輪傳動(dòng)裝置中，主要用于轎車中的動(dòng)力傳遞。 2. 不等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)： 主、從動(dòng)軸的角速度在兩軸之間的夾角變動(dòng)時(shí)不相等的萬(wàn)向節(jié)，稱為不等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)，也叫做十字軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)。 十字軸式剛性萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)軸在汽車傳動(dòng)系中用得最廣泛，歷史也最悠久。當(dāng)轎車為后輪驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)，常采用十字軸式萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)軸，對(duì)部分高檔轎車，也有采用等速球頭的；當(dāng)轎車為前輪驅(qū)動(dòng)時(shí)，則常采用等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)等速萬(wàn)向節(jié)也是一種傳動(dòng)軸，只是稱謂不同而已。平時(shí)所說(shuō)的傳動(dòng)軸一般指的就

8、是十字軸式剛性萬(wàn)向節(jié)傳動(dòng)軸。十字軸式剛性萬(wàn)向節(jié)主要用于傳遞角度的變化，一般由突緣叉、十字軸帶滾針軸承總成、萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉或滑動(dòng)叉、中間連接叉或花鍵軸叉、滾針軸承的軸向固定件等組成。 突緣叉是一個(gè)帶法蘭的叉形零件，一般采用中碳鋼或中碳合金鋼的鍛造件，也有采用球墨鑄鐵的砂型鑄造件和中碳鋼或中碳優(yōu)質(zhì)合金鋼的精密鑄造件。突緣叉一般帶一個(gè)平法蘭，也有帶一個(gè)端面梯形齒法蘭的。十字軸帶滾針軸承總成一般包括四個(gè)滾針軸承、一個(gè)十字軸、一個(gè)滑脂嘴。滾針軸承一般由若干個(gè)滾針、一個(gè)軸承碗、一個(gè)多刃口橡膠油封（部分帶骨架）組成。在某些滾針軸承中，還有一個(gè)帶油槽的圓形墊片，有尼龍的，也有采用銅片或其他材料的，主要用于減小萬(wàn)向節(jié)

9、軸向間隙，提高傳動(dòng)軸動(dòng)平衡品質(zhì)。萬(wàn)向節(jié)叉是一個(gè)叉形零件，一般采用中碳鋼或中碳合金鋼的鍛造件，也有采用中碳鋼的精密鑄造件。滾針軸承的軸向固定件一般是孔（或軸）用彈性擋圈（內(nèi)外卡式），或軸承壓板、鎖片、螺栓等。四.用途專用汽車傳動(dòng)軸主要用在油罐車，加油車，灑水車，吸污車，吸糞車，消防車，高壓清洗車，道路清障車，高空作業(yè)車，垃圾車等車型上。五.使用與保養(yǎng)為了確保傳動(dòng)軸的正常工作，延長(zhǎng)其使用壽命，在使用中應(yīng)注意： 1嚴(yán)禁汽車用高速檔起步。 2嚴(yán)禁猛抬離合器踏板。 3嚴(yán)禁汽車超載、超速行駛。 4應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查傳動(dòng)軸工作狀況。 5應(yīng)經(jīng)常檢查傳動(dòng)軸吊架緊固情況，支承橡膠是否損壞，傳動(dòng)軸各連接部位是否松曠，傳動(dòng)軸

10、是否變形。 6為了保證傳動(dòng)軸的動(dòng)平衡，應(yīng)經(jīng)常注意平衡焊片是否脫焊。新傳動(dòng)軸組件是配套提供的，在新傳動(dòng)軸裝車時(shí)應(yīng)注意伸縮套的裝配標(biāo)記，應(yīng)保證凸緣叉在一個(gè)平面內(nèi)。在維修拆卸傳動(dòng)軸時(shí)，應(yīng)在伸縮套與凸緣軸上打印裝配標(biāo)記，以備重新裝配時(shí)保持原裝配關(guān)系不變。 7應(yīng)經(jīng)常為萬(wàn)向節(jié)十字軸承加注潤(rùn)滑脂，夏季應(yīng)注入3號(hào)鋰基潤(rùn)滑脂，冬季注入2號(hào)鋰基潤(rùn)滑脂。差速器汽車發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)離合器、變速器、傳動(dòng)軸，最后傳送到驅(qū)動(dòng)橋再左右分配給半軸驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪，在這條動(dòng)力傳送途徑上，驅(qū)動(dòng)橋是最后一個(gè)總成，它的主要部件是減速器和差速器。一.簡(jiǎn)介 減速器的作用就是減速增矩，這個(gè)功能完全靠齒輪與齒輪之間的嚙合完成，比較容易理解。而差速器就比

11、較難理解，什么叫差速器，為什么要“差速”？ 汽車差速器是驅(qū)動(dòng)橋的主件。它的作用就是在向兩邊半軸傳遞動(dòng)力的同時(shí)，允許兩邊半軸以不同的轉(zhuǎn)速旋轉(zhuǎn)，滿足兩邊車輪盡可能以純滾動(dòng)的形式作不等距行駛，減少輪胎與地面的摩擦。二.功能 汽車在拐彎時(shí)車輪的軌線是圓弧，如果汽車向左轉(zhuǎn)彎，圓弧的中心點(diǎn)在左側(cè)，在相同的時(shí)間里，右側(cè)輪子走的弧線比左側(cè)輪子長(zhǎng)，為了平衡這個(gè)差異，就要左邊輪子慢一點(diǎn)，右邊輪子快一點(diǎn)，用不同的轉(zhuǎn)速來(lái)彌補(bǔ)距離的差異。 如果后輪軸做成一個(gè)整體，就無(wú)法做到兩側(cè)輪子的轉(zhuǎn)速差異，也就是做不到自動(dòng)調(diào)整。為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，早在一百年前，法國(guó)雷諾汽車公司的創(chuàng)始人路易斯·雷諾就設(shè)計(jì)出了差速器這個(gè)東西。

12、三.構(gòu)成 普通差速器由行星齒輪、行星輪架（差速器殼）、半軸齒輪等零件組成。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的動(dòng)力經(jīng)傳動(dòng)軸進(jìn)入差速器，直接驅(qū)動(dòng)行星輪架，再由行星輪帶動(dòng)左、右兩條半軸，分別驅(qū)動(dòng)左、右車輪。差速器的設(shè)計(jì)要求滿足：（左半軸轉(zhuǎn)速） （右半軸轉(zhuǎn)速）=2（行星輪架轉(zhuǎn)速）。當(dāng)汽車直行時(shí)，左、右車輪與行星輪架三者的轉(zhuǎn)速相等處于平衡狀態(tài)，而在汽車轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)三者平衡狀態(tài)被破壞，導(dǎo)致內(nèi)側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速減小，外側(cè)輪轉(zhuǎn)速增加。四.原理 差速器的這種調(diào)整是自動(dòng)的，這里涉及到“最小能耗原理”，也就是地球上所有物體都傾向于耗能最小的狀態(tài)。例如把一粒豆子放進(jìn)一個(gè)碗內(nèi)，豆子會(huì)自動(dòng)停留在碗底而絕不會(huì)停留在碗壁，因?yàn)橥氲资悄芰孔畹偷奈恢茫ㄎ荒埽詣?dòng)選擇

13、靜止（動(dòng)能最小）而不會(huì)不斷運(yùn)動(dòng)。同樣的道理，車輪在轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)也會(huì)自動(dòng)趨向能耗最低的狀態(tài)，自動(dòng)地按照轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑調(diào)整左右輪的轉(zhuǎn)速。 當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)彎時(shí)，由于外側(cè)輪有滑拖的現(xiàn)象，內(nèi)側(cè)輪有滑轉(zhuǎn)的現(xiàn)象，兩個(gè)驅(qū)動(dòng)輪此時(shí)就會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩個(gè)方向相反的附加力，由于“最小能耗原理”，必然導(dǎo)致兩邊車輪的轉(zhuǎn)速不同，從而破壞了三者的平衡關(guān)系，并通過(guò)半軸反映到半軸齒輪上，迫使行星齒輪產(chǎn)生自轉(zhuǎn)，使外側(cè)半軸轉(zhuǎn)速加快，內(nèi)側(cè)半軸轉(zhuǎn)速減慢，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)兩邊車輪轉(zhuǎn)速的差異。 驅(qū)動(dòng)橋兩側(cè)的驅(qū)動(dòng)輪若用一根整軸剛性連接，則兩輪只能以相同的角度旋轉(zhuǎn)。這樣，當(dāng)汽車轉(zhuǎn)向行駛時(shí)，由于外側(cè)車輪要比內(nèi)側(cè)車輪移過(guò)的距離大，將使外側(cè)車輪在滾動(dòng)的同時(shí)產(chǎn)生滑拖，而內(nèi)側(cè)車輪在滾動(dòng)的同時(shí)

14、產(chǎn)生滑轉(zhuǎn)。即使是汽車直線行駛，也會(huì)因路面不平或雖然路面平直但輪胎滾動(dòng)半徑不等（輪胎制造誤差、磨損不同、受載不均或氣壓不等）而引起車輪的滑動(dòng)。 車輪滑動(dòng)時(shí)不僅加劇輪胎磨損、增加功率和燃料消耗，還會(huì)使汽車轉(zhuǎn)向困難、制動(dòng)性能變差。為使車輪盡可能不發(fā)生滑動(dòng)，在結(jié)構(gòu)上必須保證各車輪能以不同的角度轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)。 軸間差速器：通常從動(dòng)車輪用軸承支承在主軸上，使之能以任何角度旋轉(zhuǎn)，而驅(qū)動(dòng)車輪分別與兩根半軸剛性連接，在兩根半軸之間裝有差速器。這種差速器又稱為軸間差速器。 多軸驅(qū)動(dòng)的越野汽車，為使各驅(qū)動(dòng)橋能以不同角速度旋轉(zhuǎn)，以消除各橋上驅(qū)動(dòng)輪的滑動(dòng)，有的在兩驅(qū)動(dòng)橋之間裝有軸間差速器。五.差速器的檢修 1差速器殼不能有任何

15、性質(zhì)的裂紋，殼體與行星齒輪墊片,差速器半軸齒輪之間的接觸，應(yīng)光滑無(wú)溝槽；若有輕微溝槽或磨損,可修磨后繼續(xù)使用，否則應(yīng)予更換或予以修理。 2差速器殼上行星齒輪軸孔與行星齒輪輪軸的配合間隙不得大于0.1-0.15mm,半軸齒輪軸頸與殼孔的配合為間隙配合，應(yīng)無(wú)明顯松曠感覺(jué),否則應(yīng)予更換或修理。半軸半軸（Driver Shaft）也叫驅(qū)動(dòng)軸（CVJ）。半軸是變速箱減速器與驅(qū)動(dòng)輪之間傳遞扭矩的軸，其內(nèi)外端各有一個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)（U/JOINT)分別通過(guò)萬(wàn)向節(jié)上的花鍵與減速器齒輪及輪轂軸承內(nèi)圈連接。半軸（Driver Shaft）也叫驅(qū)動(dòng)軸（CVJ）。 半軸是變速箱減速器與驅(qū)動(dòng)輪之間傳扭矩的軸（以前實(shí)心居多，但由

16、于空心軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)不平衡控制更容易，因此，很多轎車上都采用空心軸），其內(nèi)外端各有一個(gè)萬(wàn)向節(jié)（U/JOINT)分別通過(guò)萬(wàn)向節(jié)上的花鍵與減速器齒輪及輪轂軸承內(nèi)圈連接。 現(xiàn)代汽車常用的半軸，根據(jù)其支承型式不同，有全浮式和半浮式兩種： 全浮式半軸只傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩，不承受任何反力和彎矩，與獨(dú)立懸掛配合有利于提高車輛的舒適性，因而廣泛應(yīng)用于各類汽車上。全浮式半軸易于拆裝，維修保養(yǎng)時(shí)只需擰下半軸的固定螺栓即可抽出半軸，而車輪與橋殼照樣能支持汽車，從而給汽車維護(hù)帶來(lái)方便。 半浮式半軸既傳遞扭矩又承受全部反力和彎矩。它的支承結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、成本低，主要適用在對(duì)舒適型要求不高的皮卡及SUV車輛上。但這種半軸支承拆取麻煩，且汽車行駛

17、中若半軸折斷則易造成車輪飛脫的危險(xiǎn)，屬于即將淘汰的形式。Transmission shaft A wide range of drive shaft drive shaft is a high-speed, less support rotation, so it's dynamic balance is crucial. General drive shaft should be carried out at the factory dynamic balance test, and were adjusted on the balancing machine. The front-

18、engine rear-wheel drive car is the rotation of the transmission reached the final drive shaft, which can be several sections, connected by universal joints between the Festival and the Festival.I.IntroductionThe drive shaft is the shaft tube, telescopic universal join. The driveshaft (Drive Shaft,)

19、or assembly of the various accessories and a removable or rotating circular object parts, generally light and torsion resistance of alloy steel control .The front-engine rear-wheel drive car is the rotation of the transmission reached the final drive shaft, which can be several sections connected by

20、 universal joints. It is a high speed rotating body, and less support, so that it's dynamic balance is crucial. General drive shaft should be carried out at the factory dynamic balance test, and were adjusted on the balancing machine.II.StructureThe drive shaft is the shaft tube, telescopic univ

21、ersal joint. The telescopic automatically adjust the distance between the transmission and drive axle. The universal joint is to ensure that the change of the transmission output shaft and drive axle input shaft axis angle, and two axes of the isometric speed transmission.Universal joint 1. role: ge

22、neral universal joint cross shaft cross bearings and flange fork components. The universal joint is a key component of automotive transmission. On the front engine rear-wheel drive vehicles, shafts installed in between the transmission output shaft and drive axle main gear box input shaft; front eng

23、ine front-wheel drive vehicle is omitted, the drive shaft, universal joint installation responsible for both the driver is also responsible for steering the front axle axle between the wheels. Vehicle running road surface roughness generated beat, changes in load or two assembly installation locatio

24、n differences will make the angle and distance between the transmission output shaft and drive axle main gear box input shaft change, so use a variable strain "of the device to solve this problem, so there will be a universal joint.  2. Transmission characteristics: in the front engin

25、e rear-wheel drive (or all-wheel drive) car, car suspension deformation process in motion, drive shaft main gear box input shaft and the transmission output shaft (or transfer case) often have relative motion, In addition, to effectively avoid certain institutions or device (can not achieve a straig

26、ht line passing), there must be a device to the normal transfer of power to achieve, so it was a universal joint drive. Universal Joints must have the following characteristics:, to ensure the relative position of connecting the two axes in the expected range of changes can be reliably deliver power

27、; b guarantee that connect the two axes are uniform operation. Additional load, vibration and noise due to the gimbal angle should be within the allowable range; a. To ensure that the changes of the relative position within the expected range connecting the two axes, reliable delivery of power.b. En

28、sure that connecting the two axes can even operate. Additional load, vibration and noise due to the gimbal angle should be within the allowable range.c. Transmission efficiency, long life, simple structure, and the convenience and easy maintenance. The car, the output shaft of a cross shaft universa

29、l joint relative to the input shaft (the angle) is the transmission of constant speed rotation, this must be the universal joint (or gimbal) and two yokes connected with the drive shaft is arranged in the same plane, and twenty thousand to the section angle equal. This is very important. Should be d

30、esigned to minimize the angle of the gimbal.TelescopicThe traditional structure of the drive shaft telescopic splined sleeve and flange fork welded together, the splined shaft welded to the drive shaft tube. A new drive shaft to change the traditional structure, spline bushing welded into one tube w

31、ith the drive shaft, spline shaft flange fork made one. And rectangular tooth spline into a large pressure angle involute short tooth spline, not only increasing the strength and easy extrusion, to meet the needs of the high torque conditions. In the boom and spline shaft of the tooth surface, the o

32、verall coating soaked in a layer of nylon material, not only increases the wear resistance and lubricity and reduces the impact load on the damage to the drive shaft, to improve the buffering capacity.     Such drive shaft flange spend shaft away a tube-shaped sealing protective

33、sleeve, set in the protective sleeve end of the two polyurethane rubber oil seals, telescopic kit to the formation of the plant is a fully enclosed space, so that the telescopic spend shaft from the outside world of sand and dust erosion, not only the dust and rust-proof. Spline shaft assembly compr

34、ising a one-time smear grease, fully meet the requirements do not need to install glib lubrication, reducing maintenance content.SleeveAnd designed in order to reduce friction and wear when the axis motion, the basic purpose and bearing the same, and relatively cheaper cost, but the frictional resis

35、tance, so will only be used in the majority of components. The bushings are mostly made of copper, but also the plastic sleeve. More than the sleeve was placed on the shaft and supporting structure, and very close to the supporting structure, only axis of rotation in the sleeve. Lubricant between th

36、e two will join in the assembly of the shaft and sleeve to reduce friction in the rotation.III.TypeBy elastic sub The drive shaft according to the important parts - the universal joint of different, may have a different classification. Universal joint in the reverse direction, significant flexibilit

37、y can be divided into rigid shafts and flexible shafts. A rigid universal joints transmit power: by parts hinged connection.   Scratch line universal joint transmission of power: depend on the elastic parts and buffer damping effect.Points according to the angular rate Rigid universal join

38、t can be divided into the three pin-type universal joints constant velocity joints (such as the cross shaft universal joint), the quasi-constant velocity joints (such as a double universal joint), and isokinetic universal joint (such as Cage universal joints, fork-ball universal joints). Constant sp

39、eed with constant speed, the driven shaft with the driving shaft rotates, the rotation of the two angular rate are equal in terms of, of course, the driving shaft and driven shaft average speed is equal.CVJ: master, slave axis angular velocity is still equal to the change of the angle between the ax

40、is of two universal joints, known as constant velocity joints or isometric speed gimbal. They are mainly used for the steering drive axle disconnect the drive bridges the wheel gear is mainly used for power transmission in the car.Not CVJ: Lord, the angular velocity of the driven shaft is not equal

41、to the change of the angle between the axis of two universal joints, called constant velocity joints, also known as cross-axis gimbal .    Cross-axis rigid shafts used in the automotive powertrain is the most extensive history of the oldest. When the car is rear-wheel drive, ofte

42、n cross shaft universal joint drive shafts, constant velocity ball head; when the car is front wheel drive is often used to the constant velocity joints on the part of the high-end cars, but also - and so on speed universal joint is also a drive shaft, just a different title. Usually said drive shaf

43、t generally refers to is the cross-axis rigid shafts. Cross-Axis Rigid universal joint is used to pass changes in the angle, generally lug fork cross shaft with needle bearing assembly, yokes or sliding fork, the middle connection fork or splined shaft fork, needle roller bearings axial fasteners an

44、d other components.    Lug fork is a fork parts with flange, commonly used in carbon steel or carbon steel forgings, ductile iron sand casting and carbon steel or high-quality carbon alloy steel precision casting. Lug fork generally with a flat flange, also with a face trapezoida

45、l tooth flange. Cross shaft with needle bearing assembly generally includes four needle roller bearings, and a cross shaft, a Grease mouth. Needle roller bearings are generally made up of a number of a needle, one bearing a bowl, composed of more than one edge rubber seal (part with the skeleton). S

46、ome needle roller bearings, as well as one with a tank round gaskets, nylon, using copper or other materials, mainly used to reduce the axial clearance of the universal joint, improve the quality of drive shaft balancing . The Yokes a fork parts, commonly used in carbon steel or medium carbon alloy

47、steel forging, precision casting of medium carbon steel. Axial needle roller bearings fixed general is a hole (or axis) Spring Collar (inside and outside the cassette), or bearing plate, locks, bolts, and so on.IV.UseThe dedicated automotive transmission is mainly used in the tanker, tanker truck, w

48、ater truck, suction sewage truck, suction truck, fire engine, high pressure cleaning truck, wrecker, truck, garbage truck models.V.Use and maintenanceIn order to ensure the normal work of the drive shaft, extending its life, in use should be noted: 1. Prohibited the car to start with a high speed fi

49、le.    2. Meng lift the clutch pedal is strictly prohibited.    3. Prohibited automobile overloading and speeding.   4. Should always check the drive shaft working conditions.    5 Should always check the drive shaft hanger fasten

50、ing, supporting the rubber is damaged, drive shaft joints Songkuang, the drive shaft is deformed.    6. In order to ensure the balancing of the drive shaft should always pay attention to the balance of the solder film sealing off. The new driveshaft components are complemented by

51、 the new drive shaft loading should pay attention to the telescopic assembly marks, should ensure that the flange fork in one plane. Maintenance of the demolition drive shaft assembly mark, print telescopic flange shaft to prepare re-assembly to maintain the original assembly relationship unchanged.

52、    7. Should always be the universal joint cross bearing lubrication, the summer should be injected into the 3rd lithium grease, winter injected into the No. 2 lithium grease.DifferentialAutomotive engine power through the clutch, transmission, drive shaft, and finally transmitt

53、ed to the drive axle or so allocated to the axle drive wheels, in this dynamic means of transmission, drive axle is the last assembly, and its main components is the reducer and differential.I.Introduction    The role of the reducer is to slow the increase in moment, this feature

54、 relies entirely on the engagement between the gear and the gear is easier to understand. Differential is more difficult to understand, what is the differential, differential Why? The automobile differential is the main parts of the drive axle. Its role in the transmission of power to both sides of

55、the axle at the same time, allowing both sides of the axle to the different speeds, to meet both sides of the wheel as far as possible the form of pure rolling isometric driving, reduce the friction of the tire with the ground.II.Function    Car when turning the wheel trajectory

56、arc, if the car to turn left, the center of the arc on the left, at the same time, the arc of the wheel on the right to go longer than the left side of the wheel, in order to balance the difference , it is necessary to the left of the wheel a little slower, the right wheel faster to compensate for d

57、ifferences in the distance with a different speed.    If the rear axle is made of a whole, can not be done on both sides of the wheel speed difference is, can not automatically adjust. To solve this problem as early as a hundred years ago, Louis Renault, France's Renault car

58、company's founder, designed a differential of this thing.III.Form    The ordinary differential planetary gear, planetary gear frame (differential case), axle gear parts. The power of the engine through the drive shaft into the differential, direct drive planetary gear frame, driven by the planetary gear left, right, two axle, respectively, drive left and right wheels. The differential design requirements are satisfied: (left axle speed) (right axle shaft speed) = 2 (planetary gear frame speed). As the car go stra