名詞所有格講解及練習(xí)

1、名詞所有格講解及練習(xí)格是名詞的語法范疇之一。它是名詞和代詞的一種變化形式,在句中表示與其它詞的關(guān)系。名詞有三個(gè)格:主格、賓格和所有格。在英語中有些名詞可以加“s”來表示所有關(guān)系,帶這種詞尾的名詞形式稱為該名詞的所有格,如:a teachers book。它有兩種不同的形式:一、在名詞尾加s。主要表示有生命的事物或自然界獨(dú)一無二的某些空間和時(shí)間名詞的所有格,如the worlds, the suns,the earths,todays,yesterdays等。1. 單數(shù)名詞詞尾加“s”,復(fù)數(shù)名詞詞尾沒有s,也要加“s”。例the boys bag 男孩的書包mens room 男廁所2. 若名詞

2、已有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾又是s ,只加“”。例the workers struggle工人的斗爭(zhēng)3. 凡不能加“s”的名詞,都可以用“名詞+of +名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)來表示所有關(guān)系。例the title of the song 歌的名字4. 在表示店鋪或教堂的名字或某人的家時(shí),名詞所有格的后面常常不出現(xiàn)它所修飾的名詞。例the barbers 理發(fā)店5. 如果兩個(gè)名詞并列,并且分別有s,則表示“分別有”;只有一個(gè)s,則表示“共有”。例Johns and Marys room(兩間John and Marys room(一間6. 在復(fù)合名詞或短語中,s 加在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾。例a month or twos ab

3、sence7.作為一個(gè)整體的詞組,一般在最后一個(gè)詞的詞尾加s。例an hour and a halfs walk (步行一個(gè)半小時(shí)的路程Carol and Ch arles boat (卡咯和查爾斯兩人共有的船8. 不定代詞后接else , 所有格放在else 上。例somebody elses bag9. 下列情況可以將s 所有格中的名詞省略。1名詞所有格所修飾的詞, 如果前面已經(jīng)提到,往往可以省略,以免重復(fù)。例This notebook is not mine, nor Johns, nor Peters. 這個(gè)筆記本不是我的,也不是約翰和比特的。The dictionary isnt m

4、ine, but Jennys. 這本詞典不是我的,而是珍妮的。2名詞所有格后面有指地點(diǎn)等的名詞時(shí), 有的在習(xí)慣上可以省略。例Before Christmas, there were lots of customers at the Richarsons.the doctors(office醫(yī)生的診所my uncles(house我叔叔的家10.起修飾作用的名詞,如不表示所有關(guān)系,通常不用s。例room number tooth brush二、另外一種所有格是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成的名詞短語1.名詞的所有格形式除s外,還可用of+名詞構(gòu)成短語修飾前面的名詞或表示兩個(gè)名詞間的所有關(guān)系。2. 使用名

5、詞所有格須注意: 一般地說,s 所有格多用于有生命的東西,of 所有格多用于無生命的東西,但也有許多例外。1表示天體的名詞的所有格用s。例the suns heat the moons surface2表示地區(qū)機(jī)構(gòu)的名詞的所有格用s。例the citys developmentthe governmen ts plan3表示度量與貨幣價(jià)值的所有格用s。例ten kilometres distance200 dollars worth of goods4表示“有關(guān)”非所有關(guān)系的用of 介詞短語。例students of the school the statue of liberty5表示同位關(guān)

6、系的用of 介詞短語。例the city of Pisa6表示部分或全部的用of 介詞短語。例the bottom of the sea the majority of people7表示抽象概念的用of 介詞短語。例the cost of living the news of success8名詞本身帶有后置修飾語或含有“the + 形容詞”表示一類人,其所有格用of 介詞短語。例the housing problem of the poorthe skills of the workers who have been well trained9有些表示時(shí)間、距離等無生命和表示世界、國家、城

7、鎮(zhèn)等的名詞,也可以在詞尾加s 或“ ”,變成相應(yīng)的所有格。例five minutes walk 五分鐘的路程todays newspaper 今天的報(bào)紙3.雙重所有格雙重所有格即“ of + 名詞s 所有格”,表示整體中的一個(gè)或部分。用于修飾of前面的名詞,但此時(shí)of前面的名詞一定要有一個(gè)a(an,two,any,some,several,no,few, another或this,that,these,those之類的修飾語(這個(gè)修飾語一般不能是one和the。雙重所有格也可由“of+名詞性物主代詞”構(gòu)成, 如:a friend of mine 我的一位朋友。例Do you know any

8、friends of my husbands?Two classmates of my sisters will come to join us.注:在雙重所有格中,用作介詞補(bǔ)足成分的所有格的名詞必須是確定特指的,而且一般指人。例an old friend of my fathers(=one of my fathers old f riends我父親的一個(gè)老朋友this lovely baby of my aunts 我姨媽的可愛的孩子【鞏固訓(xùn)練】1. Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both

9、 of the _.A. rooms numberB. Room numberC. Rooms numberD. Room numbers解析本題應(yīng)選A。起修飾作用的名詞,如不表示所有關(guān)系,通常不用s。本題房間和號(hào)碼不是所有關(guān)系。2. The newly-built library is a _ building.A. five-storeyB. Five storeysC. Five-storeysD. Five storeys解析本題應(yīng)選D。3. - Whose umbrella is it?- Its _.A. somebody elsesB. Somebody elseC. Someb

10、odys elsesD. Somebodys else解析本題應(yīng)選A。不定代詞后接else , 所有格放在else 上。4. I feel terribly hot, Whats the _?A. temperature of roomB. Rooms temperatureC. Room temperatureD. Temperature of rooms解析本題應(yīng)選A。5. _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas.A. The evensB. The EvensC. The EvensesD. The

11、Evenses解析本題應(yīng)選B。6.The girl talking to Mary is a friend of _.A. Marys sisterB. Mary sistersC. Marys sistersD. Sister of Marys解析本題應(yīng)選A。那個(gè)女孩是瑪莉的姐姐的朋友。7. The woman over there is _ mother.A. Julia and ShelleysB. Julias and ShelleysC. Julia and ShelleyD. Julias and Shelley解析本題應(yīng)選A。那個(gè)婦女是單數(shù),是一個(gè)人。應(yīng)該是朱莉婭和謝莉兩人共同的

12、母親。8. He is very tired. He needs _.A. a night restB. a rest nightC. a nights restD. a rest of night解析本題應(yīng)選C。9.-Excuse me,where are _ offices?-Over there.A.teachersB.teachersC.the teachersD.the teachers解析本題應(yīng)選D。D項(xiàng)的the teachers是復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格形式,修飾復(fù)數(shù)中心名詞offices。C項(xiàng)the teachers是單數(shù)名詞所有格形式,從語法上講不符合上下文,并且從內(nèi)容上講單個(gè)老師擁

13、有若干offices也講不通,故舍之。A、B項(xiàng)前面少了定冠詞the,成了泛指的offices,無法達(dá)到交際的目的,因此也不選。10. It is widely believed that the pull of gravity on a falling raindrop changes round shape into a teardrop shape.A. of the dropB. the dropsC. drop ofD. drops the解析本題應(yīng)選B?！癐t”是形式主語?！皌hat”引導(dǎo)的是主語從句。主語從句的謂語是“changesinto”“把變成”。其中“into”的前后應(yīng)是對(duì)

14、應(yīng)的平行結(jié)構(gòu)。很明顯A和D都不行,不能把“changes”誤作名詞。C改變了“into”的平行關(guān)系。只有B既能與前邊的動(dòng)詞“changes”銜接,又能保持“into”的平行關(guān)系。11.Today is September 10th. Its_ Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A. TeacherB. TeachersC. the TeachersD. Teachers解析本題應(yīng)選B。注意不加冠詞。2003年北京西城區(qū)、天津市和2002年長(zhǎng)沙市試題都考查了這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)。12.Well have a _ holiday. What

15、 about going to the West Lake?A. two daysB. two-dayC. two-daysD. two days解析本題應(yīng)選B。注意不同的表達(dá)方式:a two days holiday或a two-day holiday。13.This is my dress. That one is _.A. MaryB. MarysC. sisterD. mother解析本題應(yīng)選B。one指代前面所提的dress。那件裙子是瑪莉的,表示裙子屬于瑪莉。14. The is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A. bicy

16、cles shopB. bicycle shopC. bicycles shopD. bicycles shop解析本題應(yīng)選B。名詞作定語可分兩種情況,一是名詞所有格;二是表示中心詞的性質(zhì)、材料、類別或性別等時(shí),一般直接用名詞的單數(shù)形式,只有clothes, parents, goods, sports, sales 等少數(shù)幾個(gè)名詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。此處指商店的性質(zhì),用單數(shù)形式,意思為:自行車商店就在拐角處,你不會(huì)錯(cuò)過它。15.The village is far away from her indeed. Its walk.A. a four hourB. a four hoursC. a f

17、our-hoursD. a four hours解析本題應(yīng)選D。冠詞、數(shù)詞、量詞和名詞連用有兩種形式:一種是a+數(shù)詞+量詞的名詞所有格+名詞,如果數(shù)詞大于“1”,量詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式,如:a four miles journey; 另一種是:a+數(shù)詞-量詞+名詞,這時(shí)量詞要用單數(shù)形式。如:a four-mile walk.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空:1.March 8th is _Day. (woman.2.Taking twenty _(分鐘 exercise every day is good for your health.3.The shop sells _(婦女 handbags.4.Tea

18、chers in western countries have a _(三個(gè)月的 holiday ina year.5.Ill give my English teacher a card for _Day. (teacher6.Its only ten _walk from the station to the hotel. (minute7.Its an _(hour ride from here to the museum.Answers:1.Womens2. minutes3. womens4. three months5. Teachers6. minutes7. hours選擇填空

19、:1.-Hows Joys skirt?-Her skirt is more beautiful than _.A.her sisters and KateB.her sister and KateC.her sister and KatesD.her sisters and Kates2.This is _ room. The twin sisters like it very much.A.Lucys and LilysB.Lucys and LilyC.Lucy and Lilys3.In _ time, those mountains will be covered with tree

20、s, too.A.few yearsB.a few yearsC.a few yearD.a few years4.We will have a _holiday after the exam.A. two monthB. twomonthC. two monthsD. twomonths5.Did you hear the _report?A. policemenB. policemensC. policemensD. policemens6.Its about _walk from my home.A. ten minuteB. ten minutesC. ten minutesD. te

21、n minutes7.This is my dress. That one is _.A. MaryB. MarysC. sisterD. mother8.Every morning Mr. Smith takes a _ to his office.A. 20 minutes walkB. 20 minutes walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk 9.Where is _ sweater ? I cant see it.A. LucyB. LucysC. Lucys10._ mothers made them have piano lessons.

22、A. Peter and AnneB. Peters and AnnesC. Peters and AnneD. Peter and Annes11.The room on the right is _.A. herB. sheC. LucysD. Lucy12.Well have a _ holiday. What about going to the West Lake?A. two days B. two-day C. two-days days holiday/two-day holiday） D. two-days（兩天的假期：two 13The market isnt far fr

23、om here. Its only _ bicycle ride. A. half an hours half 14Wheres your father ? At _. A. Mr Greens B. Mr. Green C. the Mr. Greens B. half an hours C. half an hour D. an hour and a 15The twin brothers always put small presents in _stockings on Christmas Day. A. each others B. each other C. each others

24、 D. each others 16My father will have a _ holiday next month. Hell take me to Qingdao. A. ten days B. ten days C. ten-days D. ten days 17Where have you been these days? I have been to Bei Daihe with a friend _. A. in Chinese B. of Japan C. of Americans D. from Canada 18When we saw the film Hero, I sat between Ted and Ben. That is to say my seat was between _. A. Ted and Ben Bens B. Teds and Ben C. Ted and Bens D. Teds and 19It is said that SARS has killed more than _ people wo