2012屆高三英語二輪復習精品學案(湖北專用)：第4模塊-完成句子-專題3-非謂語動詞(共13頁)

1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上2012屆高三英語二輪復習精品學案（湖北專用）：第4模塊 完成句子 專題三非謂語動詞專題導讀非謂語動詞以其形式多樣、結構復雜、內涵豐富、功能較多而成為高中英語教學的重點和難點，同時也是歷屆高考的重點測試項目。從近幾年湖北高考完成句子的試題看，對非謂語動詞的考查立意較低，強調對非謂語動詞基本概念、基本結構及其基本功能的考查?？疾閮热萆婕胺侵^語動詞的各種時態(tài)與語態(tài)；不定式、現在分詞及過去分詞作狀語、補足語、定語，以及動名詞用作主語、賓語，還有獨立主格結構等。一般來說，重復考查同一概念的幾率較小，所以復習時要善于分析歸納知識盲區(qū)，并進行針對性的訓練，以提高學習的有效性。五年

2、高考已考測試點： 非謂語作狀語；非謂語作主語；非謂語作賓語；非謂語作定語；獨立主格結構。2012年復習備考考點聚焦： 考點(1)非謂語作主語和賓語其主要考點如下： 1動名詞作主語及其復合結構和主語從句之間的轉換。如： His being elected our team leader (That he was elected our team leader)made us all very excited.他被選為我們的隊長，這使我們都很興奮。2接v.­ing形式作賓語的動詞。 下列動詞后只能接動名詞：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, can't h

3、elp, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit等。下列動詞短語后接動名詞：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, feel like, devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth等。介詞后要接動名詞：what about，how about，without，be fond of，be g

4、ood at等。3接不定式和動名詞作賓語意義有別的動詞。remember to do sth.記住要做某事；remember doing sth.記得做過某事forget to do sth.忘記要做某事； forget doing sth.忘記做過某事regret to do sth.遺憾要做某事； regret doing sth.后悔做過某事try to do sth.設法，試圖； try doing sth.試試看，試一試mean to do sth.打算做，想要；mean doing sth.意味著，就是注：need/want/require doing(to be done) 需要

5、被做4. “特殊疑問詞 不定式”結構作主語和賓語。下列動詞后可接“特殊疑問詞不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find，out，advise，discuss等。5. “wish/intend/plan/mean to have done”表示過去未曾實現的愿望。6?？季湫停?1)It's adj./n. to do和It's no good/no use doing(2)It is good(nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid)of sb. to do sth.It is possible(

6、important, necessary)for sb. to do sth. (3)consider, think, make, feel, find, know, regard, believe it 賓補(adj./n.)to do sth. (4)have trouble/difficulty/a good time(in) doing； (5)It takes sb. some time to do sth.(6)have no choice but to do sth./cannot help but do sth. 考點(2)非謂語作定語和補語其主要考點如下：1分詞、不定式作定語

7、的區(qū)別。過去分詞作定語表示被動的、完成的動作，或是不具有時間性的概念；現在分詞表示動作正在發(fā)生或與謂語同時發(fā)生；不定式一般表示未來的、具體的動作。此外，分詞作定語時經常和定語從句相互轉化。如：The Computer Centre , built last year(完成的、被動的), costs lots of money, being built now(進行的、被動的)。相應時態(tài)的定語從句：The Computer Centre, which was built last year, costs lot of money, which is being built now.2分詞、不定式

8、作補語的區(qū)別?，F在分詞強調動作的進行；過去分詞強調動作的被動性、完成性；不定式側重動作的全過程。常帶分詞、不定式作補語的兩類典型動詞：(1)種類：感官動詞see, notice, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find等。使役動詞have, make, get, leave, send, keep等。(2)結構：see(watch, notice)賓語 doing/being done/done/do(主動)be seen (watched, noticed) doing/being done/done/to d

9、o(被動) 3不定式作定語的特殊用法。(1)下列詞語后常接不定式作定語：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。(2)不定式有時要用主動形式表示被動意義。不定式的邏輯主語和邏輯賓語都出現在不定式前面，只能用主動形式；若在句中找不到不定式的邏輯主語，則用不定式的被動形式。如：Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的邏輯主語為句子的主語you)Do you have anything to

10、be washed？(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人來做)在形容詞以及含有形容詞的名詞后的不定式，一般用主動形式表示被動意義，其中形容詞常見的有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如：The work is impossible to finish in two days.(The work is finished)4?？季湫停篵e reported/said/to do/to be doing/to have done考點(3)非謂語作狀語和表語其主要考點如下：1現在分詞、過去分詞和不定式作狀語的區(qū)別。不定式作狀語，修飾

11、動詞，在句中表示行為目的、結果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的結果。in order(not) to, so as(not)to用來引導目的狀語；enough, too, soas to do, suchas to do作結果狀語，如：The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus. I'm not such a fool as to believe that.現在分詞和過去分詞主要作時間、原因、條件、讓步、方式和伴隨狀語，兩者不同之處在于：現在分詞作狀語時，現在分詞的動作與句子主語之間是主動關系，而過去分詞作狀

12、語時，其動作與句子主語之間是被動關系。2現在分詞和過去分詞作表語的區(qū)別?，F在分詞作表語表示主語所具有的特征，有“令人”之意，如amusing, exciting, interesting, surprising；過去分詞說明主語所處的狀態(tài)，有“對感覺如何”之意，如excited, relaxed, worried, shocked, disappointed3常考句型：句型：ones dream/plan/goal/aim/intention/purpose/ is to do sth.sth. remain done (某事某物處于狀態(tài))/ sth. remain to be done(un

13、done)(某事某物有待于) do all one can to do sth.意為“盡力做”tooadj./adv.to do sth.結構表示否定意義，意為“太而不能”too ready(glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy)to結構表示肯定意義。 考點(4)獨立分詞結構：名稱或代詞主格分詞 如果構成分詞的動詞與其邏輯主語之間是主謂關系，則使用表示主動意義的現在分詞；如果構成分詞的動詞與其邏輯主語之間是動賓關系，則使用表示被動意義的過去分詞；如： The problems solved ( As the problems were solved),

14、the quality has been improved.隨著問題的解決，質量已經提高了。 考點(5)獨立不定式結構：名稱或代詞主格不定式 不定式的主動形式。在獨立不定式結構中，如果“名詞或代詞主格”是“不定式”動作的發(fā)生者，則兩者在邏輯上存在主謂關系，用不定式的主動形式。如：Nobody to help us tomorrow, we can't finish our task ahead of time. 明天沒有人來幫忙，我們不可能提前完成任務。 不定式的被動形式。如果“名詞或代詞主格”是“不定式”動作的承受者，則兩者在邏輯上存在動賓關系，用不定式的被動形式。 如：More p

15、resents to be given, she will find it difficult to accept. 再多給她一些禮物，她就會覺得很難接受。 考點(6)with賓語賓語補足語 充當賓語補足語的是形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語等。其中不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的、將來的動作；動詞的­ing形式表示主動的、正在進行的動作；過去分詞則強調被動意義，也可表示動作已完成。考點(7)特色句式There being 名詞或代詞主格。這是獨立主格結構的一種特殊形式，在意義上表示存在，充當原因狀語或條件狀語，其中的being不能省略。如： There being nothing inte

16、resting in the lecture ( As there was nothing interesting in the lecture), the listeners felt a bit sleepy. 因為演講中沒有什么令人感興趣的東西，聽眾感到有點困倦。 有的分詞短語可以獨立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯主語。如：generally speaking，judging from/by，supposing(假如)等。有些固定短語是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場或態(tài)度，在句子中作獨立成分。如：to be honest，to be sure, to tell you the truth，to

17、 cut a long story short，to be frank，to make matters/things worse等等。 真題典例12011·湖北卷 It was cold and damp; the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _(凍僵了的臉)(freeze)1frozenface考查過去分詞作前置定語。face和freeze之間是被動關系，故用過去分詞作定語。答案為frozenface。 22011·湖北卷 _(把鑰匙握在手上), he looked for them everywhe

18、re. (hold)2Holding the keys in the/(his)hand/With the keys held in the(his)hand/The keys held in the/(his)hand考查現在分詞作伴隨狀語。其中，hold和he之間構成的是主動關系，故用現在分詞，其答案為Holding the keys in the/ his hand。同時，表示伴隨狀態(tài)的狀語還可以用with的復合結構，這個時候key和hold之間構成的就是被動關系，故其答案為With the keys held in the/his hand；不僅如此，主分句的動詞的邏輯主語不一致，故此

19、處還可以運用獨立主格結構，其答案為The keys held in the/his hand。 32011·湖北卷 A number of the paintings in this castle are believed _(被毀掉)in a fire in 2009.(destroy)3to have been destroyed考查不定式用法。It be said/believed/thought/considered/reported that sb./sth.sb./sth. be said/believed/thought/considered/reported to是一

20、固定結構。根據句子含義，“毀掉”這個動作發(fā)生在“認為”之前，并且已經完成，故選擇不定式的完成時to have done；同時，paintings和destroyed之間是被動關系，故答案為被動完成時to have been destroyed。42010·湖北卷 _(不會用)a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research. (use)4Not being able to use/Being unable to use/Not being capable of using/Being inca

21、pable of using考查動名詞作主語。52010·湖北卷 After she completes the project, she'll have _(沒什么要擔心的). (worry)5nothing to worry about考查不定式作后置定語。動詞 “worry”與被修飾的名詞 “nothing” 形成動賓關系，由于 “worry” 是不及物動詞，后面須加上介詞about，由此可知答案為nothing to worry about。62010·湖北卷 _(油漆成)red, the building stands out among the rest

22、 and looks very attractive. (paint)6Painted考查過去分詞作狀語。主語 the building是動作paint的作用對象，因此用過去分詞Painted。72009·湖北卷 When you are finished with the electric iron, don't forget _(關掉它). (turn)7to turn it off考查非謂語動詞。forget to do sth意為“記著要去做”；“關掉”是turn sth off；并且要注意代詞的用法。根據語境可知答案為to turn it off。82009

23、3;湖北卷 _ (獲得獎學金) gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states.(win)8Winning a scholarship考查動名詞作主語?！矮@得獎學金”是win a scholarship，此處要用動名詞作主語，因此答案為winning a scholarship。9You'd better go and_(把你的轎車洗洗)No, I 'll do it myself.(wash)9have/get your car washed考查have sth.done結構。根據

24、答語可知，這里表示“讓某事被別人做”，應該用have sth done結構，由此可知答案為have/get your car washed。10They sat together around the table, with_(門關著)(shut)10the door shut考查獨立主格結構。本題是“with名詞/代詞非謂語動詞”型的獨立主格結構，名詞the door與“關著”是動賓關系，故用過去分詞shut，由此可知答案為the door shut。 新題預測考試動向預測(110小題)：1_ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the fin

25、als.(remain)吉姆是否適合打決賽還有待證明。1It remains to be seen2_， the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(bite)被咬了兩次，郵遞員拒絕給我們送信了，除非我們把狗鎖起來。2Bitten twice 3The old lady is said to have three children，two of them _.(study)這位老太太有三個孩子，其中兩個在國外學習。3studying abroad4My daughter was badly hurt

26、 in the accident.I really regretted _ from school yesterday.(pick)我的女兒在事故中嚴重受傷。我很后悔昨天沒有開車去學校接她。4not having picked her up/not picking her up5Misunderstandings arising from lack of social communication，unless _，may lead to serious problems.(handle)因缺少社會溝通而產生的誤解如果不妥善處理的話很可能會導致嚴重的問題。5handled properly 6W

27、hen she noticed the teacher _，she lowered her head in shame.(stare)當她注意到老師正盯著她的時候，她羞愧地低下了頭。6staring at her7Every year one million tourists visit Stonehenge, which is believed _ before the Pyramids, about 4000 years ago. (construct )每年都有上百萬的人參觀巨石陣，它被認為是修建于比金字塔更早的四千年前。7to have been constructed 8The mu

28、dslide is reported _ more than 1400 lives in Zhouqu County. (claim)據報道，發(fā)生在舟曲縣的塌方已奪去了1400多人的生命。8to have claimed 9The mine explosion in Heilongjiang Province caused 104 deaths, with four other miners still _.(trap)黑龍江省的煤礦爆炸導致了104人死亡，仍有4名礦工被困地下。9trapped underground10To every one of us, _ is a great hon

29、or. (admit)對于我們中的每一個人來說，被北大錄取是極大的榮幸。10being admitted to/into Beijing University11At Beijing Olympic Opening Chinese families sat in front of TV and watched the ceremony，_(感到非常自豪)(feel)11feeling very proud 12The kid was so proud of his work that he was just sitting there with _(蹺著二郎腿), waiting for praise from his teacher. (cross)12his legs crossed13The catastrophy _(呈現出來的) in the