形容詞和副詞辨析

1、專題七形容詞和副詞第一節(jié)形容詞和副詞辨析,遵義中考五年命題規(guī)律及趨勢考綱要求1.形容詞(包括比較級和最高級)2.副詞(包括比較級和最高級)考查點(diǎn)年份題號選項(xiàng)設(shè)置分值形容詞詞義辨析201641serious and boring/gentle_and_wise/meaningless and scary1.5分76differentdifferent1分82nationnational1分85growgrowing1分201527fifteen years old/fifteen­year­old/fifteen­years­old1分79proudpro

2、ud1分201485lucklucky1分86tallertall1分201341hungry/thirsty/full1.5分43five days/fourth_day/four­day1.5分46the other/another/other1.5分48sweet/bitter/terrible1.5分84relaxrelaxed1分89botheither1分90personpersonal1分201282southsouthern1.5分86excitingexcited1分副詞詞義辨析201642early/slowly/easily1.5分80wellwell1分87s

3、ome timessometimes1分201526How/which/why1分88suchso1分201422do something to/only/do nothing besides1分31How soon/How long/How_far1分201248no_longer/always/extremely1.5分81successsuccessfully1.5分89soneither1分90How longHow_soon1分形容詞、副詞混合辨析201626happy/happiness/happily1分201539friendly/lovely/quickly1.5分20134

4、9What/How/Why1.5分201227good/well/better1分46unusual/usually/usual1.5分形容詞、副詞轉(zhuǎn)換201583completecompletely1分201479heavyheavily1分201385happyunhappily1分遵義中考單項(xiàng)選擇及完形填空對形容詞和副詞的考查主要集中在對詞義辨析及比較等級的考查上。對詞義辨析的考查側(cè)重形容詞詞義的辨析，且側(cè)重在語境中的應(yīng)用。對形容詞與副詞混合辨析設(shè)置的選項(xiàng)為簡單句，考查主要集中在對詞義辨析及同根的形容詞和副詞。如：what，how，why；friendly，lovely，quickly；

5、unusually，usually，usual等。語篇填空、單詞拼寫及改錯題偏向詞性轉(zhuǎn)換和比較等級的考查。預(yù)計(jì)2017年遵義中考的單項(xiàng)選擇必定考查12道形容詞或副詞詞義辨析或比較等級。完形填空也會涉及一道形容詞或副詞詞義辨析。語篇填空、單詞拼寫及改錯題主要涉及詞性的轉(zhuǎn)換及比較等級的考查。學(xué)生必須注意區(qū)分同根形容詞與其­ly結(jié)尾詞的意義區(qū)別，如：true與truly；heavy與heavily。同時也要注意名詞，副詞與形容詞或副詞的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律。,遵義中考重難點(diǎn)突破【滿分點(diǎn)撥】一、形容詞的用法及位置說明人或事物的特征、性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)，常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞的詞叫形容詞。1作定語，放在名詞之前

6、，復(fù)合不定代詞之后。如：The nice girl is my sister.這個漂亮的女孩是我妹妹。She has something special to give you.她有特殊的東西給你。注意：有少數(shù)形容詞只能作表語，不能作定語，如alone，afraid，asleep，awake，alive，well等。2作表語，放在系動詞之后。如：He looks very happy.他看起來很開心。3作賓補(bǔ)，放在賓語之后，常與make，leave，keep等動詞連用。如：You must keep your eyes closed.你必須閉上眼睛。4某些形容詞說明事物間的關(guān)系，如方位、時間、

7、用途等，沒有比較級的變化，如the same，different，southern，northern，Chinese，Japanese等。如：My answer is different from yours.我的答案和你的不一樣。二、副詞的作用、構(gòu)成、分類和位置1副詞的作用副詞是表示行為特征或性狀特征的詞。主要以修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句。在句中主要用作狀語。如：Sometimes we're very busy.有時我們非常忙。2副詞的構(gòu)成構(gòu)成例詞與形容詞同形。low，fast，late，early，much，deep，little，hard，only，back，well，e

8、nough，long，high形容詞后直接加ly。sadsadly；politepolitely續(xù)表構(gòu)成例詞輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞改y為i再加ly。happyhappily；angryangrily；busybusily輔音字母加le結(jié)尾時，去e加y。simplesimply；terribleterribly；gentlegently少數(shù)以e結(jié)尾的形容詞，要去掉e再加ly。truetruly；dueduly注意：有些以ly結(jié)尾的詞是形容詞而非副詞。如：motherly，lovely，lively，friendly，lonely。有些副詞有兩種形式，其中一種形式與形容詞相同，另一種形式是在形容

9、詞后加­ly，意義有區(qū)別。常見的有：closeadj./adv.靠近c(diǎn)loselyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高h(yuǎn)ighlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免費(fèi)freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚；遲latelyadv.近來deepadj./adv.深deeplyadv.深刻/深入地nearadj./adv.鄰近nearlyadv.幾乎；將近hardadj./adv.努力地hardlyadv.幾乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.寬闊widelyadv.廣泛地3.副詞的分類和位置分類位置例詞時間副詞

10、一般放在句尾。now現(xiàn)在；then那時；today今天；tomorrow明天；yesterday昨天；before；前面ago 之前；soon很快；once曾經(jīng)；以前頻度副詞行為動詞之前或助動詞、情態(tài)動詞及be動詞之后。twice兩次；daily天天；常常；weekly每周；每周一次；always總是；經(jīng)常usually經(jīng)常；often經(jīng)常；常常；sometimes有時；ever曾經(jīng)；never從來不續(xù)表分類位置例詞地點(diǎn)副詞一般放在句尾。here這兒；there那兒；upstairs樓上；downstairs樓下；above上邊；behind后邊；everywhere每個地方；anywhere

11、任何地方方式副詞放在不及物動詞之后或及物動詞之前。well好地；badly劣質(zhì)地；fast快速地；hard難地；努力地；happily快樂地；loudly大聲地；luckily幸運(yùn)地；politely禮貌地；really真正地；safely安全地程度副詞被修飾的形容詞或副詞前，情態(tài)動詞或助動詞之后。enough修飾形容詞或副詞時須后置。quite相當(dāng)；完全；十分；rather相當(dāng)；頗；有點(diǎn)；very非常；much許多；a lot許多；a little一點(diǎn)；一些；a bit少量；enough足夠；hardly幾乎不；almost大多數(shù)疑問副詞通常置于句首。疑問副詞有when，where，why，

12、how，how long，how soon，how often，how far等。關(guān)系副詞用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句。有when，where，why，how等，關(guān)系副詞常用來引導(dǎo)從句。三、形容詞、副詞辨析1形容詞詞義辨析近幾年遵義中考對形容詞詞義辨析的考查為必考點(diǎn)。2副詞詞義辨析遵義中考近5年單項(xiàng)選擇中并沒有考查副詞詞義辨析，但是完形填空中會涉及一道副詞詞義辨析的試題，且偏向頻度副詞的考查。3形容詞副詞混合辨析遵義中考中有很多形容詞和副詞形式相近的詞。此類混合考法是遵義中考試題的亮點(diǎn)。下面將這部分最常見的形容詞與副詞加以歸納。(1)It's easy for me to finish this

13、task.I can finish this task easily我完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)很容易。(2)He walked up the path slowlySlowly he walked up the path.他慢慢地走在小路上。(不能使用slow)(3)The book is so clear that I can easily understand it.這本書很清晰，我很容易理解。(不使用clearly)(4)Tom thinks that it is hard to learn English well.湯姆認(rèn)為學(xué)好英語很難。He can hardly speak English，ca

14、n he？他不太會說英語，對吧？(5)You mostly need to listen and read.你主要需要聽和閱讀。(不能用形容詞most)(6)You spend nearly half of your life on your job.你將幾乎半生投入到你的工作中。(不能用形容詞near)(7)Be quick，or we will be late.快點(diǎn)，要不然我們就遲到了。(不用副詞quickly)(8)The money can be used usefully to help him.這筆錢用來幫助他會非常有價(jià)值。(不能用useful)(9)The whole proje

15、ct was badly managed.整個項(xiàng)目管理不善。(不能用形容詞bad來修飾動詞manage)(10)Lily is so careful that there is no mistake in her composition.李莉如此小心以至于她的作文中沒有任何錯誤。(be動詞之后不能用副詞carefully)【考點(diǎn)搶測】一、單項(xiàng)選擇。( B )1.(2016威海中考)Grandma is rather deaf，so you must speak clearly and _ to her.AquietlyBloudlyCnoisily( C )2.There are a lot

16、of people talking and laughing in the room and it's very _Aquiet Bsoft Cnoisy( B )3.In a green school everyone agrees to be _ about the environment.Anervous Bcareful Chonest( C )4.(2015濱州中考改編)Teenagers should be encouraged to go _ and be close to nature.Ainside Bback Coutside( B )5.How do you fe

17、el when you watch national flag going up?It makes me feel _Aproudly Bproud Chappy( A )6.My old neighbor Charles felt _ after his children moved out.Alonely Bsafely Cangrily( B )7.My friend Frank sings well，and he is _ good at playing the guitar.Anot Balso Cyet( C )8.Helen was so excited at the news

18、that she could _ say a word.Aever Balmost Chardly( A )9.I fell off the bike on my way to school._，I wasn't hurt.ALuckily BSuddenly CPolitely( A )10.The fish tastes _，we have eaten it up.It is certain that she cooked it _.Agood；well Bwell；good Cwell；well二、單詞拼寫。11We can hardly believe that you learn to dance so _quickly_(quick)12My uncle lost his ID