小學英語語法基礎知識大全藍本

1、小學英語語法匯總（藍本）可數名詞與不可數名詞“分家” 一、可數名詞與不可數名詞的區(qū)別 可數名詞是可以按個數來計算的普通名詞，分為個體名詞(表示某類人或事物中的個體，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集體名詞(表示作為一個整體來看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。不可數名詞是不能按個數來計算的普通名詞，分為物質名詞(表示無法分為個體的物質，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名詞(表示動作、狀態(tài)、情況、品質等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)

2、。 強調：不可數名詞默認為單數，用is或者was；不要根據some、any、a lot of等詞去作判斷。二、可數名詞的家務事 可數名詞有單數和復數兩種形式。指一個人或一件事物時，用單數形式；指兩個或多個人或事物時用復數形式。名詞由單數形式變成復數形式的規(guī)則如下： 1. 一般的名詞詞尾直接加-s 。 如：book books house houses day days 讀音：清輔音后讀s，濁輔音和元音后讀z。 2. 以s,ss,ch,sh, x 結尾的在詞尾加-es 。 如：bus buses glass glasses watch watches dish dishes box boxes

3、讀音：iz3. 以"輔音字母+y"結尾的，將y改為i再加-es。如 city cities factory factories 讀音：z4. 以f 或fe 結尾的，將f或fe改為v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leaves knife knives wife wives thief-thieves 讀音：z5. 特例（?？迹?child children mousemice man men womanwomen policeman policemen (規(guī)律：man men) tomato tomatoes potato potatoes 注：黑人 英雄

4、 土豆 西紅柿加es其余加-s,如：photo photos hero heroes negronegroes 讀音：z foot feet tooth teeth oo變ee sheep, Chinese, Japanese, fish單、復數同形 people單數形式表示復數意義，要求謂語動詞用復數；people的復數形式peoples通常指"多個民族"。 三、 不可數名詞的家務事 1. 不可數名詞沒有復數，作句子主語時，謂語動詞用單數形式。 如：The food is very fresh.2. 有的不可數名詞也可以作可數名詞，有復數形式，但意義發(fā)生變化。 如：wat

5、er (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子) 3. 很多的不可數名詞表示泛指時為不可數，表種類時就可數，意義不發(fā)生變化。如： fruit fruits food foods fish fishes hair hairs 4. 計算不可數名詞的數量，要在數詞和不可數名詞之間加上“量詞+of”如：a glass of water a piece of paper a bottle of juice 5.判斷步驟：            &

6、#160;                                     如是am、is或was原形 讀句子讀該單詞認識該單詞理解意思看be動詞       &

7、#160;                                          如是are或were加s或esA.用所給名詞的適當形式填空1. How many_(sheep)

8、 are there on the hill? 2. There is some_(food) in the basket. 3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now. 4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle. 5. There are five_(people ) in his family. 6. Let's take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here. 8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow. 9. The_(c

9、hild) are playing games on the playground now. 10. Their_(dictionary) look new. 11. I see you have a few white_(hair). 12. They are_(woman) doctors. 13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please? 14. There are many_(fox) in the picture. 15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty

10、. 16.Are there two                ( box ) on the table? 17.I can see some                 ( people ) in the cinema. 18.How many   

11、              ( day ) are there in a week? 19.Herere five                ( bottle ) of            &#

12、160;     ( juice ) for you. 20.This                ( violin ) is hers. Those                ( grape ) are over there.參考答案：1.sheep

13、2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice B.寫出下列各詞的復數 I _  him _  this _   her _     watch _   child _ photo _ diary _   day_

14、60; foot_ dress _ tooth_ sheep _   box_  strawberry _ thief_engineer_peach_ sandwich_  woman_  leaf_   people_冠  詞 冠詞是一種虛詞，不能獨立使用，通常放在名詞的前面，分為“不定冠詞”和“定冠詞”兩種。1、不定冠詞：a、an用在單數名詞前，表“一個，一件”。an用在以元音“音素”開頭的單詞前。 如：an e-mail, an orange, an old man, an English

15、 watch, an hour2、 定冠詞：the用在單數或者復數名詞前，沒有具體意思，翻譯為這、那?；居梅ǎ?#160; （1）表特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：The map on the wall is new.  （2）表示說話者雙方都知道的人或事物。如：Look at the picture, please.  （3）表示再次提到前面談過的人或事物。如：This is a stamp. The stamp is beautiful.  （4）用在表示世界上獨一無二的事物前。如：the sun太陽  the moon月亮  the

16、earth地球  （5）用在由普通名詞構成的專有名詞前。如：the Great Wall長城  （6）用在江河、湖海等專有名詞前。 如：the ChangJiang River長江  （7）序數詞、形容詞最高級、樂器等詞前和一些習慣用語中一般都用定冠詞the。 如：the first day, the best boy, play the piano, in the same class練一練：1、用a或an填空。  _ “U”  _ ice-cream   _  goalkeeper 

17、;  _ teapot  _ apple    _ office  _ English book _ umbrella _ unit   _ hour            2、根據需要，填寫冠詞a，an或the。（1）Who is _girl behind _tree?（2） _old man has two children

18、, _ son and _daughter.（3）This is  _ orange.   _ orange is Lucys.（4）He likes playing _guitar. We have _same hobby.（5）We all had_good time last Sunday.（6）She wants to be_doctor.數 詞分為基數詞和序數詞。基數用于表示數量多少，而基數詞用于表示次序，常在日期中出現。區(qū)別：基數詞前沒有“the”；序數詞前要有“the”。 1、超過二十以上的

19、兩位數需要在個位和十位之間加上“-”。如：21 twenty-one 2、三位數以上的需在百位數后再加上and。 如：101 one hundred and one 3、基數詞修飾可數名詞時，別忘了其復數形式。 如：十八個男孩 eighteen boys 4、基數詞修飾不可數名詞時，如是復數，變其量詞為復數。 如：兩碗米飯  two bowls of rice 5、序數詞一般加“th”，特殊的：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 二十及二十以外的整十：twentieth, thirtieth, fortie

20、th “第幾十幾”：前面整十不變，后面“幾”改為序數詞：88 eighty-eighth練一練： 1、請翻譯下列短語。 （1）60名學生                （2）15本英語書                    &#

21、160;         （3）九杯涼水                 （4）4個孩子                      

22、0;         （5）12月31                  （6）6月2日                     

23、            （7）第九周                   （8）40年前                 

24、0;                （9）11+7                     （10）上學第一天           

25、;                 2、把下列基數詞改成序數詞。 one-    two-     three-     nine-    fourteen-    twenty-    thirty-five- 

26、60;     eighty-one代  詞代詞有兩種：人稱代詞和物主代詞。 1、人稱代詞分為：第一、第二、第三人稱，且有單復數之分。 2、人稱代詞的主格做主語，用在動詞前（疑問句除外）；賓格做賓語，用于動詞、介詞后。 3、形容詞性物主代詞起形容詞的作用，后面一定要跟名詞，表示該名詞是屬于誰的。 4、名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。 如：This is my bag. = This is mine.  That is her ruler. = That is hers. 看后面有沒有名詞，如有，就用形容詞性物主代詞；

27、如無，就用名詞性物主代詞。    牢記： 單數復數人稱 代詞主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey賓格meyouhimheritusyouthem物主 代詞形容詞性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名詞性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs 練一練： 1.把表補充完整。人稱代詞物主代詞單數復數單數復數主格賓格主格賓格形容詞性名詞性形容詞性名詞性第一人稱meusour第二人稱youyou第三人稱hethemhistheirheritits 2.用所給詞的適當形式填空。 1）That is not _

28、 kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I ) 2）The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3）Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 4）_ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he ) 5）_ dresses are red. ( we ) What color are _? ( you ) 6）Show _ your kite, OK? ( they )

29、 7）I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 8）Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 9）Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 10）_ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 11）Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _

30、parents. ( they ) 12）Dont touch _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it ) 13）_ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 14）The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )形容詞、副詞1、形容詞表某一事或人的特征，副詞表示某一動作的特征。 形容詞和副詞有三種形式：原形、比較級、最高級。 比較級：+er  最高級：the +est 兩個重要特征：asas中間一定用原形，than的前面一定要+er。 2、形容詞、副詞比較級的規(guī)則變化：

31、（1）直接+er。如：tall - taller, fast - faster 單音節(jié)詞如果以-e結尾，只加-r。如：late - later （2）重讀閉音節(jié)詞如末尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫該字母，再加-er。如：big - bigger, fat - fatter （3）以輔音字母加-y結尾的詞，變y為i，再加-er。 如：heavy - heavier, early - earlier （4）雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)詞的比較級應在原級前加more構成。如：beautiful - more beautiful, careful - more careful,quietly - more qu

32、ietly,interesting - more interesting （5）不規(guī)則變化，須逐一記憶。 如：good/well better, bad/ill worse, many/much more, far farther/further, old older/elder練一練：A.寫出下列形容詞、副詞的比較級。big             good          

33、;       long                 tall                 old               sh

34、ort              thin                heavy                young     &#

35、160;        fat              light               strong               

36、  high                far               low              early     

37、60;         late                 well                fast          

38、60;    slow    B.用括號內所給單詞的適當形式填空。1) I can swim as _ ( fast ) as the fish, I think.2) Look! His hands are _  ( big ) than mine.3) I think you do these things_ ( well ) than your classmates.4) Whose bag is _ ( heavy ), yours or mine?5) Does Jim run as 

39、_（slow ) as David? Yes, but Mike runs_ ( slow ) than them.6) You have seven books, but I have _ ( many ) than you. I ha ve ten.7) I jump _ ( far ) than some of the boys in my class.8) Im very_ ( thin ), but shes _ ( thin ) than me.9) It gets _and_ ( warm ) when spring comes here.

40、介  詞 1、一種虛詞,不能單獨作句子成分，只有跟它后面的賓語一起構成介詞短語，才能起作用。 有：in, on, under, with, behind, about, near, before, after, for, to, up, down, from, in front of, out of, fromto, at the back of 2、表時間的有：at, on, in （1）at表“在某一個具體的時間點上”，或在固定詞組中：at 9:30 a.m., at night, at the weekend（2）on表示“在某日或某日的時間段” ：on Friday, on

41、the first of October, on Monday morning （3）in表示“在某一段時間（月份、季節(jié)）里” ：in the afternoon, in September, in summer, in 2005 3、in還有其他的固搭：in blue，in English，take part in練一練：1、選用括號內恰當的介詞填空。1) Whats this _ ( at, on, in ) English?2) Christmas is _ ( at, on, in ) the 25th of December.3) The man_ ( with,

42、 on, in ) black is Su Hais father.4) He doesnt do well  _ ( at, on, in ) PE.5) Look at those birds  _ ( on, in ) the tree.6) We are going to meet  _ ( at, on, in ) the bus stop  _ ( at, on, in ) half past ten.7) Is there a cat    _ ( under,

43、 behind, in ) the door?8) Helens writing paper is  _ ( in, in front of ) her computer.9) We live _ ( at, on, in ) a new house now.10) Does it often rain   _ ( at, on, in ) spring there?2、圈出下列句子中運用不恰當的介詞。1) Jim is good in English and Maths.     

44、2) The films were in the ground just now.          3) They are talking to their plans.        4) How many students have their birthdays on May?           5) Womens Day is

45、 at the third of March.   6) I can jog to school on the morning.           7) Did you water trees at the farm?          8) Can you come and help me on my English?     

46、60;     9) I usually take photos in Sunday morning.       10) What did you do on the Spring Festival?           動  詞 動詞包括be動詞、情態(tài)動詞、助動詞、行為動詞（就是我們平時總說的那種動詞）。動詞、名詞和形容詞的區(qū)分方法：先用“一（量詞）”（如：一個、一張等）和該詞相連，

47、如說得通，是名詞；說不通再用“很”判斷，把“很”和該詞相連，說得通就是形容詞；都說不通即動詞。1、 be動詞（ am, is, are, was, were ） 1）amwas, is was, are-were 口訣：我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它，所有復數全用are。 2）肯定和否定句 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher. She is(not) in the dining room. My hair is(not) long. 3）一般疑問句 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you are

48、nt. Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they arent. Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isnt. 4）be動詞的否定形式： am not（沒有縮寫形式）， are not = arent ， is not = isnt 練一練：  1、用be動詞的適當形式填空。 1）I _ a boy. _ you a boy?       2）The girl_ Jack's sister. 3）The dog _ tall and fat

49、.                 4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher. 5）_ your brother in the classroom?           6）How _ your father? 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.  &

50、#160;           8）Whose dress _ this? 9）Whose socks _ they?        10）Who _ I?   11）The jeans _ on the desk. 12）Here _ a scarf for you.           

51、0;        13）Here _ some sweaters for you. 14）The black gloves _ for Su Yang.           15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16）The two cups of milk _ for me.        &

52、#160;     17）Some tea _ in the glass. 18）Gao shan's shirt _ over there.            19）My sister's name _Nancy. 20）_ David and Helen from England?          &#

53、160; 21）There _ a girl in the room. 22）There _ some apples on the tree.              23）_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）There _ some bread on the plate.          25）You,

54、he and I _ from China. 26）There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 2、助動詞（ do, does, did ） do, does用于一般現在時，其過去式did用于一般過去時。通常用在疑問句和否定句中。 否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。 注意：在一般現在時中，does用于第三人稱單數，其余一律用助動詞do；助動詞do, does, did后面一定要用動詞原形。1) _you like this magazin

55、e?       2) The girl_like bread for breakfast.3) -What _ she _ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -Wha_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing opera? -No, I _.6) He _not visit a farm last National Da

56、y holiday.   7) They_ not like playing volleyball.8)  _Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, he         .9)  _Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites _we have? -We have ten.3、情態(tài)動詞 情

57、態(tài)動詞很特殊，平時不把它說成是動詞。情態(tài)動詞可以和行為動詞同時出現在同一個句子中。 情態(tài)動詞有：can、could、shall、should、will、would、may、might 、must 注：情態(tài)動詞后動詞用原形。（不受任何條件影響）否定形式：can not = cant, must not = mustnt,    注：may not和shall not（無縮寫形式）練一練：選擇填空。(      ) 1) The sign on the wall means you _stay away from th

58、e building.          A. must           B. cant           C. shouldn't(      ) 2) How many books _ you see on the desk?

59、60;  A. may     B. can     C. should(      ) 3) It means you  _ make noise in the library.  A. should    B. shouldn't   C. can(      ) 4) _you like a glass of mi

60、lk? - Yes, please.  A. May    B. Could   C. Would(      ) 5) _you see the sign over there? - Sorry, I cant.  A. Can  B. Cant  C. Should(      ) 6) _ we go to the park by bus?   

61、60;   A. May       B. Must       C. Shall4、 行為動詞   即平時上課時說的動詞，表示某一動作或行為。如：sweep、live等。行為動詞我們已學過它們的四種形式：原形、第三人稱單數+s/es、現在分詞（也叫動名詞）+ing、過去式+ed。（1）動詞第三人稱單數變化規(guī)則： A、一般直接加“s”： play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ； B、以“s”，“x

62、”，“sh”，“ch”結尾時，加“es”： catch catches, watch watches ； C、以“輔音字母+y”結尾時，變“y”為“i”再加“es”： carry carries, study studies 。（2）現在分詞（動名詞）構成規(guī)則： A、一般直接加“ing” ： go going, look looking ； B、以不發(fā)音的“e”結尾，去“e” 加“ing” ： take taking, make making, have having ； C、以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的詞，如末尾只有一個輔音字母，需要雙寫這個字母再加“ing”： put putting, stop s

63、topping, run running, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning, jog jogging, forget forgetting 。（3）過去式構成規(guī)則： A、一般直接加“ed” ： plant planted, pick picked ； B、以不發(fā)音字母“e”結尾，直接加“ed” ：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted ； C、“輔音字母+y”結尾，變“y”為“i”再加“ed” ：try tried, carry carried, study studied ；

64、D、有些動詞雙寫最后一個字母，再加“ed” ：stop stopped ； E、還有很多動詞的過去式是不規(guī)則的： 是-am(be)-was-being； 是-are(be)-were-being； 是-be-was, were-being； 成為-become-became-becoming； 開始-begin-began-beginning； 彎曲-bend-bent-bending； 吹-blow-blew-blowing； 買-buy-bought-buying； 能-can-could-； 捕捉-catch-caught-catching； 選擇-choose-chose-choosing； 來-come-came-coming； 切-cut-cut-cutting； 做-do, does-did-doing； 畫-draw-drew-drawing； 飲-drink-drank-drinki