語(yǔ)法系列復(fù)習(xí)專題四--冠詞.

1、冠詞篇一、a與one的對(duì)比1. 盡管a和one這兩個(gè)在意義上有些相似，但它們幾乎不能互換使用。2. 在連續(xù)記數(shù)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上,用one而不用a。3. 在名詞前使用one往往表示數(shù)量上的對(duì)比。4. 用在某些固定詞組中。e.g. all of a sudde n 突然,as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上,in a hurry,i n a word, do sb. a favour,pay a visit to,a hand of少量的，a length of（根、一段,a variety of（種種,a depth of（深度為,an article of（一件 ,a total of（總

2、共,an average of平均 ,one by one,one after ano ther,o ne day二、不定冠詞的基本用法1. 具有泛指的概念，表示一類”或其中的一個(gè)”2. 初次提到某人或某物。3. 速度、比率、價(jià)格等，其意義相等于one或every。4. 用在某些物質(zhì)名詞前，該物質(zhì)名詞便具體化了。a coffee, a heavy rain5. 用在某些抽象名詞前，該抽象名詞前便具體化了。He has a kno wledge of chemistry. The get-together was a great success.6. 用在專有名詞前，表示類似的一個(gè)或某一個(gè)。He

3、 is a Kong Fansen. A Mrs Smith wishes to speak to you.7. 表示同一個(gè)”的意思。The two boys are of an age.These umbrellas are of a (=the same colour and size.8. 不定冠詞的特殊位置：how/so/as/too+形容詞+不定冠詞+名詞so kind a man = such a kind man too difficult a book三、定冠詞的主要用法1. 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物。2. 表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。3. 用在序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)前面。4.

4、 用在江河湖海、山脈、群島、海峽、沙漠等地理名詞前。5. 用在形容詞或過(guò)去分詞前表示一類人。6. 用在表示國(guó)家和民族的形容詞前表示泛指該國(guó)的人民。7. 用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前，表示該夫婦倆或全家人。8. 樂(lè)器、通訊設(shè)備前一定要加定冠詞。9. 用于某些縮略詞之前。the PRC10. 用在表示發(fā)明物的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前。11. 固定搭配。in the morning on the other hand四、不用冠詞的幾種情況1. 季節(jié)、節(jié)日、星期、三餐等之前，一般不加冠詞the Spring Festival 除外2. 名詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞所有格等限定詞修飾時(shí)，一般不加冠詞。3. 專

5、有名詞、物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞、人名、地名等名詞前，一般不加。4. 球類、棋類、學(xué)科等名稱前，一般不加冠詞。5. 稱呼、頭銜、職務(wù)等表示抽象性質(zhì)的名詞前，不加冠詞。6. 在與by連用交通工具名稱前不加冠詞。7. 在turn,go(變成、成為變成后面的名詞做短語(yǔ)時(shí)，名詞前不加冠詞。但 become后面的名詞前一定要加冠詞。8. 在一個(gè)以 普通名詞+as”所引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，該普通名詞前不加冠詞。9. 泛指復(fù)數(shù)名詞前不用冠詞。10. 固定搭配。in debt,i n good (bad healthn good con diti on ,i n great dema nd,i n great n

6、eed of, i n time of danger,in office(就就職,in honour of,in trouble (difficultyn favour of,with anger,in gen eral,i n size,i n character在 性格上,in sight, in (out of order,o n bus in ess, on holiday, on leave, on watch, on fire,heart and soul,k nife and fork,at sea,husba nd and wife,brother and sister,fro

7、m morning till night,on horseback五、特殊情況1. 部分詞組中有冠詞和沒(méi)有冠詞其含義不同。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，名詞前無(wú)冠詞，則表示抽象意義;名詞前有冠詞，則表示具體意義。out of problem（不成問(wèn)題,out of the problem不可能,take place,take the place of,in hospitaln the hospital,at table,at the table,in front of,in the front of, three of us,the three of us,on earth,on the earth,of age

8、成年,of an age同歲數(shù),lose colour（臉色蒼白,lose the colo ur（褪色,2. 有些訴組中用定冠詞the還是不定冠詞a，意義不同。a nu mber of the nu mber of3. 注意當(dāng)單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞被so、as、how、too等詞修飾時(shí)，冠詞的位置要放在形 容詞后面。比較such。4. 注意習(xí)慣用法。在某些詞組、成語(yǔ)中，名詞前不用冠詞。六、表示類別的三種情況1. 定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（用特指的那一類事物代表一類事物。2. 不定冠詞+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞（用任意一個(gè)”某一個(gè)”所具有的特性、特征表示一 類事物。3. 可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，指 類別”。（考慮到同

9、一類中的各個(gè)情況。專題練習(xí)冠詞1. Jump ing out ofairpla ne at ten thousa nd feet is quiteexcit ingexperie nee. （2002全 國(guó)高考題A. /; theB. /; anC. an; anD. the; the2. There sdictionary ondesk by your side. (20京3春季高考題A. a; theB. a; aC. the; aD. the; the3. An accide nt happe ned atcrossroads a few meters away frombank. (2

10、003上海春季高考題A. a; aB. /; aC. /; theD. the; /4. The warmth ofsweater will of course be determ ined by the sort ofwool used.A. the; theB. the; /C. /; theD. /; /5. Mr.Li will give ustalk.talk will begin at 8:00.A. a; TheB. the; AC. /; /D. a; A6. The sun gives usheat andlight.A. the; theB. a; aC. a; theD.

11、 /; /7. What do you n eed in dinner?I n eed.A. a knife and a forkB. a knife and forkC. the knife and forkD. the knife and the fork8. Mrs.Smith is wait ing for you in your office.A. TheB. AC. O neD. /9.She s onPeople s Daily.A. theB. a nC. aD. /10.Ein ste ins could not pay foradva need educatio n tha

12、t young Albertn eeded.A. The; theB. A; aCAn; theD.The; an11.She isn eweomer tochemistry but she has already madesome importa nt discoveries.A. the; theB. the; aC. a; /D. a; the12.Where is Jack?I think he is still inbed,but he might be inbathroom.A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the13.1 don like talk

13、ing ontelephone; I prefer writingletters.A. a; theB. a; /C. the; theD. the; /14. Ma ny people are still inhabit of writi ng silly thi ngs inpublic places.A. the; theB. /; /C. the; /D. /; the15. If you done the red coat,take the blue one.OK,but do you havesize in blue? This one is a bit tight for me.

14、A. a bigB. a biggerC. the bigD. the bigger16.1 heard somebody play ingpia no inA. a; aB. the; theC. a; theD. the; an17. Pacific Ocea n islargest of all.A. the; aB. /; theC. the; theD. a; /18. Great cha nges have take n place in1990A. /B. aC. then ext room.s.a n19. Wouldn t it bewonderful world if al

15、l nations lived inpeace with oneano ther?A. a; /B. the; /C. a; theD. the; the20. AIexa nder Graham Bell in ve ntedtelepho ne in 1876.A. /B. aC. theD. o ne21.In 1864丄 i ncoln was electedPreside nt ofUni ted States for thesec ond time.A. the; theB. a; aC. /; theD. /; /22. Joh n isuni versity stude nt.

16、A. /B. a nyC. aD. a n23. The table is made ofA. a woodB. some woodC. the woodD. wood24. We are going to lear nn ext week.A. Twelfth Less onB. The Twelfth LessonC. Twelve Less onD. The Twelve Less on25. I d likenformation about the management of your hotel,pleasbWell,you could haveword with the man a

17、ger. He might be helpful.A. some; aB. a n; someC. some; someD. a n; a26. Paper money was inuse in Chi na whe n Marco Polo visited the countryinthirtee nth cen tury.A. the; /B. the; theC. /; theD. /; /27. Most an imals have little conn ecti on withani mals ofdiffere nt kind uni ess they kill them for

18、 food.A. the; aB. /; aC. the; theD. /; the28. Alice is fond of playingpiano while Henry is interested in listening tomusic.A. /; theB. /; /C. the; /D. the; the29.0h,John.you gave us!A. How a pleasa nt surpriseB. How pleasa nt surpriseC. What a pleasa nt surpriseD. What pleasa nt surprise30. terrible

19、 weatherwe ve bee n hav ing these days!A. How aB. What aC. HowD. What31. Ma ny people agree thatkno wledge of En glish is a must inintern ati onal trade today.A. a; /B. the; anC. the; theD. /; the32. Bey ondstars,the astr on aut saw no thi ng butspace.A. the; /B. /; theC. /; /D. the; the33. Have you

20、 see npen? I left it here this morning.Is itblack one? I think I saw it some where.A. a; theB. the; theC. a; aD. the; a34. After watch ingTV,she playedviolin for an hour.A. /; /B. the; theC. the; /D. /; the35. Are you sure to help me findbed for my new house?Sure,but not now. I m heading forbed and

21、a good sleep.A. a; /B. a; aC. the; aD. the; /36. Charlie Chaplin was con sidered one of the greatest actors inhistory of cin ema.A. /; /B. a; theC. the; theD. the; a37. What aboutbook?It s too difficultbook.A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. the; a38. Towardseve ningcold rain bega n to fall.A. a n; theB.

22、 the; aC. the; /D. /; a39.She always playsfootball afterschool.A. a; theB. the; theC. /; aD. /; /40.wheel is thought to beinven tio n offirst importa nee inhuma n history.A. A; the; theB. The; an; theCA; an; theDA an; /41.I felt some one patted me onshoulder.A. aB. theC. myD. /42. So you are running

23、restaura nt?Yes,but I don t want to make itrestaura nt on ly for rich people.A. the; /B. the; theC. a; theD. a; a43. Xi an wasstarting point ofworld famous“ Silk RoadA. /;/B. a; aC. the; /D. the; the44.lt is ten o clock in the morning but he is still.A. i n the bedB. at the bedC. in bedD. o n bed45.

24、 More tha n half ofwater used for drinkin g,wash ing and irrigati ng cropscomes from un derground.A. the; /B. /; theC. /; /D. the; the46. At noon we reachedsmall villageeast ofSummerPalace.A. the; the; theB. a; /; theC. a; the; theD. a; /; /47. The child had on lyslight temperature,but the doctor re

25、gardedill ness as serious eno ugh forhospital treatme nt.A. /; /; theB. a; /; /C. a; the; /D. /; the; the48.I hadlunch at a friend s house yesterday.food was good.A. the; /B. /; /C. the; theD. /; The49. What is Jack going to do with all his mon ey?He says he has always dreamed of tak ingtrip aroundw

26、orld.A. a; theB. the; theC. a; /D. a; a50. Q in gdao ismost beautiful city in summer.A. theB. /C. aD. o ne51. Just now you said you always got to work on8 o clock train. But wouldlater train get you to work on time?A. a; aB. a; theC. the; theD. the; a52. The buildi ng was completed inSeptember of 19

27、56 not inOctober,1955.A. /; theB. the; theC. /;/D. the; /53.I would like to haveroom,win dow of which ope ns to south.A. a; the; aB. a; the; theC. a; /; /D. a; the; /54. There ishouse in the picture.There isold woma n n earhouse.A. a n; a; theB. a; an; theC. the; a; anD. a; the; an55. Europe andAmer

28、ica are separated byAtla nticOcea n.A. /; /; theB. the; the; theC. /; /; /D. the; the; /56. There is “ h” in the word“ honest ”.A. aB. thec./D.a n57. terrible life people in the small island lived at that time!A. WhatB. HowC. What aD. How a58. Father ofte n says to me,“ Behon est boy today anduseful mantomorrow. ”A. a; aB. a n; anC. a; anD. a n; a59. Th ings ofkind come together; people ofkind fall intosamegroup.A. the; the; theB. a; a; theC. the; the; aD. a; the;